Bill Birchfield
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Bill Birchfield
William O. Birchfield Jr. (December 19, 1935 – February 5, 2016) was an American politician, lawyer, and civic leader in Jacksonville, Florida. He referred to himself as the "Duke of Mayo" from the small town (population less than 1,000) where he was born and raised. Early life and education Birchfield was born in Mayo, Florida, and graduated from Lafayette High School in 1954. He attended the University of Florida, majoring in agriculture, and was a member of Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity, Phi Kappa Phi, and Florida Blue Key. Birchfield was named to the ''UF Hall of Fame'' in 1957, earned his bachelor's degree in 1958, then enlisted in the United States Navy. Birchfield decided to further his education and was accepted by the Fredric G. Levin College of Law at the University of Florida, where he was a member of Phi Delta Phi and earned his Juris Doctor in 1963. He was admitted to the Florida Bar on June 12, 1964. He was honored as a ''Distinguished Alumnus'' by the University o ...
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Florida House Of Representatives
The Florida House of Representatives is the lower house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida Senate being the upper house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The House is composed of 120 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 180,000 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. Representatives' terms begin immediately upon their election. The Republicans holds the majority in the State House with 84 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 35 seats. One seat is vacant. Titles Members of the House of Representatives are referred to as representatives. Because this shadows the terminology used to describe members of U.S. House of Representatives, constituents and the news media often refer t ...
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United States Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point of federal law. It also has original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." The court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The court may decide cases having political overtones, but has ruled that it does not have power to decide non-justiciable political questions. Established by Article Three of the United States C ...
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Beach Boulevard (Jacksonville)
Beach Boulevard is an east–west road running from Jacksonville, Florida, United States east to Jacksonville Beach. Most of the road is part of U.S. Route 90 and unsigned as State Road 212 (SR 212), and a small portion at the eastern end is unsigned as County Road 212 (CR 212). Route description SR 212 begins at the interchange between US 90 and SR 10, where it heads east through the commercial areas of Jacksonville. Near its eastern terminus, it crosses the B.B. McCormick Bridge, leaving Jacksonville and entering Jacksonville Beach, continuing east through commercial establishments, and ending at SR A1A in Jacksonville Beach. Beach Boulevard continues for two blocks eastward as CR 212. History What is now called Beach Boulevard is actually an extension that was added to the original, post-Civil War road called Hogan Road, which stretched from the South bank of the St Johns River downtown, and led Southeast across the bridge over Little Pottsburg Creek and moved onward toward ...
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Atlantic Boulevard (Jacksonville)
Atlantic Boulevard is a highway in Duval County, Florida, that forms the easternmost portion of State Road 10 (SR 10) and is also part of U.S. Route 90 (US 90). Atlantic Boulevard connects the mainland portion of the city of Jacksonville with the Jacksonville Beaches on a barrier island to the east. Its western terminus is at San Marco Square in the San Marco neighborhood, at an intersection with the northern terminus of Balis Place, where the roadway continues as San Marco Boulevard; it travels to the east to the Atlantic Ocean at the Jacksonville Beaches, forming the city line between Atlantic Beach on its north side and Neptune Beach on its south side. Its eastern terminus is just to the east of a roundabout with the northern terminus of Midway Street on the city line. History Atlantic Boulevard was first planned circa 1890 by Eugene F. Gilbert, a jeweler from Connecticut who had purchased oceanfront property and envisioned a wagon road between the former ...
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Ring Road
A ring road (also known as circular road, beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop, bypass or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city, or country. The most common purpose of a ring road is to assist in reducing traffic volumes in the urban centre, such as by offering an alternate route around the city for drivers who do not need to stop in the city core. Ring roads can also serve to connect suburbs to each other, allowing efficient travel between them. Nomenclature The name "ring road" is used for the majority of metropolitan circumferential routes in Europe, such as the Bundesautobahn 10, Berliner Ring, the Brussels Ring, the A10 motorway (Netherlands), Amsterdam Ring, the Boulevard Périphérique around Paris and the Leeds Leeds Inner Ring Road, Inner and Leeds Outer Ring Road, Outer ring roads. Australia, Pakistan and India also use the term ring road, as in Melbourne's M80 Ring Road, Melbourne, Western Ring Road, Lahore's Lahore ...
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Interstate 295 (Florida)
Interstate 295 (I-295), an auxiliary route of I-95, is a beltway around central Jacksonville, Florida. The beltway consists of two segments, the West Beltway (formerly signed as simply I-295), and the East Beltway (formerly signed as State Road 9A, SR 9A), with I-95 serving as the dividing line between the two. The entire highway carries a hidden designation as SR 9A by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). The West Beltway was constructed in the 1970s, with the East Beltway being built from the 1980s to the 2000s. Route description Beginning at the I-95 interchange in southeastern Duval as the West Beltway, the beltway travels west, passes through the Mandarin area with interchanges at Old St. Augustine Road, and SR 13 (San Jose Boulevard). It then travels along the Buckman Bridge crossing the St. Johns River immediately south of Naval Air Station Jacksonville (NASJAX), and serves as a major connection in the southern part of Jacksonville. At the we ...
