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Bhaiband
Bhaiband, meaning “brotherhood”, are a Hindu jāti within the Sindhi caste of India and Pakistan. History The Sindh region was ruled by various Muslim dynasties from 711 until the conquest by the British in 1843, when it became a part of Bombay Presidency. During that period, Hindus were a significant minority of the population although accurate figures continued to be unavailable until after 1947. Mark-Anthony Falzon notes that, "Due to the shifting criteria of categorisation and the complex politics of census in general, the decennial colonial censuses of pre-independence Sindh must be read with caution." Of these Hindus, most were broadly designated as members of the Lohana caste, with the exceptions being those considered to be Bhatias or Brahmins. Although some now considered to be Vaishya in the Hindu ritual ranking system known as varna, the Lohanas trace their origin as members of the Lohana varna from Raghuvanshi clan. Among the Lohana jatis - a social grouping b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyderabad, Sindh
Hyderabad ( Sindhi and ur, ; ) is a city and the capital of Hyderabad Division in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the second-largest city in Sindh, and the eighth largest in Pakistan. Founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty, Hyderabad served as a provincial capital until the British transferred the capital to Bombay presidency in 1840. It is about inland of Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan, to which it is connected by a direct railway and M-9 motorway. Toponymy The city was named in honour of Ali, the fourth caliph and cousin of the Prophet Muhammad. Hyderabad's name translates literally as "Lion City"—from ''haydar'', meaning "lion," and '' ābād'', which is a suffix indicating a settlement. "Lion" references Ali's valour in battle, and so he is often referred to as ''Ali Haydar'', roughly meaning "Ali the Lionheart," by South Asian Muslims. History Founding The River Indus was changing course around 1757, resulting in perio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lohana
Lohana, also referred to as Loharana, Thakkar and Lohrana, are an Indian trading or mercantile ''jāti''. Lohanas claim to be descendants of the Lava, son of Rama, and to descend from the Raghuvanshi dynasty.Lachaier, Pierre. "Cérémonies D'hommage à Sarasvatī Et Aides à L'éducation Chez Les Lohāṇā De Pune." Bulletin De L'École Française D'Extrême-Orient 94 (2007): 27-58. Accessed November 2, 2020. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43733204. The Lohanas are divided into many separate cultural groups as a result of centuries apart in different regions. Thus there are significant differences between the culture, language, professions and societies of Gujarati Lohanas, Sindhi Lohanas, and Kutchi Lohanas. Origin According to historian Richard Burton, Lohanas originate in Lohanpur in Multan district of Punjab (now in Pakistan). Matthew A. Cook adds that according to Burton, Lohana's largely Punjabi origin can be considered on basis of "features and manners, ceremonies and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purswani
The "Vasnani" and "Purswani" family is a branch of the Bhambrai Bradri grouping of families, which is the largest grouping among the Khudabadi Sonara community. In the present day, the majority of them live in Jaipur, India. Etymology The surname ''Purswani'' is derived from the name of their ancestor ''Pursumal'', son of Nebhraj Jethmal Bhambrai; the family can be traced back seven generations. The Purswani family falls under the Bhambrai Bradri Nukh Dandi Proll. The words “Dandi Proll” are derived from Dandakaranya. History From Lahore to Aror The ancestors of the families of Bhambrai Bradri were Lohana, as part of Sindhi Hindu community. Around 1200 BC, this group migrated from Luvana (near modern Lahore) together with some of Shavi Aryas to Aror (present day Sukkur), in Sindh. They settled near the banks of the Sindhu River and lived there till 962 AD. From Vedic times till 710 AD, all residents of Sindh were Hindus and Sindh was ruled by the Hindus. In the year 711, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amils
The Amils () are a caste of Sindhis. The word "Amil" has its origin in the Persian word ''"amal"'' (as "administer"). Amils used to work in Administration in Government services. Amils and Bhaibands were the communities that were one of the earliest to take up English education during British colonial rule. They were, along with the Parsis, the closest to the British and were regularly sent to Britain in order to seal business deals on behalf of the East India Company. Amils in Sindh Amongst Sindhi Hindus, socially this clan ranks first in the hierarchical ranking among followed by Bhaiband. The Amils held the highest administrative offices under Muslim rulers, beginning in the mid-eighteenth century. They speak Sindhi. In 1938, Amils were primarily bankers, clerks, and minor officials . Amils are by no means the wealthiest in the Sindhi community but are highly educated professionals, often to this day. Notable Amils include * LK Advani: Politician * Ram Jethmalani (192 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khudabad
Khudabad ( sd, خدا آباد, ur, ) is a city in Dadu District, Sindh, Pakistan. It served as capital of the Kalhora dynasty between 1719 and 1768, when the capital was shifted to Hyderabad. Geography It is located at 26°39'0N 67°45'0E with an altitude of 31 metres (104 feet) and lies to the south of the district capital Dadu. Demography The population of Khudabad is 75,000. The ethnic groups are Sindhis and Balochis. The population is predominantly Muslim with a small Hindu minority. History Beginning with the conquest of Sindh by Muhammad bin Qasim and Habbari dynasty, and later under the influence of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empires which ruled the region, Sindh became predominantly Muslim due to missionary activity of Sufi saints who converted Hindus en masse to Islam. There are a large number of dargah shrines which dot the landscape of Sindh. Around 1710 AD Yar Muhammad Kalhoro along with his army, captured Khudabad from the Panhwar. Around 1718 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khudabadi Script
