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Baum Group
The Baum Group was an anti-Nazi resistance group in Berlin, Germany. The Group's members were mostly Communist, Jewish, and young with many being teenagers or young adults. The group printed and distributed anti-Nazi literature and organized activities. Its members were executed for setting fire to ''Das Sowjetparadies'' (The Soviet Paradise), an anti-Soviet exhibit in Berlin's Lustgarten. Founding The Baum Group was founded by Herbert Baum in 1936, 1937 or 1938 depending on the source. Herbert Baum was active in the Communist Youth Federation (KJVD), but was pushed out of mainstream Communist organizations including the Communist Party of Germany because he was Jewish. Through his connections, Baum organized a group of like-minded individuals to undertake anti-Nazi activities. Most members of Baum's group were Jewish and young. The average age of the members was 22. Baum's wife, Marianne, was a central figure in the group. By 1938, the group had 100 members. Herbert and Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. Berlin's urban area, which has a population of around 4.5 million, is the second most populous urban area in Germany after the Ruhr. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions. Berlin straddles the banks of the Spree, which flows into the Havel (a tributary of the Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. Among the city's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree, Havel and Dahme, the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee. Due to its l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hildegard Jadamowitz
Hildegard Jadamowitz (February 12, 1916, Berlin – August 18, 1942, Plötzensee Prison), was a German communist activist and a member of the German resistance against National Socialism. She joined the League of Young Communist League of Germany at the age of 15. After she was arrested and released by the police, she joined a resistance movement led by Herbert Baum, and there met her future companion, Werner Steinbrinck. With his help, she wrote flyers and tried to establish links with other resistance organizations, in order to create an "anti-fascist front". In May 1942, she took part in an arson attack on the anticommunist and anti-Semitic propaganda ''The Soviet Paradise'', organized in the Lustgarten by the NSDAP The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported t .... The atta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were carried out in pogroms and mass shootings; by a policy of extermination through labor in concentration camps; and in gas chambers and gas vans in German extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bełżec, Chełmno, Majdanek, Sobibór, and Treblinka in occupied Poland. Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's appointment as chancellor on 30 January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed "undesirable", starting with Dachau on 22 March 1933. After the passing of the Enabling Act on 24 March, which gave Hitler dictatorial plenary powers, the government began isolating Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suzanne Wesse
Suzanne Vasseur Wesse (January 16, 1914 – August 18, 1942) was a French member of the resistance during World War II. She was a member of the Baum Group, a collaborative anti-Nazi resistance organization. Wesse was executed by the Nazis in 1942 for her activities. Life Wesse was born Suzanne Vasseur in Calais, Calais, France. Her father owned a lace-making company. She had three brothers, Amand, Auguste and André. Wesse attended school in England, Spain and Berlin. In 1934, Wesse worked at a Jewish-owned clothing company in Berlin where she met Richard Wesse, an engineer. Richard was half Jewish. The two married in 1936 and their daughter, Katharina, was born on April 15, 1937. Wesse worked as a Freelancer, freelance translator until 1937. Wesse met Herbert Baum through her husband's cousin. Baum was the Jewish leader of a communist-leaning anti-Nazi organization known as the Baum Group. The group printed and distributed anti-Nazi literature and organized activities. Wes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanni Meyer
Hanni Lindenberger Meyer (February 14, 1921 to March 4 1943) was a Jewish resistance fighter during World War II. She was a member of the Baum Group, a collaborative anti-Nazi resistance organization. Meyer was executed by the Nazis in 1943 for her activities. Life Meyer was born in Hanni Lindenberger in Berlin, Germany to Adolf and Dora Lindenberger. She had an older brother, Manfred (1914-2008). After her schooling, Meyer trained in the millinery trade. She also prepared to become a kindergarten teacher, but was forced to halt her training due to anti-Jewish laws put in place by the Nazi party. Meyer joined the Ring-Bund jüdischer Jugend, a Jewish youth group and was active in Jewish and political activities. In the 1930s, she joined the Baum group, a mostly Jewish anti-Nazi group led by Herbert Baum. The group printed and distributed anti-Nazi literature and organized activities. Meyer was forced to work at the Paulus lamp-shade factory. She married Gerd Meyer, anoth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hildegard Löwy
Hildegard Löwy (b.1922 - 4 March 1943) was a Jewish German office worker who became involved in anti-Nazi resistance. She was guillotined at Plötzensee Prison. Life Hildegard Löwy was born in Berlin. She grew up with her parents and her younger sister, Eva, at the family home alongside the city's Luitpoldstrasse. Erich Loewy, her father, had participated in the First World War as a frontline soldier and, not withstanding the family's Jewish provenance, could not bring himself to leave Germany with his family despite the progressive intensification of state mandated antisemitism after 1933. As a child she was involved in a tram accident in which she lost an arm. After that she was dependent on a prosthesis in place of her right arm. Löwy enrolled at junior school locally when she was six moving on to a Jewish middle school when she was ten. There was at least one more enforced change of school, and by the time she passed her school leaving exams (Abitur) in 1940 she had bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sala Kochmann
