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Bicolored Apples
Bicolored apple is a popular definition in the horticultural branch referring to apples characterized by a non-uniform skin color. Main cultivations are produced in Europe. The varieties considered to be bicolored include Gala, Champion, Idared, Ligol, Jonagored, Najdared and Gloster. Color and taste Apple color depends on many factors, which include weather conditions at the time of fruit ripening, temperature fluctuations between the day and night cycles, good insolation, and the soil composition. Bicolored apples that grow in certain regions of Europe, such as Grójec, are also characterized by a slight note of sourness, which results from the specific weather conditions, namely the ground frost occurring in that area during the autumn crop collection. Consumer preference studies In June 2014, ''European Fruit Magazine'' published the results of studies conducted by Katrin Korsten from the Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences in Germany. The object of the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insolation
Solar irradiance is the power per unit area (surface power density) received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument. Solar irradiance is measured in watts per square metre (W/m2) in SI units. Solar irradiance is often integrated over a given time period in order to report the radiant energy emitted into the surrounding environment (joule per square metre, J/m2) during that time period. This integrated solar irradiance is called solar irradiation, solar exposure, solar insolation, or insolation. Irradiance may be measured in space or at the Earth's surface after atmospheric absorption and scattering. Irradiance in space is a function of distance from the Sun, the solar cycle, and cross-cycle changes.Michael Boxwell, ''Solar Electricity Handbook: A Simple, Practical Guide to Solar Energy'' (2012), p. 41–42. Irradiance on the Earth's surface additionally depends on the tilt of the measuring surface, the height ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post Harvest Freshness
In agriculture, postharvest handling is the stage of crop production immediately following harvest, including cooling, cleaning, sorting and packing. The instant a crop is removed from the ground, or separated from its parent plant, it begins to deteriorate. Postharvest treatment largely determines final quality, whether a crop is sold for fresh consumption, or used as an ingredient in a processed food product. Goals The most important goals of post-harvest handling are keeping the product cool, to avoid moisture loss and slow down undesirable chemical changes, and avoiding physical damage such as bruising, to delay spoilage. Sanitation is also an important factor, to reduce the possibility of pathogens that could be carried by fresh produce, for example, as residue from contaminated washing water. After the field, post-harvest processing is usually continued in a packing house. This can be a simple shed, providing shade and running water, or a large-scale, sophisticated, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sweetness
Sweetness is a Taste#Basic tastes, basic taste most commonly Perception, perceived when eating foods rich in sugars. Sweet tastes are generally regarded as pleasure, pleasurable. In addition to sugars like sucrose, many other chemical compounds are sweet, including aldehydes, ketones, and sugar alcohols. Some are sweet at very low concentrations, allowing their use as non-caloric sugar substitutes. Such Sugar substitute, non-sugar sweeteners include saccharin and aspartame. Other compounds, such as miraculin, may alter perception of sweetness itself. The perceived intensity of sugars and high-potency sweeteners, such as Aspartame and Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone, are heritable, with gene effect accounting for approximately 30% of the variation. The chemoreceptor, chemosensory basis for detecting sweetness, which varies between both individuals and species, has only begun to be understood since the late 20th century. One theoretical model of sweet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niederrhein University Of Applied Sciences
Niederrhein may refer to: *Lower Rhine, the northernmost German section of the river Rhine *Lower Rhine region, a region around the Lower Rhine section of the river Rhine in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany *Niederrhein Airport or Weeze Airport, airport near Weeze in the Lower Rhine region of Germany *"Niederrhein", a 1990 song by Austrian musician Herwig Mitteregger Herwig Rudolf Mitteregger (born September 6, 1953) is an Austrian musician. He became known with the Nina Hagen Band, where he played drums and percussions. He lives in Hamburg, Germany. He was also a member of German rock band Spliff. After two ... {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katrin Korsten
Katrin is a feminine given name. It is a German and Swedish contracted form of Katherine. Katrin may refer to: Sports *Katrin Apel (born 1973), German biathlete * Katrin Beinroth (born 1981), German judoka *Katrin Borchert (born 1969), German-born Australian sprint canoer *Katrín Davíðsdóttir (born 1993), Icelandic CrossFit athlete *Katrin Dörre-Heinig (born 1961), German long-distance runner *Katrin Engel (born 1984), Austrian handball player *Katrin Green (born 1985), German Paralympian track and field athlete *Katrin Käärt (born 1983), Estonian athletics sprinter * Katrin Kauschke (born 1971), German field hockey player * Katrin Kieseler, German-born, Australian sprint canoer * Katrin Kliehm (born 1981), German football player *Katrin Krabbe (born 1969), German athlete *Katrin Krüger (born 1959), German handball player *Katrin Loo (born 1991), Estonian footballer * Katrin Mattscherodt (born 1981), German long track speed skater *Katrin Meissner (born 1973), German fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idared (2)