Khudabadi (देवदेन/ Devden) was a script used to write the Sindhi language, generally used by some Sindhi Hindus even in the present-day. The script originates from Khudabad, a city in Sindh, and is named after it. It is also known as ''Hathvanki (or Warangi)'' script. Khudabadi is one of the four scripts used for writing Sindhi, the others being Perso-Arabic, Khojki and Devanagari script. It was used by traders and merchants to record their information and rose to importance as the script began to be used to record information kept secret from other non-Sindhi groups. History The Khudabadi script has roots in the Brahmi script, like most Indian, Tibetan, and Southeast Asian languages. It appears different from other Indic scripts such as Bengali, Odia, Gurmukhi or Devanagari, but a closer examination reveals they are similar except for angles and structure.George Cardona and Danesh Jain (2003), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, , pages 72-74 The Khudabadi s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahiti
Sahiti may refer to: Surname * Naser Sahiti (* 1966), Kosovan professor and rector of the University Prishtina Group/Caste Sahitis or Sahta are sub group/caste of Lohana community Sahitis(also known as ''Sahitas'' or ''Sayta'') and, together with the Amils and Bhaiband, form one of the three major groups of Lohana caste in Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ..., Pakistan. Sahitis are mostly in occupied in supplying dry fruit, general foodstuff and textiles. References {{reflist Surnames Lohana Social groups of Pakistan Sindhi people Sindhi tribes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jagir
A jagir ( fa, , translit=Jāgir), also spelled as jageer, was a type of feudal land grant in the Indian subcontinent at the foundation of its Jagirdar (Zamindar) system. It developed during the Islamic rule era of the Indian subcontinent, starting in the early 13th century, wherein the powers to govern and collect tax from an estate was granted to an appointee of the state.Jāgīrdār system: INDIAN TAX SYSTEM Encyclopædia Britannica (2009) The tenants were considered to be in the servitude of the jagirdar. There were two forms of jagir, one being conditional and the other unconditional. The conditional jagir required the governing family to maintain troops and provide their service to the state when asked. The land grant w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zamindaar
A zamindar ( Hindustani: Devanagari: , ; Persian: , ) in the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semiautonomous ruler of a province. The term itself came into use during the reign of Mughals and later the British had begun using it as a native synonym for “estate”. The term means ''land owner'' in Persian. Typically hereditary, from whom they reserved the right to collect tax on behalf of imperial courts or for military purposes. During the period of British colonial rule in India many wealthy and influential zamindars were bestowed with princely and royal titles such as ''maharaja'' (great king), ''raja/rai'' (king) and ''nawab''. During the Mughal Empire, zamindars belonged to the nobility and formed the ruling class. Emperor Akbar granted them mansabs and their ancestral domains were treated as jagirs. Some zamindars who were Hindu by religion and brahmin or kayastha or kshatriya by caste were converted into Muslims by the Mughals. During the colonial era, the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tando Adam Khan
Tando Adam ( ur, ; sd, ٽنڊو آدم) is a city in Sindh, Pakistan. It was formerly under Nawab Shah district (now known as Shaheed Benazir Abad District) until 1955 and later became part of Sanghar District. It is the 57th largest city in Pakistan, Tando Adam was founded by Mir Adam Khan Mari, which is called "cantonment" for "Tando" in Balochi. Tando Adam is known for its industries and its agriculture; crops raised nearby include sugar-cane, wheat, cotton, bananas, and mangoes. It is the most populous city of Sanghar District with a population of 152,025 according to the 2017 census. There is also new housing scheme expended the city towards. Like Satellite town, Lake city Tandoadam, Green city, hilltop and many others housing schemes expended the Tandoadam. Overview Tando Adam has number of ancient sites, including mosques and Hindu temples. The shrine of the poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai is located from Tando Adam. Now Tando Adam has a medical college namely;'Sule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nawabshah
Nawabshah ( sd, نوابشاھ, ur, ) is a tehsil and headquarters of the Shaheed Benazirabad District of Sindh province, Pakistan. This city is situated in the middle of Sindh province. It is the 27th largest city in Pakistan. Nawabshah Tehsil (formerly known as Nasrat Tehsil from 1907 to 1909) was established in 1907 by the British government. The tehsil was a part of Hyderabad district (1907 - 1912). On 1 November 1912 Nawabshah was upgraded to a district status of Sind Division. In 1909, Syed Nawab Ali Shah donated 200 acres of land to British government for construction of a town railway station and 60 acres of land for construction of buildings of district and taluka offices free of cost. To commemorate this, the British government then changed the name of Nasrat town to Nawabshah town Area and population 2014 Climate Nawabshah has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification ''BWh''). The city is considered one of the hottest cities in Pakistan, with summ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindu
Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent. The term ''"Hindu"'' traces back to Old Persian which derived these names from the Sanskrit name ''Sindhu'' (सिन्धु ), referring to the river Indus. The Greek cognates of the same terms are "''Indus''" (for the river) and "''India''" (for the land of the river). The term "''Hindu''" also implied a geographic, ethnic or cultural identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent around or beyond the Sindhu (Indus) River. By the 16th century CE, the term began to refer to residents of the subcontinent who were not Turkic or Muslims. Hindoo is an archaic spelling variant, whose use today is considered derogatory. The historical development of Hindu self-identity within the local In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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