|
Barricades Of Parma
The Parma Barricades (''Barricate di Parma''), also known as the siege of Parma, were a series of battles between anti-fascist forces of the ''Arditi del Popolo'' and the Proletarian Defense Formations against the fascist Squadristi in August 1922. History Background On July 31, 1922, the Alleanza del Lavoro, a union of those who were left-wing trade unions before the advent of the regime, called a legal strike "against fascist violence" and "the indifference of the state towards them". The news leaked ahead of time and Mussolini was able to organize an early resistance by sending a very secret circular to all the federations of the National Fascist Party (PNF): If the government fails to crush it within forty-eight hours from the proclamation of the strike, the fascists will provide for the need directly. The fascists must, after the aforementioned period of forty-eight hours, and provided that the strike persists, aim at the capitals of their respective provinces and occu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fascist And Anti-Fascist Violence In Italy (1919–1926)
The Kingdom of Italy witnessed significant widespread civil unrest and political strife in the aftermath of World War I and the rise of the Far-right Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini which opposed the rise of the international left, especially the far-left along with others who opposed Fascism. History Fascists and communists fought on the streets during this period as the two factions competed to gain power in Italy. The already tense political environment in Italy escalated into major civil unrest when Fascists began attacking their rivals, beginning on April 15, 1919 with Fascists attacking the offices of the Italian Socialist Party's newspaper '' Avanti!''. Violence grew in 1921 with Royal Italian Army officers beginning to assist the Fascists with their violence against communists and socialists. With the Fascist movement growing, anti-fascists of various political allegiances (but generally of the international left) combined into the Arditi del Popolo (People' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blackshirts
The Voluntary Militia for National Security ( it, Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts ( it, Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: ) or (singular: ), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule, similar to the SA. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms (modelled on those of the ''Arditi'', Italy's elite troops of World War I) and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the ''Duce'' (leader) of Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents.Bosworth, R. J. B, ''Mussolini's Italy: Life Under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-fascism In Italy
Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were opposed by many countries forming the Allies of World War II and dozens of resistance movements worldwide. Anti-fascism has been an element of movements across the political spectrum and holding many different political positions such as anarchism, communism, pacifism, republicanism, social democracy, socialism and syndicalism as well as centrist, conservative, liberal and nationalist viewpoints. Fascism, a far-right ultra-nationalistic ideology best known for its use by the Italian Fascists and the Nazis, became prominent beginning in the 1910s while organization against fascism began around 1920. Fascism became the state ideology of Italy in 1922 and of Germany in 1933, spurring a large increase in anti-fascist action, including German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1922 In Italy
Events from the year 1922 in Italy. Kingdom of Italy *Monarch – Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III (1900–1946) *Prime Minister of Italy, Prime Minister – *# Ivanoe Bonomi (1921–1922) *# Luigi Facta (1922) *# Benito Mussolini (1922–1943) *Demographics of Italy, Population – 38,196,000 Events The year 1922 is characterized by the rise to power of the Italian Fascism, fascists and the nomination of Benito Mussolini as Prime Minister, the beginning of Kingdom of Italy#Fascist regime (1922–1943), Fascist regime (1922–1943) in Italy. January * January 22 – Pope Benedict XV dies.Body of Pope Benedict XV Lies In State The New York Times, 23 January 1922 * January 26 – Italian forces occupy Misrata in Italian Libya, Libya. The Pacification of Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian People's Party (1919)
The Italian People's Party ( it, Partito Popolare Italiano, PPI), also translated as Italian Popular Party, was a Christian-democratic political party in Italy inspired by Catholic social teaching. It was active in the 1920s, but fell apart because it was deeply split between the pro- and anti-fascist elements. Its platform called for an elective Senate, proportional representation, corporatism, agrarian reform, women's suffrage, political decentralization, independence of the Catholic Church, and social legislation. History The Italian People's Party was cofounded in 1919 by Luigi Sturzo, a Sicilian Catholic priest. The PPI was backed by Pope Benedict XV to oppose the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). The party supported various social reforms, including the foundations of a welfare state, women's suffrage and Proportional representation voting. In the 1919 general election, the first in which the PPI took part, the party won 20.5% of the vote and 100 seats in the Chambe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Il Piccolo
''Il Piccolo'' is the main daily newspaper of Trieste, Italy. Its name derives from the paper's original ''small'' format. History and profile ''Il Piccolo'' was founded by Teodoro Mayer in 1881. He was also the owner and editor-in-chief of the paper. Mayer and other people who were instrumental in the establishment of the paper were right-wing pro-Italians. Mayer supported the idea that Trieste was part of Italy. One of its contributors was Carolina Luzzatto who was a supporter of this view. ''Il Piccolo'' ceased publication at the beginning of World War I and was relaunched in 1919. Following the beginning of the Fascist rule in Italy the paper declared its adherence to the Fascist ideology in 1923. Until the end of World War II the paper was edited by those with fascist political leaning. ''Il Piccolo'' is based in Trieste and it is published by Finegil Editoriale SPA which has been a subsidiary of Gruppo Espresso since 1998. Local editions for the towns of Monfalcone and Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michele Bianchi
