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Butyl
In organic chemistry, butyl is a four-carbon alkyl radical or substituent group with general chemical formula , derived from either of the two isomers (''n''-butane and isobutane) of butane. The isomer ''n''-butane can connect in two ways, giving rise to two "-butyl" groups: * If it connects at one of the two terminal carbon atoms, it is normal butyl or ''n''-butyl: (preferred IUPAC name: butyl) * If it connects at one of the non-terminal (internal) carbon atoms, it is secondary butyl or ''sec''-butyl: (preferred IUPAC name: butan-2-yl) The second isomer of butane, isobutane, can also connect in two ways, giving rise to two additional groups: * If it connects at one of the three terminal carbons, it is isobutyl: (preferred IUPAC name: 2-methylpropyl) * If it connects at the central carbon, it is tertiary butyl, ''tert''-butyl or ''t''-butyl: (preferred IUPAC name: ''tert''-butyl) Nomenclature According to IUPAC nomenclature, "isobutyl", "''sec''-butyl", and "''tert''-b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butyl Acetate
''n''-Butyl acetate is an organic compound with the formula . A colorless, flammable liquid, it is the ester derived from n-butanol and acetic acid. It is found in many types of fruit, where it imparts characteristic flavors and has a sweet smell of banana or apple. It is used as an industrial solvent The other three isomers (four, including stereoisomers) of butyl acetate are isobutyl acetate, ''tert''-butyl acetate, and ''sec''-butyl acetate (two enantiomers). Production and use Butyl acetate is commonly manufactured by the Fischer esterification of butanol (or its isomer to make an isomer of butyl acetate) and acetic acid with the presence of sulfuric acid: : Butyl acetate is mainly used as a solvent for coatings and inks. It is a component of fingernail polish. Occurrence in nature Apples, especially of the 'Red Delicious' variety, are flavored in part by this chemical. The alarm pheromones emitted by the Koschevnikov gland of honey bee A honey bee (also sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butyl Acetate
''n''-Butyl acetate is an organic compound with the formula . A colorless, flammable liquid, it is the ester derived from n-butanol and acetic acid. It is found in many types of fruit, where it imparts characteristic flavors and has a sweet smell of banana or apple. It is used as an industrial solvent The other three isomers (four, including stereoisomers) of butyl acetate are isobutyl acetate, ''tert''-butyl acetate, and ''sec''-butyl acetate (two enantiomers). Production and use Butyl acetate is commonly manufactured by the Fischer esterification of butanol (or its isomer to make an isomer of butyl acetate) and acetic acid with the presence of sulfuric acid: : Butyl acetate is mainly used as a solvent for coatings and inks. It is a component of fingernail polish. Occurrence in nature Apples, especially of the 'Red Delicious' variety, are flavored in part by this chemical. The alarm pheromones emitted by the Koschevnikov gland of honey bee A honey bee (also sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-butyl Acetate
''sec''-Butyl acetate, or ''s''-butyl acetate, is an ester commonly used as a solvent in lacquers and enamels, where it is used in the production of acyclic polymers, vinyl resins, and nitrocellulose. It is a clear flammable liquid with a sweet smell. ''sec''-Butyl acetate has three isomers that are also acetate esters: ''n''-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, and ''tert''-butyl acetate. History The first method of production of ''sec''-butyl acetate was the esterification of ''sec''-butanol and acetic anhydride It was experimentally determined and published in 1946 by Rolf Altschul. Toxicology The for rats is 13g/kg.Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety. (1996). 2-Butyl acetate. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from CHEMINFO database. Exposure in humans to significant quantities of ''sec''-butyl acetate can cause irritation to the eyes, mouth, throat, nose, and skin.International Programme on Chemical Safety. (2003). ''sec''-Butyl acetate. Retrieved February 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sec-Butyl Acetate
''sec''-Butyl acetate, or ''s''-butyl acetate, is an ester commonly used as a solvent in lacquers and enamels, where it is used in the production of acyclic polymers, vinyl resins, and nitrocellulose. It is a clear flammable liquid with a sweet smell. ''sec''-Butyl acetate has three isomers that are also acetate esters: ''n''-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, and ''tert''-butyl acetate. History The first method of production of ''sec''-butyl acetate was the esterification of ''sec''-butanol and acetic anhydride It was experimentally determined and published in 1946 by Rolf Altschul. Toxicology The for rats is 13g/kg.Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety. (1996). 2-Butyl acetate. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from CHEMINFO database. Exposure in humans to significant quantities of ''sec''-butyl acetate can cause irritation to the eyes, mouth, throat, nose, and skin.International Programme on Chemical Safety. (2003). ''sec''-Butyl acetate. Retrieved February 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
T-butyl Acetate
''tert''-Butyl acetate, ''t''-butyl acetate or TBAc is a colorless flammable liquid with a camphor- or blueberry-like smell. It is used as a solvent in the production of lacquers, enamels, inks, adhesives, thinners and industrial cleaners. It has recently gained EPA volatile organic compound (VOC) exempt status. It is manufactured from acetic acid and isobutylene. An attempt at Fischer esterification would lead to elimination of tert-butyl alcohol to isobutylene. Butyl acetate has four isomers (or five, including stereoisomers): ''tert''-butyl acetate, ''n''-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, and ''sec''-butyl acetate (two enantiomer In chemistry, an enantiomer ( /ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/ ''ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər''; from Ancient Greek ἐνάντιος ''(enántios)'' 'opposite', and μέρος ''(méros)'' 'part') – also called optical isomer, antipode, or optical ant ...s). See also * ''tert''-Butyl formate * PCBTF VOC Exempt References External links ChemEx ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkyl
