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Budapest Insurrection
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 10 November 1956; hu, 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was a countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the Hungarian domestic policies imposed by the Soviet Union (USSR). The Hungarian Revolution began on 23 October 1956 in Budapest when university students appealed to the civil populace to join them at the Hungarian Parliament Building to protest against the USSR's geopolitical domination of Hungary with the Stalinist government of Mátyás Rákosi. A delegation of students entered the building of Hungarian Radio to broadcast their sixteen demands for political and economic reforms to the civil society of Hungary, but they were instead detained by security guards. When the student protestors outside the radio building demanded the release of their delegation of students, policemen from the ÁVH (Államvédelmi Hatóság) state protection aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold War
The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945. Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military deployment, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, rivalry at sports events, and technological competitions such as the Space Race. The Western Bloc was led by the United States as well as a number of other First W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuzma Grebennik
Kuzma Yevdokimovich Grebennik (Russian: Кузьма Евдокимович Гребенник; 18 February 1900 – 22 September 1974) was a Red Army lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Grebennik served in the Soviet Border Troops both before and after World War II. During World War II, he commanded the 15th and 37th Guards Rifle Divisions. Early life Kuzma Grebennik was born on 18 February 1900 in the village of Bryansk in Slavyanoserbsk Uyezd in the Yekaterinoslav Governorate in a working-class family of Russian ethnicity. His father worked as a miner in the coal mines of the Donbass. Grebennik graduated from elementary school and became a sorter at the coal mine at the age of 10. In 1914, his family moved to the village of Kremen in Kharkov Governorate, where Grebennik graduated from a two-year college in 1915. In 1916, he became a worker at the Donets-Rubezhnyi Factory. Grebennik returned to the Donbass and became a worker at a coal mine in 1918. In May 1919 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Géza Losonczy
Géza Losonczy (5 May 1917, Érsekcsanád – 21 December 1957) was a Hungarian journalist and politician. He was associated with the reformist faction of the Hungarian communist party. During the 1956 Hungarian revolution, he joined the Imre Nagy government as minister of press and propaganda affairs. He and Zoltán Tildy held the government's last press conference on November 3. On November 4, as the Soviet army poured into Budapest, he took refuge in the Yugoslavia Embassy, and on November 22, he and the other members of the Imre Nagy group were arrested and transported to Romania. He was brought back to Budapest in mid-April 1957. While in captivity, awaiting trial for treason, Losonczy went on hunger strike. He was scheduled to stand trial as the second accused in the trial of Imre Nagy Imre Nagy (; 7 June 1896 – 16 June 1958) was a Hungarian communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (''de facto'' Prime Minister) of the Hungarian Peo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miklós Gimes
Miklós Gimes (23 December 1917 in Budapest – 16 June 1958) was a Hungarian journalist and politician, notable for his role in the 1956 Hungarian revolution. He was executed along with Imre Nagy and Pál Maléter in 1958 for treason. His parents were Hungarian Jews, psychiatrists, converts to the Unitarian faith, his mother, Lilly Hajdu was a physician, president of the Hungarian Psychoanalytical Association from 1947 until its forced dissolution in 1949.Anna Borgos, “Women in the History of Hungarian Psychoanalysis” (“Lilly Hajdu and the Encounters of Psychoanalysis and Politics”, p.165-167), in ''European Yearbook of the History of Psychology'', 2017, 3, Brepols, p.155—180. Gimes became involved in the Hungarian communist movement in 1942, and worked as a journalist in various communist newspapers. In 1955, he was expelled from the Hungarian Working People's Party for calling for the rehabilitation of László Rajk. As a political friend of Imre Nagy, his membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pál Maléter
Pál Maléter (4 September 1917 – 16 June 1958) was the military leader of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. Maléter was born to Hungarian parents in Eperjes, a city in Sáros County, in the northern part of Historical Hungary, today Prešov, Slovakia. He studied medicine at the Charles University, Prague, before moving to Budapest in 1938, going to the military academy there. He fought on the Eastern Front of World War II for the Axis, until captured by the Red Army. He became a communist, trained in sabotage, fought against the Germans in Transylvania and was sent back to Hungary, where he was noted for his courage and daring. In 1945 he joined the Hungarian Communist Party. In 1956 he was a Colonel and served with the General Staff in Budapest when during the Hungarian Uprising he was sent to relieve a unit at the Kilian barracks with some tanks and a company of officer cadets. However, only Maléter's tank arrived at the barracks, and with the permission of his superiors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imre Nagy
Imre Nagy (; 7 June 1896 – 16 June 1958) was a Hungarian communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (''de facto'' Prime Minister) of the Hungarian People's Republic from 1953 to 1955. In 1956 Nagy became leader of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 against the Soviet-backed government, for which he was sentenced to death and executed two years later. Nagy was a committed communist from soon after the Russian Revolution, and through the 1920s he engaged in underground party activity in Hungary. Living in the Soviet Union from 1930, he served the Soviet NKVD secret police as an informer from 1933 to 1941, denouncing over 200 colleagues, who were then purged and arrested and 15 of whom were executed. Nagy returned to Hungary shortly before the end of World War II, and served in various offices as the Hungarian Working People's Party (MDP) took control of Hungary in the late 1940s and the country entered the Soviet sphere of influence. He served as I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antal Apró