Michele Bianchi (22 July 1882 – 3 February 1930) was an Italian revolutionary syndicalist leader who took a position in the Unione Italiana del Lavoro (UIL) He was among the founding members of the Fascist movement. He was widely seen as the dominant leader of the leftist, syndicalist wing of the National Fascist Party. He took an active role in the "interventionist left" where he "espoused an alliance between nationalism and syndicalism." He was one of the most influential politicians of the regime before his succumbing to tuberculosis in 1930. He was also one of the grand architects behind the " Great List" (''il listone'') which secured the parliamentary majority in favor of the fascists. Biography Socialism Bianchi was born in Belmonte Calabro (Calabria), in southern Italy. He studied law at the University of Rome, and dedicated himself from early on to journalism. He became a member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), and editor of the Party newspaper ''Avanti!'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Fascist Party
The National Fascist Party ( it, Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF) was a political party in Italy, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Italian Fascism and as a reorganization of the previous Italian Fasces of Combat. The party ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 when Fascists took power with the March on Rome until the fall of the Fascist regime in 1943, when Mussolini was deposed by the Grand Council of Fascism. It was succeeded, in the territories under the control of the Italian Social Republic, by the Republican Fascist Party, ultimately dissolved at the end of World War II. The National Fascist Party was rooted in Italian nationalismStanley G. Payne. A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. p. 106.Roger Griffin, "Nationalism" in Cyprian Blamires, ed., ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia'', vol. 2 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006), pp. 451–53. and the desire to restore and expand Italian territories, which Italian Fascists deemed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 1943, and " Duce" of Italian Fascism from the establishment of the Italian Fasces of Combat in 1919 until his execution in 1945 by Italian partisans. As dictator of Italy and principal founder of fascism, Mussolini inspired and supported the international spread of fascist movements during the inter-war period. Mussolini was originally a socialist politician and a journalist at the ''Avanti!'' newspaper. In 1912, he became a member of the National Directorate of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), but he was expelled from the PSI for advocating military intervention in World War I, in opposition to the party's stance on neutrality. In 1914, Mussolini founded a new journal, ''Il Popolo d'Italia'', and served in the Royal Italian Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alleanza Del Lavoro
Alleanza Assicurazioni is an Italian insurance company based in Milan. It was founded in Genoa in 1898 and refounded in Milan in 2013. The company is particularly active in the life insurance sector. Alleanza was controlled with a stake of around 50.4% by Assicurazioni Generali Assicurazioni Generali S.p.A. ( , ; meaning 'general insurances') or simply Generali Group is an Italian insurance company based in Trieste. As of 2019, it is the largest of its kind in Italy and among the top ten largest insurance companies in ... between 1933 and June 2009, when Generali announced plans to acquire the remainder of its shares. In the same year the business of Alleanza was injected into a new company Alleanza Toro. After the deal, Alleanza Assicurazioni along with Toro Assicurazioni were absorbed by the parent company. The merger was completed on 1 October. References External links * Financial services companies established in 1898 1898 establishments in Italy Financial servi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formazioni Di Difesa Proletaria
The Formazioni Di Difesa Proletaria () were Italian anti-fascist formations, born during the two-year Biennio Rosso period in Italy (1919–1920), later organized as a united front between 1921 and 1922. The birth of the workers' defense formations was contextual to the birth of the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento The ''Fasci Italiani di Combattimento'' ( en, Italian Fasces of Combat, link=yes, also translatable as ''"Italian Fighting Bands"'' or ''"Italian Fighting Leagues"'') was an Italian Fascist organization created by Benito Mussolini in 1919. It wa ..., created by Benito Mussolini, and to the presentation of their manifesto. See also * Italian resistance movement References 1919 in Italy 1920 in Italy Italian anti-fascists Political history of Italy Revolutions of 1917–1923 {{Italy-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parma
Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second most populous city in Emilia-Romagna after Bologna, the region's capital. The city is home to the University of Parma, one of the oldest universities in the world. Parma is divided into two parts by the stream of the same name. The district on the far side of the river is ''Oltretorrente''. Parma's Etruscan name was adapted by Romans to describe the round shield called '' Parma''. The Italian poet Attilio Bertolucci (born in a hamlet in the countryside) wrote: "As a capital city it had to have a river. As a little capital it received a stream, which is often dry", with reference to the time when the city was capital of the independent Duchy of Parma. History Prehistory Parma was already a built-up area in the Bronze Age. In the current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Fascist And Anti-Fascist Violence In Italy (1919–1926)")
