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Bora Massacre
The Bora massacre was a mass extrajudicial killing that took place in Bora () in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 8 January 2021, with aftermath killings that continued up to 10 January. Tghat, 12 March 2021 The Bora Massacre in southern Tigray by the Ethiopian army/ref> Los Angeles Times, 19 March, 2021 In an out-of-sight war, a massacre comes to lightAnnys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Nyssen, J., 2021.Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation/ref> Bora is the capital town of ''woreda'' Bora-Selewa, Southern zone of Tigray. Massacre A skirmish occurred between the TDF and ENDF on the morning of 8 January in the Ajale mountains, about 16 kilometres northeast of Bora. After the fighting, soldiers descended upon Bora. A massacre by the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) then took place, in which the ENDF killed from 70 to 170 civilians in Bora on 8-10 January 2021. Soldiers went house to house in Bora and carried out the ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alaje
Alaje () is a District of Ethiopia, or ''woreda'', in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debubawi Zone, Alaje is bordered on the south by Endamehoni, on the southwest by the Amhara Region, on the north by Debub Misraqawi (Southeastern) Zone, and on the southeast by Raya Azebo. The administrative center of this woreda is Adi Shehu; other towns in Alaje include Bora (also called Chelena) and Dela. The highest point in this woreda, as well as the Debubawi Zone, is Mount Emba Alaje, one of the southernmost peaks of the Wajirat Mountains. This prominence was the scene of several battles. The Battle of Emba Alaje (1895) was a significant defeat of the Italians during the First Italo-Ethiopian War. A later battle in 1941 was one of the last actions of the East African Campaign, and ended with the capture of the Duke of Aosta, the governor of Italian East Africa, as well as one of the last Italian strongholds. Demographics Based on the 2007 national census conducted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alaje
Alaje () is a District of Ethiopia, or ''woreda'', in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Debubawi Zone, Alaje is bordered on the south by Endamehoni, on the southwest by the Amhara Region, on the north by Debub Misraqawi (Southeastern) Zone, and on the southeast by Raya Azebo. The administrative center of this woreda is Adi Shehu; other towns in Alaje include Bora (also called Chelena) and Dela. The highest point in this woreda, as well as the Debubawi Zone, is Mount Emba Alaje, one of the southernmost peaks of the Wajirat Mountains. This prominence was the scene of several battles. The Battle of Emba Alaje (1895) was a significant defeat of the Italians during the First Italo-Ethiopian War. A later battle in 1941 was one of the last actions of the East African Campaign, and ended with the capture of the Duke of Aosta, the governor of Italian East Africa, as well as one of the last Italian strongholds. Demographics Based on the 2007 national census conducted by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Office Of The United Nations High Commissioner For Human Rights
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, commonly known as the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) or the United Nations Human Rights Office, is a department of the Secretariat of the United Nations that works to promote and protect human rights that are guaranteed under international law and stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. The office was established by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 December 1993 in the wake of the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights. The office is headed by the High Commissioner for Human Rights, who co-ordinates human rights activities throughout the United Nations System and acts as the secretariat of the Human Rights Council in Geneva, Switzerland. The eighth and current High Commissioner is Volker Türk of Austria, who succeeded Michelle Bachelet of Chile on 8 September 2022. In 2018–2019, the department had a budget of $201.6 million (3.7 per cent of the reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopian Human Rights Commission
The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) ( am, የኢትዮጵያ ሰብዓዊ መብቶች ኮሚሽን) is a national human rights institution (NHRI) established by the Ethiopian government. The EHRC is charged with promoting human rights and investigating human rights abuses in Ethiopia. The EHRC states organizational independence as one of its values. In October 2021, the EHRC's rating by the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions for operation in accordance with the UN Paris Principles was upgraded from grade B (partial compliance) to grade A (full compliance). Creation Mandated by provisions in the 1995 Constitution (article 55), the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission was legally established on 4 July 2000 as an autonomous body accountable to the House of Peoples' Representatives (HoPR), the lower house of the Ethiopian federal parliament. In 2004, Parliament appointed the EHRC's first Chief Commissioner. Leadership and structure During 2017 and 2018, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Bekele
Daniel Bekele (Amharic: ዳንኤል በቀለ; 17 February 1967) is an Ethiopian lawyer and human rights activist. He was detained from November 2005 to March 2008 for his complaints about the procedures of the 2005 Ethiopian general election. He was executive director of the Africa division at Human Rights Watch from 2011 to 2016. In 2019, Daniel was appointed head of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission. Youth and education Daniel Bekele was born on . He graduated in 1989 with a bachelor's degree in law and in 2001 with a master's degree in development studies from Addis Ababa University. He obtained a master's degree in law from Oxford University in 2003. He later started doctoral studies on a "Comparative Study of Media Law in East Africa" at Oxford. Early career Daniel was a legal advisor to Ethiopian Sugar Corporation during 1998–1990, and then became an independent legal consultant. He specialised in supporting civil society, human rights education, and promoted legal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mulu Nega