Antal Apró (8 February 1913 – 9 December 1994) was a Hungarian Communist politician, who served as Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary between 1971 and 1984. Early life Born in Szeged, Apró was brought up in orphanages. He arrived in Makó in 1916, where he completed an elementary education. He then went to work as a house-painter in Budapest. He became a member of the Mémosz in 1930 and of the Hungarian Communist Party in 1931. In 1935, he was among the organizers of a building-workers' strike and active in the United Trade-Union Opposition. He was elected to the national board of Mémosz in 1938. Apró was arrested and interned several times for his illegal activity. In September 1944, he joined the Central Committee of the Peace Party, in charge of obtaining the weapons required for resistance. Political career On January 22, 1945, Apró became head of the trade-union department at the Hungarian Communist Party, moving to head the Mass Organizations and Mass Lab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferenc Münnich
Ferenc Münnich (; 18 November 1886 – 29 November 1967) was a Hungarian Communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Hungary from 1958 to 1961. He served in the Austro-Hungarian Army in World War I, and fought in the Eastern front. He was captured in 1915, then deported to a lager in Tomsk, Siberia. In 1918, he was freed and returned to Hungary. He participated in the government of the 1919 Hungarian Soviet Republic. He fought in the Spanish Civil War and was commissar of Rakosi Battalion of XIII International Brigade. Hugh Thomas, ''The Spanish Civil War'', 4th Rev. Ed. 2001, p 927 He joined the Hungarian Communist Party in October 1945. After World War II, he returned from exile and became a chief police superintendent of Budapest. In 1956 Hungarian Revolution, first he was officially part of the Imre Nagy government, serving as interior minister from 27 to 31 October, then fled to Soviet Union. He returned with Já ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
János Kádár
János József Kádár (; ; 26 May 1912 – 6 July 1989), born János József Czermanik, was a Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, a position he held for 32 years. Declining health led to his retirement in 1988, and he died in 1989 after being hospitalized for pneumonia. Kádár was born in Fiume in poverty to a single mother. After living in the countryside for some years, Kádár and his mother moved to Budapest. He joined the Party of Communists in Hungary's youth organization, KIMSZ, and went on to become a prominent figure in the pre-1939 Communist Party, eventually becoming First Secretary. As a leader, he would dissolve the party and reorganize it as the Peace Party, but the new party failed to win much popular support. After World War II, with Soviet support, the Communist Party took power in Hungary. Kádár rose through the Party ranks, serving as Interior Minister from 1948 to 1950. In 1951 he was impris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
István Bata
István Bata (5 March 1910 – 17 August 1982) was a Hungarian military officer and politician who served as Minister of Defence from 1953 to 1956. Biography A factory worker, Bata joined the Social Democratic Party of Hungary in 1930. He was arrested in 1942 by the police for hid political activities and our under supervision. After the end of the Second World War, From 1945 he became a member of the Central Management of the Public Employees' Trade Union, and then became the site manager of Budapest Metropolitan Transport Company. From 1947 to 1949 he was a student at the Moscow Military Academy. In 1950, he was appointed Air Defense Commander and then Chief of Staff. From 1951 he was an alternate member of the Central Executive of the Hungarian Working People's Party and from 1953 he was a full member. From 4 July 1953 to 24 October 1956 he was Minister of Defense. In this capacity in 1955 he was a member of the Warsaw Pact to the signatory Hungarian delegation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
László Piros
László Piros (10 May 1917 – 13 January 2006) was a Hungarian communist politician and military officer, who served as Interior Minister between 1954 and 1956. Career Piros was born in to an impoverished peasant family. He fought in the Second World War, but he was captured by the Soviets at Voronezh (January 1943). After that he took part in the antifascist movements. Piros worked as a partisan during the end of the war. He was a member of the Provisional National Assembly. Following the arrest of Gábor Péter, Piros led State Protection Authority (ÁVH) from 1953. As Interior Minister he reexamined the previous years' show trials. During the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 he left the country along with Ernő Gerő and András Hegedüs for the Soviet Union on 28 October, but returned to the country on 3 November. On 10 November, at the request of Hungarian dictator János Kádár, he was sent back to the Soviet Union, and he was stripped of his parliamentary mandate on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
András Hegedüs
András Hegedüs (; 31 October 1922 – 23 October 1999) was a Hungary, Hungarian Communist politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary, Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1955 to 1956. He fled to the Soviet Union on 28 October, the fifth day of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, but returned in 1958 and taught sociology. Early years Coming from a poor family, he finished high school in Sopron at the Evangelical Academy. Hegedüs first became involved in the underground communist movement during his university years and became a member of illegal Hungarian Communist Party when he studied railway engineering at Budapest Technical University in 1942. He was not able to finish his studies and was put under house arrest in the August 1944 for two years but managed to escape at the end of November. He became part of the interim government on 24 June 1945. 1945–1990 In 1947 he married Zsuzsanna Hölzel (1922-1998); they had six children. From 1948 onwards Hegedüs bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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