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Böstlingen
Böstlingen was a village in the old district (''Altkreis'') of Fallingbostel, located in the Heidmark in the north German state of Lower Saxony. In 1935/36 it was abandoned because the German Wehrmacht wanted to establish a major military training area, the ''Truppenübungsplatz Bergen'' on the heath and forest of the Heidmark. The inhabitants were forcibly resettled. History Böstlingen was first documented in 1378. In the Celle treasury register (''Schatzregister'') in 1438 there is mention of 3 farms at Böstlingen. For centuries heath farmers earned a living here by keeping moorland sheep, known as ''Heidschnucken''. Not until the 19th century, when they succeeded in breaking up the hardpan and cultivating arable land, did sheep farming decline. A parish was created, based on the village of Böstlingen, which included the neighbouring villages of Böstlingen, Fahrenholz, Pröbsten and Deil Deil is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the muni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heidmark
The Heidmark is an area of the Lüneburg Heath, much of which has not been accessible to the population since about 1935–1936. The establishment of a large military training area (''Truppenübungsplatzes Bergen'') by the German armed forces, the Wehrmacht, as part of their rearmament and preparation for war resulted in the evacuation of 24 villages and, since then the training area has been out-of-bounds to non-military personnel. Today it has become the Bergen-Hohne Training Area, the largest of its kind in Europe. Geographical location of the Heidmark The region of 'Heytmarke' was recorded in the Celle ''Vogtei'' registers as early as the 15th century. It belonged to the district office (''Amtsvogtei'') of Fallingbostel and comprised the parishes of Fallingbostel, Dorfmark, Meinerdingen and Düshorn including Ostenholz. Today it refers to the region between Fallingbostel, Soltau and Bergen which, since the creation of the military training area in 1935–1936 has been larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bergen-Hohne Training Area
Bergen-Hohne Training Area (German: ''NATO-Truppenübungsplatz Bergen'' or ''Schießplatz Bergen-Hohne'') is a NATO military training area in the southern part of the Lüneburg Heath, in the state of Lower Saxony in northern Germany. It covers an area of , which makes it the largest military training area in Germany. It was established by the German armed forces, the ''Wehrmacht'', in 1935. At the end of the Second World War it was taken over by British occupying forces and some of its facilities used as a liberation camp for survivors of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, which was located on the edge of the training area near the town of Bergen. Under British control, the training area was steadily expanded and, since the 1960s, has also been used by the German Armed Forces (''Bundeswehr'') and other NATO troops. Geography Location Bergen-Hohne Training Area is situated on both sides of the boundary between the districts of Heidekreis (formerly ''Soltau-Fallingbostel' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fahrenholz (Heidmark)
Fahrenholz was a village in the former district of Fallingbostel, located in the Heidmark in the German state of Lower Saxony. It was abandoned in 1935/1936 when the German Wehrmacht created the Bergen Training Area. Its inhabitants were resettled. History Fahrenholz lay in a valley and comprised several large farms. It was first mentioned in the records in 1226. For centuries the heath farmers lived off the land. Until the 19th century the keeping of moorland sheep, the ''Heidschnucke'' was the main source of income. Over the course of time Fahrenholz was incorporated into the parish of Böstlingen along with the villages of Pröbsten and Deil. At the time of its resettlement 208 people lived in the parish. Cultural monuments * Bronze Age tumuli * New Stone Age dolmen A dolmen () or portal tomb is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table". Most date from the ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pröbsten
Pröbsten was a village in the former district (''Altkreis'') of Fallingbostel, located in the Heidmark in the German state of Lower Saxony. Its inhabitants were resettled in 1935/36, because the German Wehrmacht wanted to establish a major military training area, the ''Truppenübungsplatz Bergen'' on the heathland and forest of the Heidmark. History Pröbsten was first mentioned in the records in 1337. It has been documented that there was a noble family named ''von Pröbsten''. Pröbsten was home to heath farmers. It is likely that the keeping of moorland sheep, known locally as ''Heidschnucken'', that were common in the area until the 19th century. Pröbsten was eventually grouped together with the villages of Fahrenholz and Deil into the parish of Böstlingen. At the time of the resettlement in 1935/36 208 inhabitants lived in Pröbsten. After the Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landkreis Fallingbostel
Heidekreis ("Heath district") is a district (''Landkreis'') in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Harburg, Lüneburg, Uelzen, Celle, Hanover, Nienburg, Verden and Rotenburg. History Historically the region belonged to the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg and its successor states. The district was established in 1977 by merging the former districts of Soltau and Fallingbostel as Soltau-Fallingbostel (). On 1 August 2011 it was renamed to Heidekreis. Geography The district includes the western half of the Lüneburg Heath (''Lüneburger Heide''). Since this landscape is so characteristic for the district, it calls itself "the Heath District". The capital is Bad Fallingbostel, although it has only 11,800 inhabitants and is only the fifth largest town in the district. Coat of arms The coat of arms displays: * in the upper half the heraldic lion of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg * in the lower half a megalithic grave Towns a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony (german: Niedersachsen ; nds, Neddersassen; stq, Läichsaksen) is a German state (') in northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state by land area, with , and fourth-largest in population (8 million in 2021) among the 16 ' federated as the Federal Republic of Germany. In rural areas, Northern Low Saxon and Saterland Frisian are still spoken, albeit in declining numbers. Lower Saxony borders on (from north and clockwise) the North Sea, the states of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, , Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia, and the Netherlands. Furthermore, the state of Bremen forms two enclaves within Lower Saxony, one being the city of Bremen, the other its seaport, Bremerhaven (which is a semi-enclave, as it has a coastline). Lower Saxony thus borders more neighbours than any other single '. The state's largest cities are state capital Hanover, Braunschweig (Brunswick), Lüneburg, Osnabrück, Oldenburg, Hildesheim, Salzgitt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wehrmacht
