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Bydgoszcz Events
The Bydgoszcz events ( pl, wypadki bydgoskie)also referred to as the Bydgoszcz crisis (), or the Bydgoszcz provocation ()were a series of events in Poland culminating in the beatings of delegates of the Solidarity movement by the forces called upon by the authorities during the session of the ''voivodship'' National Council on 19 March 1981, which was to discuss the running strike in Bydgoszcz. It was a turning point in the early history of Solidarity. Following the registration of Solidarity by the authorities of Poland in 1980, the farmers were also pushing for creation of a separate trade union, independent from the official system of power. The ''NSZZ RI Solidarność'' (Independent Self-Governing Trade Union of Individual Farmers ''Solidarity'', also called Rural Solidarity) was created, but not legalized by the authorities. Because of that, on 16 March 1981 in Bydgoszcz a strike was proclaimed. This forced the authorities to finally hold the meeting of the Voivodeship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Bartoszcze
Roman Bolesław Bartoszcze (9 December 1946 – 31 December 2015) was a Polish agrarian politician from Polish People's Party (PSL). Bartoszcze was born in Jaroszewice, and worked on his family farm there, and later in Sławęcin, until 1966. He did national service from 1966 to 1968.''World Who's Who'', Europa Biographical Reference, 2016. From 1969 to 1980 he was a member of Polish United Workers' Party satellite United People's Party (ZSL). In 1980 he broke with ZSL and joined oppositional ''Peaseant Solidarity'', which was merged into Solidarity movement in 1981. During Martial law he was arrested and imprisoned for two months as a result of his participation in the Bydgoszcz events. After his release Bartoszcze acted in the All-Poland Peasants Resistance Committee and was an editor of newspaper ''Żywią i bronią''. Elected in 1989 as Contract Sejm member from the Solidarity Citizens' Committee, he joined the reborn Polish People's Party in 1990 and was soon elected i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 In Poland
Incumbents Members of the government *Prime Ministers of Poland - Józef Pińkowski (until February 11, 1981), Wojciech Jaruzelski (February 11, 1981 – November 6, 1985) *First Secretaries of the Communist Party (''PZPR'') - Stanisław Kania (until October 18, 1981), Wojciech Jaruzelski (October 18, 1981 - July 29, 1989) *Minister of National Defence - Wojciech Jaruzelski *For members of the Polish Politburo, see Politburo of the Polish United Workers' Party Other personalities *Roman Catholic Primate of Poland - Stefan Wyszyński (until his death, May 28, 1981), Józef Glemp (September 12, 1981 – December 18, 2009), *President of Polish government-in-exile - Edward Raczyński *Prime Minister of Polish government-in-exile - Kazimierz Sabbat Events January *January 2. In Rzeszów, individual peasants headed by Jan Kułaj, enter former office of Provincial Council of Trade Unions (''WRZZ''), occupying it in protest of unjust share of WRZZ's assets. *January 5. Farmers, prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 Labor Disputes And Strikes
Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, FMLN launches its first major offensive, gaining control of most of Morazán Department, Morazán and Chalatenango Department, Chalatenango departments. * January 15 – Pope John Paul II receives a delegation led by Polish Solidarity (Polish trade union), Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa at the Vatican City, Vatican. * January 20 – Iran releases the 52 Americans held for 444 days, minutes after Ronald Reagan is First inauguration of Ronald Reagan, sworn in as the 40th President of the United States, ending the Iran hostage crisis. * January 21 – The first DMC DeLorean, DeLorean automobile, a stainless steel sports car with gull-wing doors, rolls off the production line in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland. * January 24 – An 1981 Dawu ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lech Dymarski
Lech Dymarski (born 18 October 1949) is a Polish poet, opposition political activist in Communist Poland, state functionary in post-Communist Poland, member of regional legislature ( Greater Poland Regional Assembly, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010).Lech_Dymarski an article in ''Encyclopedia of Solidarity'' Awards *1990: , Knight's Cross *2007: , Officer's Cross *2014: |
Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain was the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union (USSR) to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West, its allies and neutral states. On the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union, while on the west side were the countries that were NATO members, or connected to or influenced by the United States; or nominally neutral. Separate international economic and military alliances were developed on each side of the Iron Curtain. It later became a term for the physical barrier of fences, walls, minefields, and watchtowers that divided the "east" and "west". The Berlin Wall was also part of this physical barrier. The nations to the east of the Iron Curtain were Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mieczysław F
