|
Burmish
The Burmish languages are a subgroup of the Sino-Tibetan languages consisting of Burmese (including Standard Burmese, Arakanese, and other Burmese dialects such as the Tavoyan dialects) as well as non-literary languages spoken across Myanmar and South China such as Achang, Lhao Vo, Lashi, and Zaiwa. The various Burmish languages have a total of 35 million native speakers. Names Many Burmish names are known by various names in different languages (Bradley 1997). In China, the Zaiwa ဇိုင်ဝါး/အဇီး 载瓦 (local Chinese exonym: Xiaoshan ရှောင့်ရှန် 小山), Lhao Vo 浪速 (local Chinese exonym: Lang'e 浪峨), Lashi 勒期 (local Chinese exonym: Chashan 茶山), and Pela 波拉 are officially classified as Jingpo people (''Bolayu Yanjiu''). The local Chinese exonym for the Jingpho proper is Dashan 大山. Dai Qingxia (2005:3) lists the following autonyms and exonyms for the various Burmish groups as well as for Jingpho which is n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lolo-Burmese Languages
The Lolo-Burmese languages (also Burmic languages) of Burma and Southern China form a coherent branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages, Sino-Tibetan family. Names Until ca. 1950, the endonym ''Lolo'' was written with Graphic pejoratives in written Chinese, derogatory characters in Chinese, and for this reason has sometimes been avoided. Shafer (1966–1974) used the term "Burmic" for the Lolo-Burmese languages. The Chinese term is ''Mian–Yi'', after the Chinese name for Burmese and one of several words for Tai, reassigned to replace ''Lolo'' by the Chinese government after 1950. Possible languages The position of Naxish languages, Naxi (Moso) within the family is unclear, and it is often left as a third branch besides Loloish and Burmish. Lama (2012) considers it to be a branch of Loloish, while Guillaume Jacques has suggested that it is a Qiangic languages, Qiangic language. The Pyu language (Burma), Pyu language that preceded Burmese in Burma is sometimes linked to the Lolo-Burm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiandao Dialect
The Xiandao language (Xiandao: ''Chintau'' ; ) is an endangered Burmish language spoken by the Xiandao people who live at the border area between Myanmar and Yunnan, China. It is closely related to the Achang language and is considered by many scholars to be an Achang dialect, due to similarities in syntax and vocabulary. This is one way in which Xiandao can be described. The second is as an independent language due to the social and cultural differences between the Xiandao and Achang people. Classification Xiandao is a minority language spoken in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China near the border of Myanmar. Despite technically being in China, the language emerged from Burmish languages and has few Sinitic qualities. It is a part of the Burmish Tibeto-Burmese language family. The Xiandao people were included in China's unclassified national minority category until 1980 when they became classified as a part of the Achang nationality. Generally, Xiandao is considered to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lashi Language
Lashi (, endonym ''Lacid'') is a Burmish language. Although the endonym Lashi is often used by Western researchers, the people refer to themselves and their language as Lacid. It is according to Nishi in the Maruic branch, which preserves the preglottalized initials of Proto-Burmish in the most phonotactic environments. Distribution There are conflicting reports about the size of the Lashi population. Reports range from 30,000 to 60,000.Robert Noftz (2017) A Literature Review on Segments in Lacid (Lashi) In China, Lashi (Leqi) speakers are distributed in Mangshi City (formerly Luxi County), Ruili City, Longchuan County, and Yingjiang County of western Yunnan Province (Dai 2007:5). Mangshi has the most Lashi speakers, who are distributed in the following townships. *Manghai (မန်ဟိုင်, 芒海镇) *Zhongshan (ကျုင်းရှန်မြို့ , 中山乡) *Dongshan (သုင်ရှန်မြို့ , 东山乡) *Santai (ဆန်ထိုင်မ� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaiwa Language
Zaiwa (autonym: '; 载瓦; Burmese: ဇိုင်ဝါး/အဇီး) is a Burmish language spoken in parts of southwest China and eastern Burma. There are around 100,000 speakers. It is also known as ''Atsi'', its name in Jingpo. ''Zaiwa'' may be spelled 'Tsaiva' or 'Tsaiwa', and ''Atsi'' may be spelled 'Aci', 'Aji', 'Atshi', 'Atzi' or 'Azi'. Other names include Atsi-Maru, Szi and Xiaoshanhua. '' Pela (Bola)'', with 400 speakers, was once classified as a dialect. From the 1950s Zaiwa was written using the Roman script. A Gospel of Mark was published in Zaiwa in 1938 in the Fraser alphabet and in 1951 in the Roman script. Distribution There are more than 70,000 Zaiwa speakers in Yunnan, China, including in: *Bangwa (邦瓦), Longchuan County, Dehong Prefecture *Zhanxi (盏西), Yingjiang County, Dehong Prefecture *Xishan (西山), Mangshi, Dehong Prefecture The ''Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pela Language
Pela or Bola (; autonym: ', exonym: '), is a Burmish language of Western Yunnan, China. In China, Pela speakers are classified as part of the Jingpo ethnic group. Pela may also be spoken in Burma. Distribution There are about 500 speakers as of 2005. The ethnic population is distributed as follows. *Mangshi **Santaishan (三台山乡) ***Yinqian (引欠村) ***Kongjiazhai (孔家寨, representative dialect; Pela: ') **Wuchalu (五岔路乡) ***Mengguang (勐广村) ***Nongnong (弄弄村) ***Gongqiu (贡丘) **Xishan (西山乡) ***2nd cluster (二组), Banzai (板栽) **Chengjiao (城郊) ***Huashulin (桦树林) *Lianghe County Lianghe County ( zh, s=梁河县 , p=Liánghé Xiàn; ; Jingpho: ; ) is located in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan province, southwest China Southwestern China () is a region in the People's Republic of China. It consists of five provincial adminis ... **Bangwai (邦外) * Longchuan County **Shuangwopu (双窝铺) **Wangzishu (王子树) **Palangnong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lhao Vo Language
