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Béarnese Dialect
Béarnese ( endonym or ) designates the whole of the Occitano-Romance languages of Béarn. Linguistics does not distinguish Béarnese from Gascon; these languages form a homogeneous whole within the Pyrenees-Atlantic-Garonne triangle. The originality of Béarnese lies in the history of Béarn, a viscounty that became a sovereign principality under Gaston Fébus. From the middle of the 13th century until the French Revolution, Béarnese was the institutional language of this territory. The scripta defined by the administrative and judicial acts was adopted outside the limits of Béarn, not only in a part of Gascony, but also in certain Basque territories. The French language exerted an increasing influence on Béarn from the middle of the 16th century, due to its annexation as a French province in 1620. The use of Béarnese as an institutional language ended with the Revolution, its use being limited to popular culture. Cyprien Despourrins, Xavier Navarrot and Alexis P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italic Languages
The Italic languages form a branch of the Indo-European language family, whose earliest known members were spoken on the Italian Peninsula in the first millennium BC. The most important of the ancient languages was Latin, the official language of ancient Rome, which conquered the other Italic peoples before the common era. The other Italic languages became extinct in the first centuries AD as their speakers were assimilated into the Roman Empire and shifted to some form of Latin. Between the third and eighth centuries AD, Vulgar Latin (perhaps influenced by language shift from the other Italic languages) diversified into the Romance languages, which are the only Italic languages natively spoken today, while Literary Latin also survived. Besides Latin, the known ancient Italic languages are Faliscan (the closest to Latin), Umbrian and Oscan (or Osco-Umbrian), and South Picene. Other Indo-European languages once spoken in the peninsula whose inclusion in the Italic branch is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viscounty Of Béarn
The Viscounty, later Principality of Béarn ( oc, Bearn, label= Gascon or ) was a medieval lordship in the far south of France, part of the Duchy of Gascony from the late ninth century. In 1347, the viscount declared Béarn an independent principality without feudal obligations. It later entered a personal union with the Kingdom of Navarre in 1479 and with France in 1589. In 1620, the prince (who was also the king) formally incorporated Béarn as a province of France. First dynasty The citation of a certain "Gaston onof Centule, viscount of Béarn" (''Gasto Centuli vicecomes Bearnensis'') is the first attestation of a specific regional organization in the late 860s/early 870s. The viscounty was named after Lescar, former Benearnum, last cited in 673. Its first parliamentary body, the ''Cour Major'', was formed in 1080. A mint was established at Morlaàs under Viscount Centule V, who was also Count of Bigorre (1058–88). Centule sold the ''magisterium sectionis cognorum'' (righ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simin Palay
Jean-Maximin called Simin Palay, (Occitan: ''Simin Palai''), (1874–1965) was a French writer; as a native Béarnese speaker, he wrote poetry and articles in this language. He also made numerous philology studies on Béarnese and gascon languages. Biography Simin Palay was born at Casteide-Doat, on the border between Béarn and Bigorre, on may 29 1874. He died at Gelos on february 22 1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo .... Selected bibliography Poetry * Bercets dé youénésse è coundes enta rise (1899) * Sounets è quatourzis (1902) * Case! (1909) * Les Pregà ries e las Grà cies (1926) * Lou Bent qui passe (1958) Lexicography * Dictionnaire du Gascon et béarnais modernes Ethnography * Autour de la table béarnaise (1932) * La cuisine du pays (1936 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexis Peyret
Alejo Peyret (french: Alexis Pierre-Louis Edouard Peyret; December 11, 1826 – August 27, 1902) was a French-born Argentine writer, agronomist, colonial administrator, and historian. Emigrating to Argentina when he was 25, he became a prominent figure in the history of Entre RÃos Province. Youth in France Peyret was born in 1826 in Serres Castet, Canton Morlaà s, in the department of Basses-Pyrénées, today Pyrénées-Atlantiques, the son of Alexis Augustin Peyret and Marie Angelique Cecile Armance Vignancour. He entered the Royal College of Pau at the age of ten. In 1844, at the age of eighteen, he earned a bachelor's degree in science and letters. He avoided compulsory military service by hiring a paid substitute to serve in his place. He studied law at the Collège de France, where his professors included the philosopher Edgar Quinet and the historian Jules Michelet. He became involved with political radicalism, writing editorials in support of republicanism, democracy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xavier Navarrot
Xavier Navarrot (in Occitan classical norm : ''Xavier Navarròt'') was an Occitan-language poet from Béarn. He was born near Lucq-de-Béarn in a wealthy family and studied law and medicine in Paris before returning in Béarn where he spent the rest of his life. He was a supporter of the republic and of progressivist ideas, which was humoristically stated in his poetry. Bibliography Navarrot's editions * Navarrot, Xavier. ''Estrées Béarnéses en ta l'an 1820''. Pau : Vignancourt, 1820. * Navarrot, Xavier. ''Dialogue entré Moussu Matheü, l'Electou, y Jean de Mingequannas, lou Bouhèmi''. Pau, 1838. * Navarrot, Xavier. ''Nouvelles étrennes béarnaises pour l'année 1847''. Pau : Véronèse, 1846. * Navarrot, Xavier. ''A Messieurs les jurés''. Pau : Thonnet, 1850. * Lespy, Vastin. ''Chansons de Xavier Navarrot''. Pau : Véronèse, 1868. * Camelat, Miquèu. ''Obres''. Samatan : Éditorial Occitan, 1924. Critics * Darrigrand, Robèrt. ''Tèxtes causits''. Montpellier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyprien Despourrins