The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previously used term and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted. After the Nazi rise to power in 1933, one of Adolf Hitler's most overt and audacious moves was to establish the ''Wehrmacht'', a modern offensively-capable armed force, fulfilling the Nazi régime's long-term goals of regaining lost territory as well as gaining new territory and dominating its neighbours. This required the reinstatement of conscription and massive investment and defense spending on the arms industry. The ''Wehrmacht'' formed the heart of Germany's politico-military power. In the early part of the Second World War, the ''Wehrmacht'' employed combined arms tactics (close-cover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heidschnucke
The Heidschnucke is a group of three types of moorland sheep from northern Germany. Like a number of other types from Scandinavia and Great Britain, they are Northern European short-tailed sheep. The three breeds of Heidschnucke (in order of population size) are: * German Grey Heath () at www.heidschnucken-verband.de. Accessed on 19 Aug 2010. * ( or ) * White Horned Heath () The main breeding areas are the north German heathland and moors of the . That said, this sheep, which is easy to look after, may nowadays be found in all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hardpan
In soil science, agriculture and gardening, hardpan or soil pan is a dense layer of soil, usually found below the uppermost topsoil layer. There are different types of hardpan, all sharing the general characteristic of being a distinct soil layer that is largely impervious to water. Some hardpans are formed by deposits in the soil that fuse and bind the soil particles. These deposits can range from dissolved silica to matrices formed from iron oxides and calcium carbonate. Others are man-made, such as hardpan formed by compaction from repeated plowing, particularly with moldboard plows, or by heavy traffic or pollution. Formations Soil structure strongly affects its tendency to form a hard pan. One such common soil condition related to hardpan is soil pH. Acidic soils are most often affected due to the propensity of certain mineral salts, most notably iron and calcium, to form hard complexes with soil particles under acidic conditions. Another major determinant is the soil pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arable Land
Arable land (from the la, arabilis, "able to be ploughed") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.''Oxford English Dictionary'', "arable, ''adj''. and ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2013. Alternatively, for the purposes of agricultural statistics, the term often has a more precise definition: A more concise definition appearing in the Eurostat glossary similarly refers to actual rather than potential uses: "land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly, generally under a system of crop rotation". In Britain, arable land has traditionally been contrasted with pasturable land such as heaths, which could be used for sheep-rearing but not as farmland. Arable land area According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in 2013, the world's arable land amounted to 1.407 billion hectares, out of a total of 4.924 billion hectares of land used for agriculture. Arable land (hectares per person) Non-arable land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deil (Heidmark)
Deil was a farm in the old district (''Altkreis'') of Fallingbostel, located in the Heidmark region in the north German state of Lower Saxony. In 1935/36 the farm was commandeered by the barracks built in the vicinity and served as an officers mess. There were probably several farms in a village called Deil in former times. Deil Farm (''Hof Deil'') belonged to the parish of Bockhorn and was its largest farmstead. The last owner sold wood, but could not avoid going bankrupt. History Heath farmers lived in Deil. Their main source of income until the 19th century was the keeping of moorland sheep known locally as ''Heidschnucke The Heidschnucke is a group of three types of moorland sheep from northern Germany. Like a number of other types from Scandinavia and Great Britain, they are Northern European short-tailed sheep. The three breeds of Heidschnucke (in order of popu ...n''. Sources * Hinrich Baumann: ''Die Heidmark - Wandel einer Landschaft. Geschichte des Truppenübungsplatz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Stuhlmacher
Hans Albert Alexander Louis Carl Stuhlmacher (1892–1962) was a German pedagogue, Wehrmacht officer and local historian. Life and works Hans Stuhlmacher was born on 16 May 1892 in Lüneburg, the son of a district court chancery clerk (''Landgerichtskanzlist''), Friedrich Stuhlmacher, and his wife, Emma, née Ebbeke. On 11 November 1915 he married Margarethe Klinkhardt, by whom he had a son, Hans Georg. At the end of 1940 Hans Stuhlmacher was called up for Wehrmacht service for the second time. In late 1943 he reached the rank of major. For many years Stuhlmacher was headmaster of the senior boy's grammar school in Walsrode and district local history curator of the old district of Fallingbostel. He died in Walsrode on 26 February 1962, shortly before the publication of his book, the ''Geschichte der Stadt Walsrode'' ("History of the Town of Walsrode") in September that year. Works * ''Chronik des Kreises Fallingbostel. Der Zeitabschnitt von 1866-1900.'' Gronemann, Walsrode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
