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Budker Institute Of Nuclear Physics
The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) is one of the major centres of advanced study of nuclear physics in Russia. It is located in the Siberian town Akademgorodok, on Academician Lavrentiev Avenue. The institute was founded by Gersh Budker in 1959. Following his death in 1977, the institute was renamed in honour of Academician Budker. Despite its name, the centre was not involved either with military atomic science or nuclear reactors instead, its concentration was on high-energy physics (particularly plasma physics) and particle physics. In 1961 the institute began building VEP-1,A. N. Skrinsly"Accelerator field development at Novosibirsk (history, status, prospects)" Particle Accelerator Conference, Proceedings of the 1995.V. N. Baier, "Forty years of acting electron-positron colliders"arXiv:hep-ph/0611201 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Learned Society
A learned society (; also learned academy, scholarly society, or academic association) is an organization that exists to promote an discipline (academia), academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and science. Membership may be open to all, may require possession of some qualification, or may be an honour conferred by election. Most learned societies are non-profit organizations, and many are professional associations. Their activities typically include holding regular academic conference, conferences for the presentation and discussion of new research results and publishing or sponsoring academic journals in their discipline. Some also act as Professional association, professional bodies, regulating the activities of their members in the public interest or the collective interest of the membership. History Some of the oldest learned societies are the Académie des Jeux floraux (founded 1323), the Sodalitas Litterarum Vistulana (founded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Italy is also considered part of Western Europe, and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. Italy covers an area of , with a population of over 60 million. It is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome. Italy was the native place of many civilizations such as the Italic peoples and the Etruscans, while due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, the country has also historically been home ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iosif Khriplovich
Iosif Benzionovich Khriplovich () (born 1937) is a Russian theoretical physicist Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experimen ... who has made deep contributions in quantum field theory, atomic physics, and general relativity. He is a Chief Researcher at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, and holds a Chair of Theoretical Physics at Novosibirsk State University. Dr. Khriplovich was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2000, and remains a Corresponding Member. He was awarded the 2004 "Silver Dirac Medal for the Advancement of Theoretical Physics" by University of New South Wales, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, and shared the 2005 Pomeranchuk Prize with Arkady Vainshtein ''For outstanding contribution to the understanding the properties ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arkady Vainshtein
Arkady Vainshtein (russian: Аркáдий Иóсифович Вайнштéйн; born 24 February 1942) is a Russian and American Professor Emeritus of Theoretical physics who was awarded Pomeranchuk Prize (2005) and Sakurai Prize (1999) for theoretical physics. Biography Vainshtein was born on 24 February 1942 in Novokuznetsk, Russia. He got his Ph.D. from Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia and master's degree from Novosibirsk University where he became a Professor. He was the director of William I Fine Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Minnesota where he currently serves as the Gloria Becker Lubkin chair and also holds a position as Professor since 1990. In 1997 he became a fellow at the APS and two years later was awarded Sakurai Prize. In 2004 he started to work for Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara, California, and a year later was awarded Pomeranchuk Prize from the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Skrinsky
Alexander Nikolayevich Skrinsky (Скринский, Александр Николаевич) (born 15 January 1936) is a Russian nuclear physicist. He was born in Orenburg and was educated at the high school in the city of Gorky and then at the Lomonosov Moscow State University. In 1957 he joined the laboratory of Gersh Budker, which was a part of the I. V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy (now the Kurchatov Institute). Since 1962, Skrinsky has been connected with the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, where he was director from 1977 to 2015. Skrinsky made a significant contribution to the development of the physics of accelerators and high-energy physics (in particular, he developed a method of colliding beams, he participated in the creation of new types of colliders in electron-electron, electron-positron and proton-antiproton beams). In 1964, together with Budker, he developed the foundations of the method of colliding beams, on the basis of which the world's first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Large Hadron Collider