Mulu Nega Kahsay (born 15 November 1967) is an Ethiopian academic and politician. Mulu Nega was one of the federal Ethiopian State Ministers of Science and Education in 2020. In November 2020 during the Tigray conflict, the House of Federation appointed Mulu Nega to replace Debretsion Gebremichael, chief executive of Tigray Region, with Mulu Nega becoming chief executive of the Transitional Government of Tigray. He held the position through to May 2021. Childhood and education Mulu was born on . He obtained his PhD from the University of Twente in 2012, with a thesis titled, "Quality and quality assurance in Ethiopian higher education: critical issues and practical implications". Research and teaching Mulu was appointed assistant professor at Institute of Educational Research at Addis Ababa University in 2002. Politics Mulu became State Minister of Science and Higher Education in Ethiopia on 6 May 2020. During the Tigray conflict in November 2020, Mulu Nega was appointed as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EHRC–OHCHR Tigray Investigation
The EHRC–OHCHR Tigray investigation is a human rights investigation launched jointly by the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in mid-2021 into human rights violations of the Tigray War that started in November 2020. The EHRC–OHCHR joint investigation team's report was published on 3 November 2021. Background Human rights violations in the Tigray War that started in November 2020 were widely viewed as war crimes including systematic sexual violence, possibly amounting to rape as a weapon of war, crimes against humanity or genocide. Creation In March 2021, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, stated that the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) had agreed to carry out a joint investigation into human rights violations during the Tigray War. Bachelet referred to "possible w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopian National Defense Force
The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) ( am, የኢፌዲሪ መከላከያ ሠራዊት, Ye’īfēdērī mekelakeya šerawīt, lit=FDRE Defense Force) is the military force of Ethiopia. Civilian control of the military is carried out through the Ministry of Defense, which oversees the Ground Forces, Air Force, Naval Force as well as the Defense Industry Sector. History The Ethiopian army's origins and military traditions date back to the earliest history of Ethiopia. Due to Ethiopia's location between the Middle East and Africa, it has long been in the middle of Eastern and Western politics and has been subject to foreign invasion and aggression. In 1579, the Ottoman Empire's attempt to expand from a coastal base at Massawa during the Ottoman conquest of Habesh was defeated. The Army of the Ethiopian Empire was also able to defeat the Egyptians in 1876 at Gura, led by Ethiopian Emperor Yohannes IV. Clapham wrote in the 1980s that the "Abyssinians ad sufferedfrom a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massacre
A massacre is the killing of a large number of people or animals, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves. A massacre is generally considered to be morally unacceptable, especially when perpetrated by a group of political actors against defenseless victims. The word is a loan of a French term for "butchery" or "carnage". A "massacre" is not necessarily a "crime against humanity". Other terms with overlapping scope include war crime, pogrom, mass killing, mass murder, and extrajudicial killing. Etymology The modern definition of ''massacre'' as "indiscriminate slaughter, carnage", and the subsequent verb of this form, derive from late 16th century Middle French, evolved from Middle French ''"macacre, macecle"'' meaning "slaughterhouse, butchery". Further origins are dubious, though may be related to Latin ''macellum'' "provisions store, butcher shop". The Middle French word ''macecr'' "butchery, carnage" is first recor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Nyssen
Jan Nyssen (born in 1957) is a Belgian physical geographer, and professor of geography at Ghent University. Career Nyssen was born in Sint-Martens-Voeren. He was employed as a mailman from 1977 to 1997 in Liège in Belgium. In 1991 he started a parallel study of Geography at the University of Liège, where he obtained the degree of Licentiate in Geography in 1995 with a dissertation on soil erosion in Ethiopia. Between 1998 and 2001 he carried out PhD research at KU Leuven University, Belgium, in which he investigated the role of human and natural processes in land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands. Promoters of this research were professors Jean Poesen and Seppe Deckers (both at KU Leuven), Jan Moeyersons at the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Tervuren) and Mitiku Haile of Mekelle University in Ethiopia. He also worked several years in projects of university development cooperation in Ethiopia. Since 2007 Nyssen has been a professor in the Department of Geography of G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tigray Region
The Tigray Region, officially the Tigray National Regional State, is the northernmost regional state in Ethiopia. The Tigray Region is the homeland of the Tigrayan, Irob, and Kunama people. Its capital and largest city is Mekelle. Tigray is the fifth-largest by area, the fifth-most populous, and the fifth-most densely populated of the 11 regional states. Tigray's official language is Tigrinya, similar to that spoken in Eritrea just to the North. The estimated population as of 2019 is 5,443,000. The majority of the population (c. 80%) are farmers, contributing 46% to the regional gross domestic product (2009). The highlands have the highest population density, especially in eastern and central Tigray. The much less densely populated lowlands comprise 48% of Tigray's area. Like many parts of Africa, Tigray is far from a religious monolith. Despite the historical identification of Ethiopia with Orthodox Christianity, the presence of Islam in Ethiopia is as old as the religion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east and northeast, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. Ethiopia has a total area of . As of 2022, it is home to around 113.5 million inhabitants, making it the 13th-most populous country in the world and the 2nd-most populous in Africa after Nigeria. The national capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, lies several kilometres west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the African and Somali tectonic plates. Anatomically modern humans emerged from modern-day Ethiopia and set out to the Near East and elsewhere in the Middle Paleolithic period. Southwestern Ethiopia has been proposed as a possible homeland of the Afroasiatic langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