Sala Rosenbaum Kochman (June 7, 1912- August 18, 1942) was a Jews, Jewish resistance fighter during World War II. She was an early member of the Baum Group, a collaborative anti-Nazi resistance organization. Kochman was executed by the Nazis in 1942 in Berlin for her activities. Life Kochmann was born Sala Rosenbaum in Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland. She later lived in Berlin, studied to be a kindergarten teacher, and worked at a nursery school. Sala married Martin Kochmann in 1938. Kochmann was one of the first members of the Baum Group, an anti-Nazi resistance group founded by Herbert Baum. The group printed and distributed anti-Nazi literature and organized activities. On May 18, 1942, Sala and Martin Kochmann and other members of the Baum Group along with members of another anti-Nazi group Baum Group#Activities, set fire to ''Das Sowjetparadies'' (The Soviet Paradise), an anti-Soviet exhibit in Berlin's Lustgarten. Sala Kochmann was arrested on May 23, 1942. She jumped out of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Kochmann
Martin Kochman (October 30, 1912- September 8, 1943) was a Jewish resistance fighter during World War II. He was an early member of the Baum Group, a collaborative anti-Nazi resistance organization. Kochman was executed by the Nazis on September 8, 1943, at Berlin-Plötzensee prison. Life Kochmann was born in Wongrowitz, a town in Poland. He moved to Berlin, Germany with his family in 1921. His father was a butcher and his mother was a seamstress. After his schooling, Kochmann completed a commercial apprenticeship. Kochmann was Jewish. He joined the Communist Youth League of Germany with in 1933 along with some Jewish friends. In 1934, he was charged with illegal activities, but was released due to a lack of evidence. Kochmann married Sala Rosenbaum in 1938. Sala and Martin Kochmann were an early members of the Baum Group The Baum Group was an anti-Nazi resistance group in Berlin, Germany. The Group's members were mostly Communist, Jewish, and young with many being tee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marianne Joachim
Marianne Joachim (born Marianna/Marianne Prager: 5 November 1921 - 4 March 1943) was a Jewish German resistance activist during the Nazi years. She was executed at Plötzensee on 4 March 1943 following an arson attack the previous summer on the party propaganda department's (ironically named) "Soviet Paradise" exhibition in Berlin's "Lustgarten" pleasure park. Life Marianne Prager grew up in Berlin. Georg Prager, her father, was a building worker. After successfully completing her schooling she trained as a child carer at the Jewish orphanage in the city centre (''Gipsstraße''). In Summer 1940 she was forced to give up this profession, however, when she was required by the authorities to relocate to Rathenow where she became a forced labourer in the agriculture sector. Marianne Prager married Heinz Joachim on 22 August 1941. Both Marianne's parents had been classified by the authorities as Jewish. Her newly acquired father in law was also identified as Jewish althoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charlotte Holzer
Charlotte Abraham Päch Holzer (December 7, 1909-September 29, 1980) was a Jewish resistance fighter during World War II. She was a member of the Baum Group, a collaborative anti-Nazi resistance organization. Life Holzer was born Charlotte Abraham in Berlin, Germany. She trained to become a nurse at the Jewish infants’ home in Niederschönhausen and then worked as a nurse in the Jewish hospital on Iranische Strasse. In the early 1930's, Holzer joined a Communist cell that had formed at the hospital. In 1932 or 1933 she married Gustav Päch, a communist who lectured in study groups. The couple had a daughter named Eva the same year they were married. Päch was arrested for in August of 1933. He served a 16-month sentence for conspiracy. The couple separated after his release. Holzer met Herbert Baum in 1940 when he was a patient at the hospital where she worked. Baum was the Jewish leader of an anti-Nazi resistance group that became known as the Baum Group. The group printe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lustgarten
The ' () is a park on Museum Island in central Berlin, near the site of the former () of which it was originally a part. At various times in its history, the park has been used as a parade ground, a place for mass rallies and a public park. The area of the Lustgarten was originally developed in the 16th century as a kitchen garden attached to the Palace, then the residence of the Elector of Brandenburg, the core of the later Kingdom of Prussia. After the devastation of Germany during the Thirty Years War, Berlin was redeveloped by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, Friedrich Wilhelm (the Great Elector) and his Dutch wife, Luise Henriette of Nassau. It was Luise, with the assistance of a military engineer Johann Mauritz and a landscape gardener Michael Hanff, who, in 1646, converted the former kitchen garden into a formal garden, with fountains and geometric paths, and gave it its current name. In 1713, Frederick William I of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm I became King of Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hella Hirsch
Hella Hirsch (6 March 1921 - 4 March 1943) was a Jewish resistance fighter during World War II. She was a member of the Baum Group, a collaborative anti-Nazi resistance organization. Hirsch was executed for her role on in the Baum Group's arson attack against an anti-Soviet exhibition in Berlin. Life Hirsch was born in Poznań, Poznań, Poland. Her father was a transport worker and her mother was a housewife. She attended Margarethen-Lyceum School after which she attended Jewish middle school for one year. She went on to study commerce at the firm of Zeidler and Remark from 1937-1939. Hirsch worked as a receptionist for local doctor, Fritz Hirschfeld. Hirsch was a member of Ring, Bund Deutsch-Jüdischer Jugend (Ring Association of Jewish Youth), a Jewish Social organization that was forced to disband in 1937. The group's leader was Judith Kozminski. Hirsch was forced by the Nazis to work at the IG Farben, IG Farben's Aceta chemical works in Rummelsburg, Berlin-Rummelsburg start ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