Idared is a type of apple cultivar from Moscow, Idaho, United States. Variety is characterized by a non-uniform skin color. First developed at the University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station in 1942; it is a cross between two apple varieties ( Jonathan x Wagener). The Idared has a white flesh with a firm body, and is tart and juicy. For these reasons, it is very well suited for making apple sauces, pies, and cakes. Idared is harvested at the end of September to the middle of October. It remains hardy and durable until the end of January, and can even last until June with proper storage. According to the US Apple Association website it is one of the fifteen most popular apple cultivars in the United States. Parentage Descendants: *Pia (Idared x Elios) *Piflora (Idared x Golden Delicious 'Golden Delicious' is a cultivar of apple. It is one of the 15 most popular apple cultivars in the United States. It is not closely related to 'Red Delicious'. History Golden D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crop
A crop is a plant that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. When the plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale, it is called a crop. Most crops are cultivated in agriculture or hydroponics. Crops may include macroscopic fungus (e.g. mushrooms) and marine macroalga (e.g. seaweed), some of which are grown in aquaculture. Most crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock. Some crops are gathered from the wild often in a form of intensive gathering (e.g. ginseng, yohimbe, and eucommia). Important non-food crops include horticulture, floriculture and industrial crops. Horticulture crops include plants used for other crops (e.g. fruit trees). Floriculture crops include bedding plants, houseplants, flowering garden and pot plants, cut cultivated greens, and cut flowers. Industrial crops are produced for clothing ( fiber crops e.g. cotton), biofuel ( energy crops, algae fuel), or medicine ( medicinal plants). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autumn
Autumn, also known as fall in American English and Canadian English, is one of the four temperate seasons on Earth. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, in September ( Northern Hemisphere) or March ( Southern Hemisphere). Autumn is the season when the duration of daylight becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools considerably. Day length decreases and night length increases as the season progresses until the Winter Solstice in December (Northern Hemisphere) and June (Southern Hemisphere). One of its main features in temperate climates is the striking change in colour for the leaves of deciduous trees as they prepare to shed. Date definitions Some cultures regard the autumnal equinox as "mid-autumn", while others with a longer temperature lag treat the equinox as the start of autumn. In the English-speaking world of high latitude countries, autumn traditionally began with Lammas Day and ended around Hallowe'en, the approxima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frost
Frost is a thin layer of ice on a solid surface, which forms from water vapor in an above-freezing atmosphere coming in contact with a solid surface whose temperature is below freezing, and resulting in a phase change from water vapor (a gas) to ice (a solid) as the water vapor reaches the freezing point. In temperate climates, it most commonly appears on surfaces near the ground as fragile white crystals; in cold climates, it occurs in a greater variety of forms. The propagation of crystal formation occurs by the process of nucleation. The ice crystals of frost form as the result of fractal process development. The depth of frost crystals varies depending on the amount of time they have been accumulating, and the concentration of the water vapor (humidity). Frost crystals may be invisible (black), clear (translucent), or white; if a mass of frost crystals scatters light in all directions, the coating of frost appears white. Types of frost include crystalline frost (hoar fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sourness
The gustatory system or sense of taste is the sensory system that is partially responsible for the perception of taste (flavor). Taste is the perception produced or stimulated when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue. Taste, along with olfaction and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food and other substances. Humans have taste receptors on taste buds and other areas, including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis. The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of taste. The tongue is covered with thousands of small bumps called papillae, which are visible to the naked eye. Within each papilla are hundreds of taste buds. The exception to this is the filiform papillae that do not contain taste buds. There are between 2000 and 5000Boron, W.F., E.L. Boulpaep. 2003. Medical Physiology. 1st ed. Elsevie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