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen. The term ''alkyl'' is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of . A cycloalkyl is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a Ring (chemistry), ring and has the general formula . Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula . Related concepts Alkylation is an important operation in refineries, for example in the production of high-octane gasoline. Alkylating antineoplastic agents are a class of compounds that are used to treat cancer. In such case, the term alkyl is used loosely. For example, nitrogen mustards are well-known alkylating agents, but they are not simple hydrocarbons. In chemistry, alkyl is a group, a substituent, that is attached to other molecular fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isobutyl Acetate
The chemical compound isobutyl acetate, also known as 2-methylpropyl ethanoate (IUPAC name) or β-methylpropyl acetate, is a common solvent. It is produced from the esterification of isobutanol with acetic acid. It is used as a solvent for lacquer and nitrocellulose. Like many esters it has a fruity or floral smell at low concentrations and occurs naturally in raspberries, pears and other plants. At higher concentrations the odor can be unpleasant and may cause symptoms of central nervous system depression such as nausea, dizziness and headache Headache is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck. It can occur as a migraine, tension-type headache, or cluster headache. There is an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches. Headaches can occur as a result .... A common method for preparing isobutyl acetate is Fischer esterification, where precursors isobutyl alcohol and acetic acid are heated in the presence of a strong acid. Isobutyl acetate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isobutyl Acetate
The chemical compound isobutyl acetate, also known as 2-methylpropyl ethanoate (IUPAC name) or β-methylpropyl acetate, is a common solvent. It is produced from the esterification of isobutanol with acetic acid. It is used as a solvent for lacquer and nitrocellulose. Like many esters it has a fruity or floral smell at low concentrations and occurs naturally in raspberries, pears and other plants. At higher concentrations the odor can be unpleasant and may cause symptoms of central nervous system depression such as nausea, dizziness and headache Headache is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck. It can occur as a migraine, tension-type headache, or cluster headache. There is an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches. Headaches can occur as a result .... A common method for preparing isobutyl acetate is Fischer esterification, where precursors isobutyl alcohol and acetic acid are heated in the presence of a strong acid. Isobutyl acetate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butane
Butane () or ''n''-butane is an alkane with the formula C4H10. Butane is a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Butane is a highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gas that quickly vaporizes at room temperature. The name butane comes from the root but- (from butyric acid, named after the Greek word for butter) and the suffix -ane. It was discovered by the chemist Dr. Walter Snelling in 1912. It was found dissolved in crude petroleum in 1864 by Edmund Ronalds, who was the first to describe its properties. Butane is one of a group of liquefied petroleum gases (LP gases). The others include propane, propylene, butadiene, butylene, isobutylene, and mixtures thereof. Butane burns more cleanly than gasoline and coal. Density The density of butane is highly dependent on temperature and pressure in the reservoir. For example, the density of liquid phase is 571.8±1 kg/m3 (for pressures up to 2MPa and temperature 27±0.2 °C), while the density of liq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereoisomer
In stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space. This contrasts with structural isomers, which share the same molecular formula, but the bond connections or their order differs. By definition, molecules that are stereoisomers of each other represent the same structural isomer. Enantiomers Enantiomers, also known as optical isomers, are two stereoisomers that are related to each other by a reflection: they are mirror images of each other that are non-superposable. Human hands are a macroscopic analog of this. Every stereogenic center in one has the opposite configuration in the other. Two compounds that are enantiomers of each other have the same physical properties, except for the direction in which they rotate polarized light and how they interact with different optical isom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stereocenter
In stereochemistry, a stereocenter of a molecule is an atom (center), axis or plane that is the focus of stereoisomerism; that is, when having at least three different groups bound to the stereocenter, interchanging any two different groups creates a new stereoisomer. Stereocenters are also referred to as stereogenic centers. A stereocenter is geometrically defined as a point (location) in a molecule; a stereocenter is usually but not always a specific atom, often carbon. Stereocenters can exist on chiral or achiral molecules; stereocenters can contain single bonds or double bonds. The number of hypothetical stereoisomers can be predicted by using 2''n'', with ''n'' being the number of tetrahedral stereocenters; however, exceptions such as meso compounds can reduce the prediction to below the expected 2''n''. Chirality centers are a type of stereocenter with four different substituent groups; chirality centers are a specific subset of stereocenters because they can only ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