Lhaovo (the Burmese name: လော်ဝေါ်), also known as Maru (မရူ) and Langsu (the Chinese name: 浪速), is a Burmish language spoken in Burma and by a few thousand speakers in China. Distribution Dai Qingxia (2005:3) reports 5,600 Langsu speakers in China. Many thousands more are dispersed across the eastern edge of Kachin State, Myanmar. *Luxi City: Yingpan Township (ယင်းဖန်မြို့နယ်, 营盘乡) *Lianghe County: Mengyang Township (မယ်ညန့်နယ်, 养乡) * Longchuan County: Bangwai Township (ဖန်ဝိုင်မြို့နယ်, 邦外乡) and Jingkan Township (ကျင်ခန်မြို့နယ်, 景坎乡) The Langsu people call themselves ' (Chinese: ''Lang'e'' 浪峨) Varieties The standard Lhaovo dialect is that of the Dago’ (') hill area, on the east side of N'Mai River valley in Kachin State. Sawada (2017) lists the following patois (subvarieties) of Lhaovo. *Gyanno’ (autonym: '): ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burmo-Qiangic Languages
The Burmo-Qiangic or Eastern Tibeto-Burman languages are a proposed family of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Southwest China and Myanmar. It consists of the Lolo-Burmese and Qiangic branches, including the extinct Tangut language. Classification Guillaume Jacques & Alexis Michaud (2011)Jacques, Guillaume, and Alexis Michaud. 2011.Approaching the historical phonology of three highly eroded Sino-Tibetan languages" ''Diachronica'' 28:468–498. argue for a Burmo-Qiangic branch of Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman) with two primary subbranches, Qiangic and Lolo-Burmese. Similarly, David Bradley (2008) proposes an Eastern Tibeto-Burman branch that includes Burmic ( Lolo-Burmese) and Qiangic. Bradley notes that Lolo-Burmese and Qiangic share some unique lexical items, even though they are morphologically quite different; whereas all Lolo-Burmese languages are tonal and analytical, Qiangic languages are often non-tonal and possess agglutinative morphology. However the position of Naic is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hpon Language
Hpon (; also spelled Hpun) was a moribund Burmish language spoken by older adults in the gorges of the upper Irrawaddy River of Burma, north of Bhamo Bhamo ( ''ban: mau mrui.'', also spelt Banmaw), historically known as Manmaw (; ) or Hsinkai () is a city in Kachin State in northern Myanmar, south of the state capital, (Myitkyina). It is on the Ayeyarwady River. It lies within of the border .... There were two dialects, northern and southern. The language was phonologically more conservative than other 'Kachinised' Burmish languages. References * Henderson, Eugénie J. A. (1986). "Some hitherto unpublished material on Northern (Megyaw) Hpun." John McCoy and Timothy Light, eds. Contributions to Sino-Tibetan Studies: 101-134. * Yabu Shirō 藪 司郎 (2003). ''The Hpun language endangered in Myanmar.'' Osaka: Osaka University of Foreign Studies. * Tun Aung Kyaw ထွန်းအောင်ကျော် Thwanʺ Oṅ Kyo' (2007). ဖွန်းဒေသိယစကာ� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chashan Language
Chashan (; autonym: ') is a Burmish language spoken in Pianma Township (片马镇), Lushui County, Yunnan, China, in Xiapianma (下片马), Gangfang (岗房), and Gulang (古浪) villages. It is closely related to Lashi, and has 56.3% lexical similarity with Lashi of Lushui County out of a sample of 1,000 vocabulary words. In Pianma Township, there are 587 Chashan people officially classified as ethnic Lisu. The local people consider the Chashan to be a distinct ethnic group, separate from the Jingpo people (). The Chashan autonym is ' (Echang 峨昌), similar to that of the Achang. More Chashan speakers may be found across the border in Kachin State, Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has .... References Further reading * Burmish languages Language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danu Language
Intha and Danu are southern Burmish languages of Shan State, Burma, spoken respectively by the Intha and Danu people, the latter of whom are Bamar descendants who migrated to Inle Lake in Shan State. Considered to be dialects of Burmese by the Government of Myanmar, Danu has 93% lexical similarity with standard Burmese, while Intha has 95% lexical similarity with standard Burmese. Intha and Danu differ from standard Burmese with respect to pronunciation of certain phonemes, and few hundred local vocabulary terms. Language contact has led to increasing convergence with standard Burmese. Both are spoken by about 100,000 people each. Phonology Both Danu and Intha are characterized by retention of the medial (for the following consonant clusters in Intha: ). Examples include:*"full": Standard Burmese () → (), from old Burmese *"ground": Standard Burmese () → (), from old Burmese There is no voicing with the presence of either aspirated or unaspirated consonants. For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Myanmar
There are approximately a hundred languages spoken in Myanmar (also known as Burma). Burmese language, Burmese, spoken by two-thirds of the population, is the official language. Languages spoken by ethnic minorities represent six language families: Sino-Tibetan languages, Sino-Tibetan, Austroasiatic languages, Austro-Asiatic, Kra–Dai languages, Tai–Kadai, Indo-European languages, Indo-European, Austronesian languages, Austronesian and Hmong–Mien languages, Hmong–Mien,Myanmar in as well as an incipient national standard for Burmese sign language. Burmese Burmese is the First language, native language of the Bamar people and related sub-ethnic groups of the Bamar, as well as that of some ethnic minorities in Burma like the Mon people, Mon. In 2007, Burmese was spoken by 33 million people as a first language.[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