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider. It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories, as well as more than 100 countries. It lies in a tunnel in circumference and as deep as beneath the France–Switzerland border near Geneva. The first collisions were achieved in 2010 at an energy of 3.5 teraelectronvolts (TeV) per beam, about four times the previous world record. After upgrades it reached 6.5 TeV per beam (13 TeV total collision energy). At the end of 2018, it was shut down for three years for further upgrades. The collider has four crossing points where the accelerated particles collide. Seven detectors, each designed to detect different phenomena, are positioned around the crossing points. The LHC primarily collides proton beams, but it can also accelerate beams of heavy ion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN (; ; ), is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world. Established in 1954, it is based in a northwestern suburb of Geneva, on the France–Switzerland border. It comprises 23 member states, and Israel (admitted in 2013) is currently the only non-European country holding full membership. CERN is an official United Nations General Assembly observer. The acronym CERN is also used to refer to the laboratory; in 2019, it had 2,660 scientific, technical, and administrative staff members, and hosted about 12,400 users from institutions in more than 70 countries. In 2016, CERN generated 49 petabytes of data. CERN's main function is to provide the particle accelerators and other infrastructure needed for high-energy physics research — consequently, numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN through international collaborations. CERN is the site of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neutron Capture Therapy Of Cancer
Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is a type of radiotherapy for treating locally invasive malignant tumors such as primary brain tumors, recurrent cancers of the head and neck region, and cutaneous and extracutaneous melanomas. It is a two-step process: ''first'', the patient is injected with a tumor-localizing drug containing the stable isotope boron-10 (B), which has a high propensity to capture low energy "thermal" neutrons. The neutron cross section of B (3,837 barns) is 1,000 times more than that of other elements, such as nitrogen, hydrogen, or oxygen, that occur in tissue. In the ''second'' step, the patient is radiated with epithermal neutrons, the sources of which in the past have been nuclear reactors and now are accelerators that produce higher energy epithermal neutrons. After losing energy as they penetrate tissue, the resultant low energy "thermal" neutrons are captured by the B atoms. The resulting decay reaction yields high-energy alpha particles that kill the cancer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gas Dynamic Trap
The Gas Dynamic Trap is a magnetic mirror machine being operated at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Akademgorodok, Russia. Technical specifications Dimensions The plasma inside the machine fills a cylinder of space, 7 meters long and 28 centimeters in diameter. The magnetic field varies along this tube. In the center the field is low; reaching (at most) 0.35 Teslas. The field rises to as high as 15 Teslas at the ends. This change in the strength is needed to reflect the particles and get them internally trapped (see: the magnetic mirror effect). Heating The plasma is heated using two methods, simultaneously. The first is neutral beam injection, where a hot (25 keV), neutral beam of material is shot into the machine at a rate of 5 megawatts. The second is Electron cyclotron resonance heating, where electromagnetic waves are used to heat a plasma, analogous to microwaving it. Performance As of 2016, the machine had achieved a plasma trapping beta of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penning Trap
A Penning trap is a device for the storage of charged particles using a homogeneous axial magnetic field and an inhomogeneous quadrupole electric field. This kind of trap is particularly well suited to precision measurements of properties of ions and stable subatomic particles, like for example mass, fission yields and isomeric yield ratios. Another example are geonium atoms, which have been created and studied this way, to measure the electron magnetic moment. Recently these traps have been used in the physical realization of quantum computation and quantum information processing by trapping qubits. Penning traps are used in many laboratories worldwide, including CERN, to store antimatter such as antiprotons. History The Penning trap was named after F. M. Penning (1894–1953) by Hans Georg Dehmelt (1922–2017) who built the first trap. Dehmelt got inspiration from the vacuum gauge built by F. M. Penning where a current through a discharge tube in a magnetic field is p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SND Experiment
Spherical Neutral DetectorSND is a detector for particle physics experiments, successor of the Neutral Detector ( ND), created by the team of physicists in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physicsbr>(BINP) Novosibirsk, Russia. There are three major periods in evolution of the SND experiment; * from 1995 to 2000 - data collection at the e+e− storage ringVEPP-2Min the energy range 2E=0.4-1.4 GeV, * from 2001 to 2008 upgrade of SNDref name="SND Upgrade"> and the storage ringbr>VEPP-2Mto VEPP-2000, * from 2009 - data collection at the e+e− storage ringVEPP-2000in the energy range 2E=1.0-2.0 GeV. Physics Previous experiment with ND (predecessor of SND) has shown that the e+e− annihilation in the final states with neutral particles in the energy range 2E=0.4-1.4 GeV is mediated by the processes which need to be studied in more details. In particular, * quark structure of the light scalar mesons can be studied in electric-dipole radiative decays \phi \to a_0(980) \gamma, ~~ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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