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Jacksonville Beaches
The Jacksonville Beaches, or Jax Beaches known locally as "The Beaches", are a group of towns and communities on the northern half of an unnamed barrier island on the US state of Florida's First Coast, all of which are excluded cities or parts of the city of Jacksonville itself. These communities are separated from the main body of the city of Jacksonville by the Intracoastal Waterway. The Jacksonville Beaches are located in Duval and northern St. Johns County counties, and make up part of the Jacksonville metropolitan area. The main communities generally identified as part of the Beaches are Mayport, Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, Jacksonville Beach, and Ponte Vedra Beach. Area The Jacksonville Beaches communities are all located on an unnamed barrier island defined by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the St. Johns River to the north, and the Intracoastal Waterway to the west. The island was actually originally a peninsula until 1912, when a 10-mile channel was dug connectin ...
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Mayport Ferry
The Saint Johns River Ferry, also known as the Mayport Ferry, is an automobile ferry between Mayport and Fort George Island, two areas within Jacksonville, Florida. The voyage crosses the Saint Johns River about inland of the river's mouth and travels in an east-west direction for approximately on State Road A1A. It departs every half-hour. The alternate driving route uses the toll-free Dames Point Bridge on I-295 but is long. The ferry has been operating since 1874. These vessels operated in the ferry fleet: *primary''Jean Ribault'' built 1996, 40 vehicles, 206 passengers. *stand-by: Blackbeard', built 1956, 42 vehicles, 207 passengers. Additional ferries which were in service included the ''Jean LaFitte'' which was a 26-car ferry, the ''Reliance'', the ''Sirus''. U.S.Coast Guard documents these vessels; some of the older ferries have been renamed to pass inspection. The history of the ferry dates back to 1874 according to thNew York Timesand the Library of Congress. The Fl ...
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Arlington, Jacksonville
Arlington is a large region of Jacksonville, Florida, and is generally understood as a counterpart to the city's other large regions, the Urban Core, Northside, Southside, Westside, and the Beaches. It borders the Southside area at its southern end, and has several bridge connections to nearby beaches, the Northside and Downtown. The expansive neighborhood was incorporated into the city in 1968 as a result the Jacksonville Consolidation, a city-county consolidation of the governments of the City of Jacksonville and Duval County. Arlington is known for its mid-century modern architecture, and contains several architecturally significant homes designed by local architects Robert C. Broward, Taylor Hardwick, and William Morgan. History Arlington was one of the first areas in the United States visited by Europeans; it was the site of the French Fort Caroline in 1564-1565, now represented by the Fort Caroline National Memorial. After the destruction of Fort Caroline, the area w ...
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Dames Point Bridge
The Dames Point Bridge (officially the Napoleon Bonaparte Broward Bridge) is a cable-stayed bridge over the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida on the Interstate 295 East Beltway. Construction began in 1985 and was completed in 1989. The main span is , and is high. The bridge was designed by HNTB Corporation and RS&H, Inc. The Massman Construction Company built the bridge. Design The bridge's cables are arranged on multiple vertical planes in a slight modification to the harp (parallel) stay arrangement. Main span cables are paired to anchor into the tower in a vertical plane while side span cables pair up to anchor in a horizontal plane such that four cables anchor in each tower at approximately the same elevation. Superlatives Until the 2003 completion of the Sidney Lanier Bridge in Brunswick, Georgia, the Dames Point Bridge was the only bridge in the United States to feature the harp stay arrangement. It remains one of the largest cable-stayed bridges in the Uni ...
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Jacksonville Transportation Authority
The Jacksonville Transportation Authority (JTA) is the independent agency responsible for public transit in the city of Jacksonville, Florida, and roadway infrastructure that connects northeast Florida. However, they do not maintain any roadways. In , the system had a ridership of , or about per weekday as of . History In 1955, the Florida Legislature established the Jacksonville Expressway Authority. Its responsibility was limited to highways, bridges and tolls in Duval County until 1971, when the Jacksonville Transportation Authority was formed by a merger of the Jacksonville Expressway Authority with several private bus companies. Governance The JTA is governed by a seven-member Board of Directors. The mayor of Jacksonville appoints three members who must be confirmed by the Jacksonville City Council; the Florida Governor appoints three members who must be confirmed by the Florida Senate. Each member serves a four-year, unpaid term and can be re-appointed for a second ter ...
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No-fault Insurance
In its broadest sense, no-fault insurance is any type of insurance contract under which the insured party is indemnified by their own insurance company for losses, regardless of the source of the cause of loss. In this sense, it is no different from first-party coverage. The term "no-fault" is most commonly used in the context of state or provincial automobile insurance laws in the United States, Canada, and Australia, wherein a policyholder and their passengers are reimbursed by the policyholder's own insurance company without proof of fault, and are restricted in their right to seek recovery through the civil-justice system for losses caused by other parties. No-fault insurance has the goal of lowering premium costs by avoiding expensive litigation over the causes of the collision, while providing quick payments for injuries or loss of property. Description No-fault systems generally exempt individuals from the usual liability for causing bodily injury if they do so in a car ...
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