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Butanediol
Butanediol, also called butylene glycol, may refer to any one of four stable structural isomers: * 1,2-Butanediol * 1,3-Butanediol *1,4-Butanediol *2,3-Butanediol 2,3-Butanediol is the organic compound with the formula (CH3CHOH)2. It is classified as a ''vic''-diol ( glycol). It exists as three stereoisomers, a chiral pair and the meso isomer. All are colorless liquids. Applications include precursors ... Alkanediols {{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,4-Butanediol
1,4-Butanediol, colloquially known as BD or BDO, is a primary alcohol, and an organic compound, with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH. It is a colorless viscous liquid. It is one of four stable isomers of butanediol. Synthesis In industrial synthesis, acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form 1,4-butynediol. Hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol gives 1,4-butanediol. It is also manufactured on an industrial scale from maleic anhydride in the Davy process, which is first converted to the methyl maleate ester, then hydrogenated. Other routes are from butadiene, allyl acetate and succinic acid. A biological route to BD has been commercialized that uses a genetically modified organism. The biosynthesis proceeds via 4-hydroxybutyrate. Industrial use 1,4-Butanediol is used industrially as a solvent and in the manufacture of some types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes. In organic chemistry, 1,4-butanediol is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolacto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2,3-Butanediol
2,3-Butanediol is the organic compound with the formula (CH3CHOH)2. It is classified as a ''vic''-diol (glycol). It exists as three stereoisomers, a chiral pair and the meso isomer. All are colorless liquids. Applications include precursors to various plastics and pesticides. Isomerism Of the three stereoisomers, two are enantiomers (levo- and dextro-2,3-butanediol) and one is a meso compound. The enantiomeric pair have (2''R'', 3''R'') and (2''S'', 3''S'') configurations at carbons 2 and 3, while the meso compound has configuration (2''R'', 3''S'') or, equivalently, (2''S'', 3''R''). Industrial production and uses 2,3-Butanediol is prepared by hydrolysis of 2,3-epoxybutane:Heinz Gräfje, Wolfgang Körnig, Hans-Martin Weitz, Wolfgang Reiß, Guido Steffan, Herbert Diehl, Horst Bosche, Kurt Schneider and Heinz Kieczka "Butanediols, Butenediol, and Butynediol" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', 2000, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. :(CH3CH)2O + H2O → CH3(CHOH) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Isomer
In chemistry, a structural isomer (or constitutional isomer in the IUPAC nomenclature) of a chemical compound, compound is another compound whose molecule has the same number of atoms of each element, but with logically distinct chemical bond, bonds between them. The term metamer was formerly used for the same concept. For example, butanol , methyl propyl ether , and diethyl ether have the same molecular formula but are three distinct structural isomers. The concept applies also to polyatomic ions with the same total charge. A classical example is the cyanate ion and the fulminate ion . It is also extended to ionic compounds, so that (for example) ammonium cyanate and urea are considered structural isomers,William F. Bynum, E. Janet Browne, Roy Porter (2014): ''Dictionary of the History of Science''. 530 pages. and so are methylammonium formate and ammonium acetate . Structural isomerism is the most radical type of isomerism. It is opposed to stereoisomerism, in which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