Cyprien Despourrins (in Occitan: ''Ciprian Desporrins'') was a Gascon-language poet from Béarn and member of the Bigorre Parliament born in Accous in 1698. Many of his poems (written in Béarnese dialect) are famous traditional folk songs from Béarn and 18th century opera singer Pierre Jélyotte interpreted some of them for the mistress of the King of France Mme de Pompadour and the Royal Court. Despourrins died in Argelès-Gazost in 1759. An obelisk dedicated to Despourrins stands in his town of birth, Accous, on which are inscribed two poems; one written by Béarnese poet Xavier Navarrot Xavier Navarrot (in Occitan classical norm : ''Xavier Navarròt'') was an Occitan-language poet from Béarn. He was born near Lucq-de-Béarn in a wealthy family and studied law and medicine in Paris before returning in Béarn where he spent the r ..., and one written by Gascon poet Jasmin. Bibliography *''Poésies Béarnaises''. Pau : Vignancourt, 1827. External links ''Poésie Bà ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16th Century
The 16th century begins with the Julian year 1501 ( MDI) and ends with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 ( MDC) (depending on the reckoning used; the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582). The 16th century is regarded by historians as the century which saw the rise of Western civilization and the Islamic gunpowder empires. The Renaissance in Italy and Europe saw the emergence of important artists, authors and scientists, and led to the foundation of important subjects which include accounting and political science. Copernicus proposed the heliocentric universe, which was met with strong resistance, and Tycho Brahe refuted the theory of celestial spheres through observational measurement of the 1572 appearance of a Milky Way supernova. These events directly challenged the long-held notion of an immutable universe supported by Ptolemy and Aristotle, and led to major revolutions in astronomy and science. Galileo Galilei became a champion o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French ( Francien) largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the ( Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is an official language in 29 countries across multiple continents, most of which are members of the ''Organisation internationale de la Francophonie'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basque Country (greater Region)
The Basque Country ( eu, Euskal Herria; es, PaÃs Vasco; french: Pays basque) is the name given to the home of the Basque people. Trask, R.L. ''The History of Basque'' Routledge: 1997 The Basque country is located in the western Pyrenees, straddling the border between France and Spain on the coast of the Bay of Biscay. ''Euskal Herria'' is the oldest documented Basque name for the area they inhabit, dating from the 16th century. It comprises the Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country and Navarre in Spain and the Northern Basque Country in France. The region is home to the Basque people ( eu, Euskaldunak), their language ( eu, Euskara), culture and traditions. The area is neither linguistically nor culturally homogeneous, and certain areas have a majority of people who do not consider themselves Basque, such as the south of Navarre. The concept is still highly controversial, and the Supreme Court of Navarre has ruled against scholarly books that include the Navarre c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gascony
Gascony (; french: Gascogne ; oc, Gasconha ; eu, Gaskoinia) was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453). From the 17th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799), it was part of the combined Province of Guyenne and Gascony. The region is vaguely defined, and the distinction between Guyenne and Gascony is unclear; by some they are seen to overlap, while others consider Gascony a part of Guyenne. Most definitions put Gascony east and south of Bordeaux. It is currently divided between the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine (departments of Landes, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, southwestern Gironde, and southern Lot-et-Garonne) and the region of Occitanie (departments of Gers, Hautes-Pyrénées, southwestern Tarn-et-Garonne, and western Haute-Garonne). Gascony was historically inhabited by Basque-related people who appear to have spoken a language similar to Basque. The name Gascony comes from the same root as the word Basq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Revolution
The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while phrases like ''liberté, égalité, fraternité'' reappeared in other revolts, such as the 1917 Russian Revolution, and inspired campaigns for the abolition of slavery and universal suffrage. The values and institutions it created dominate French politics to this day. Its causes are generally agreed to be a combination of social, political and economic factors, which the ''Ancien Régime'' proved unable to manage. In May 1789, widespread social distress led to the convocation of the Estates General, which was converted into a National Assembly in June. Continuing unrest culminated in the Storming of the Bastille on 14 July, which led to a series of radical measures by the Assembly, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