Mieczysław () or Mečislovas (Lithuanian) is a Slavic name of Polish origin and consists of two parts: miecz "sword", and sław "glory, famous". Feminine form: Mieczysława. Alternate form: Mieszko. This name may refer to: People Mečislovas *Mečislovas Gedvilas, Lithuanian Soviet politician, first Prime Minister of the Lithuanian SSR *Mečislovas Reinys, was the Lithuanian Roman Catholic archbishop of the Vilnius, Minsk and Tiddi dioceses, a professor at Vytautas Magnus University Mieczysław *Mieczysław Batsch, Polish footballer *Mieczysław Boruta-Spiechowicz, a Polish military officer, a general of the Polish Army and a notable member of the post-war anti-communist opposition in Poland *Mieczysława Ćwiklińska, a Polish film actress, stage actor and singer. She was often nicknamed Lińska or Amiette. *Mieczysław Fogg, Polish singer * Mieczysław Garsztka, Polish aviator, flying ace in the German Air Force in World War I *Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski, a Cardinal Ledóc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 Warning Strike In Poland
In the early spring of 1981 in Poland, during the Bydgoszcz events, several members of the Solidarity movement, including Jan Rulewski, Mariusz Łabentowicz and Roman Bartoszcze, were brutally beaten by the security services, such as Milicja Obywatelska and ZOMO. The ''Bydgoszcz events'' soon became widely known across Poland, and on 24 March 1981 Solidarity decided to go on a nationwide strike in protest against the violence. The strike was planned for Tuesday, 31 March 1981. On 25 March, Lech Wałęsa met Deputy Prime Minister Mieczysław Rakowski of the Polish United Workers' Party, but their talks were fruitless. Two days later, a four-hour national warning strike took place. It was the biggest strike in the history of not only Poland but of the Warsaw Pact itself. According to several sources, between 12 million and 14 million P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZOMO
The Motorized Reserves of the Citizens' Militia ( pl, Zmotoryzowane Odwody Milicji Obywatelskiej), commonly known as ZOMO, were paramilitary-police formations during the communist era in Poland. These elite units of Citizens' Militia (MO) were originally created to fight dangerous criminals, to provide security during mass events, and help in the case of natural disasters and other crises; however, they became known instead for their brutal and sometimes repressive lethal actions of riot control and their role in quelling civil rights protests. The first ZOMO units were deployed in 1956 and became particularly infamous for their ruthless handling of political opponents under Polish martial law (1981–1983). It was permanently disbanded after the fall of communism in 1989, though the term "ZOMO" remains synonymous with police brutality to this day. Early history ZOMO units were created on December 24, 1956, under the direct command of the President of the Council of Minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citizen's Militia
Milicja Obywatelska (), in English known as the Citizens' Militia and commonly abbreviated to MO, was the national police organization of the Polish People's Republic. It was established on 7 October 1944 by the Polish Committee of National Liberation, effectively replacing the pre-war police force. The Citizen's Militia would remain the predominant means of policing in Poland until 10 May 1990, when it was transformed back into ''Policja''. The term ''milicja'' had been adapted from the cognate term, ''militsiya'', used in several communist countries. The term is derived from ''militia'', which derives its etymology from the concept of a military force composed of ordinary citizens. In most cases it represented a state-controlled force used to exert political repression, especially with its elite ZOMO squads. Under both communist and post-communist governments, the Polish police system has traditionally operated under the auspices of national authority. Starting at the end of Wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariusz Łabentowicz
Mariusz is a Slavic-language masculine name, and may refer to: *Mariusz Czerkawski (b. 1972), Polish ice hockey player *Mariusz Duda (b. 1975), Polish musician *Mariusz Fyrstenberg (b. 1980), Polish tennis player *Mariusz Jędra *Mariusz Jop *Mariusz Kamiński *Mariusz Klimczyk *Mariusz Kukiełka *Mariusz Kwiecień *Mariusz Lewandowski *Mariusz Liberda *Mariusz Linke, first Polish born black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu *Mariusz Maszkiewicz *Mariusz Niedbała *Mariusz Pawełek *Mariusz Podkościelny *Mariusz Pudzianowski, five-time World's Strongest Man *Mariusz Sacha *Mariusz Siembida *Mariusz Siudek *Mariusz Zganiacz *Mariusz Wach *Mariusz Wodzicki :''See also'' Marius (name) Marius is a male given name, a Roman family name, and a modern surname. The name Marius was used by members of the Roman ''gens'' Maria. It is thought to be derived from either the Roman war god Mars or from the Latin root ''mas'' or ''maris'' m ... {{given name Polish masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous member state of the European Union. Warsaw is the nation's capital and largest metropolis. Other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, Gdańsk, and Szczecin. Poland has a temperate transitional climate and its territory traverses the Central European Plain, extending from Baltic Sea in the north to Sudeten and Carpathian Mountains in the south. The longest Polish river is the Vistula, and Poland's highest point is Mount Rysy, situated in the Tatra mountain range of the Carpathians. The country is bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. It also shares maritime boundaries with Denmark and Sweden. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
