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Bunyaviridae Nonstructural S Proteins
''Bunyaviridae'' nonstructural S proteins (NSs) are synthesized by viral DNA/RNA and do not play a role in the replication or the viral protein coating. The nonstructural S segment (NSs) created by ''Bunyaviridae'' virus family'','' are able to interact with the human immune system, in order to increase their replication in infected cells. Understanding this mechanism can have global health impacts. Inhibition Pathways Within the ''Bunyaviridae'' virus family, specifically ''phlebovirus'' genus, there has been multiple pathways of the inhibition of the immune response. NSs proteins are able to interact with interferon (INF) pathways, but the mechanism varies from virus to virus. The NSs protein in different viruses have been shown to differ in amino acid sequence by up to 85%. Rift Valley Fever Virus In geology, a rift is a linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart and is an example of extensional tectonics. Typical rift features are a central linear dow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viral Nonstructural Protein
In virology, a nonstructural protein is a protein encoded by a virus but that is not part of the viral particle. They typically include the various enzymes and transcription factors the virus uses to replicate itself, such as a viral protease ( 3CL/nsp5, etc.), an RNA replicase or other template-directed polymerases, and some means to control the host. Examples * NSP1 (rotavirus) * NSP4 (rotavirus) * NSP5 (rotavirus) * Influenza non-structural protein * NS1 influenza protein * HBcAg, core antigen of hepatitis B *Bunyaviridae nonstructural S proteins See also * Viral structural protein A viral structural protein is a viral protein that is a structural component of the mature virus. Examples include the SARS coronavirus 3a and 7a accessory proteins. Bacteriophage T4 structural proteins During assembly of the bacteriophage (pha ... References {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunyavirales
''Bunyavirales'' is an order of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses with mainly tripartite genomes. Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. It is the only order in the class ''Ellioviricetes''. The name ''Bunyavirales'' derives from Bunyamwera, where the original type species ''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'' was first discovered. ''Ellioviricetes'' is named in honor of late virologist Richard M. Elliott for his early work on bunyaviruses. Bunyaviruses belong to the fifth group of the Baltimore classification system, which includes viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. They have an enveloped, spherical virion. Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this order occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants. In addition, there is a group of bunyaviruses whose replication is restricted to arthropods and is known as insect-specific bunyaviruses. A majority of bunyaviruses are vector-borne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immune System
The immune system is a network of biological processes that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, as well as cancer cells and objects such as wood splinters, distinguishing them from the organism's own healthy tissue. Many species have two major subsystems of the immune system. The innate immune system provides a preconfigured response to broad groups of situations and stimuli. The adaptive immune system provides a tailored response to each stimulus by learning to recognize molecules it has previously encountered. Both use molecules and cells to perform their functions. Nearly all organisms have some kind of immune system. Bacteria have a rudimentary immune system in the form of enzymes that protect against virus infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient plants and animals and remain in their modern descendants. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interferon
Interferons (IFNs, ) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses. IFNs belong to the large class of proteins known as cytokines, molecules used for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that help eradicate pathogens. Interferons are named for their ability to "interfere" with viral replication by protecting cells from virus infections. However, virus-encoded genetic elements have the ability to antagonize the IFN response contributing to viral pathogenesis and viral diseases. IFNs also have various other functions: they activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages, and they increase host defenses by up-regulating antigen presentation by virtue of increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infection. Signs and symptoms include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of consciousness and heamorrhage. It is an emerging infectious disease caused by ''Dabie bandavirus'' also known as the SFTS virus, first reported between late March and mid-July 2009 in rural areas of Hubei and Henan provinces in Central China. SFTS has fatality rates ranging from 12% to as high as 30% in some areas. The major clinical symptoms of SFTS are fever, vomiting, diarrhea, multiple organ failure, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), leucopenia (low white blood cell count), and elevated liver enzyme levels. Virology SFTS virus (SFTSV) is a virus in the order ''Bunyavirales''. Person-to-person transmission was not noted in early reports but has since been documented. The life cycle of the SFTSV most likely involves arthropod vectors and animal hosts. Humans appear to be largely accidental hosts. SFTSV has been detected in ''Haemaphy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
