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Bu Halim Shaybani Family
The Bu Halim Shaybani family ( fa, بو حلیم شیبانی), also simply known as the Bu Halim family (بو حلیم), was a family of governors and military commanders from Khorasan, which served the Ghaznavid Empire during the 11th and 12th-century. History The family was native to Jajarm in north-western Khorasan, but under its eponymous founder Bu Halim, the family migrated further west to eastern Khorasan, then ruled by the Ghaznavid Sultan Ibrahim (r. 1059-1099). The life of Bu Halim's son, Najm al-Din Zarir, is more known; he was a commander under the Ibrahim's son and successor Mas'ud III (r. 1099-1115) and is known to have made raids into India; he invaded Malwa and then further penetrated to Kalinjar and then as far to the Ganges. After this, Najm al-Din Zarir is no longer mentioned in any sources, and mention of the family first re-appears during the reign of Arslan-Shah, where two Bu Halim notables are mentioned; Imad al-Dawla Muhammad ibn Ali, the commander-in- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Khorasan
Greater Khorāsān,Dabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed. Tehran, Zavvâr: 1375 (Solar Hijri Calendar) 235–236 or Khorāsān ( pal, Xwarāsān; fa, خراسان ), is a historical eastern region in the Iranian Plateau between Western and Central Asia. The name ''Khorāsān'' is Persian and means "where the sun arrives from" or "the Eastern Province".Sykes, M. (1914). "Khorasan: The Eastern Province of Persia". ''Journal of the Royal Society of Arts'', 62(3196), 279-286.A compound of ''khwar'' (meaning "sun") and ''āsān'' (from ''āyān'', literally meaning "to come" or "coming" or "about to come"). Thus the name ''Khorasan'' (or ''Khorāyān'' ) means "sunrise", viz. " Orient, East"Humbach, Helmut, and Djelani Davari, "Nāmé Xorāsān", Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Persian translation by Djelani Davari, published in Iranian Languages Studies Website. MacKenzie, D. (1971). ''A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary'' (p. 95). London: Oxford University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imad Al-Dawla Muhammad Ibn Ali
Imad al-Dawla Muhammad ibn Ali ( fa, عماد الدوله محمد بن علی), was a military officer from the Bu Halim Shaybani family, who served as the commander-in-chief in India under the Ghaznavids. Biography Imad al-Dawla Muhammad belonged to the Bu Halim Shaybani family; he was the son of a certain Ali, and had a brother named Rabi ibn Ali. The last mentioned member of the Bu Halim before Imad al-Dawla Muhammad was Najm al-Din Zarir, who was the son of Bu Halim, the eponymous founder of the family. Imad al-Dawla Muhammad and his brother are first mentioned during the reign of Sultan Arslan-Shah, where Imad al-Dawla Muhammad is mentioned as the commander-in-chief (''sipahsalar'') of the Ghaznavid army in India, and his brother Rabi ibn Ali is also mentioned, but his office is unknown. However, Arslan-Shah's reign turned out short; his mother, a Seljuq princess named Gawhar Khatun was treated badly, which resulted in her brother Ahmad Sanjar to invade Arslan-Shah's dom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikalids
The Mikalid family (), also known as the Mikalis, was a prominent Iranian aristocratic family of Khorasan from the 9th century to the 11th century. They were descended from the pre-Islamic nobility of Samarkand. History The family were descendants of the Sasanian king Bahram V Gur (420-438). A descendant of Bahram V bore the title of ''sur'' and ruled Sogdia probably during the sixth century. There were five members of the family bearing the title of ''sur'', the fifth of the family was a certain Divashtich, who according to Sogdian and Arabic documents found in 1933, bore the titles of "Sogdian king", "ruler of Samarkand" and "ruler of Panjikant". In 722, Divashtich was defeated and killed by the Arabs in Zarafshan, and his son Tarkhun was taken as a prisoner of war to Iraq, where his family lived for three generations. In the fourth generation, a member of the family named Mikal ibn Abd al-Wahid, settled in Khorasan at the beginning of the ninth century, where his descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mu'tasim Ibn Muhammad
Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd ( ar, أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون الرشيد; October 796 – 5 January 842), better known by his regnal name al-Muʿtaṣim biʾllāh (, ), was the eighth Abbasid caliph, ruling from 833 until his death in 842. A younger son of Caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809), he rose to prominence through his formation of a private army composed predominantly of Turkic slave-soldiers (, sing. ). This proved useful to his half-brother, Caliph al-Ma'mun, who employed al-Mu'tasim and his Turkish guard to counterbalance other powerful interest groups in the state, as well as employing them in campaigns against rebels and the Byzantine Empire. When al-Ma'mun died unexpectedly on campaign in August 833, al-Mu'tasim was thus well placed to succeed him, overriding the claims of al-Ma'mun's son al-Abbas. Al-Mu'tasim continued many of his brother's policies, such as the partnership with the Tahirids, who governed Khurasan and Baghda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lahore
Lahore ( ; pnb, ; ur, ) is the second most populous city in Pakistan after Karachi and 26th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 13 million. It is the capital of the province of Punjab where it is the largest city. Lahore is one of Pakistan's major industrial and economic hubs, with an estimated GDP ( PPP) of $84 billion as of 2019. It is the largest city as well as the historic capital and cultural centre of the wider Punjab region,Lahore Cantonment globalsecurity.org and is one of Pakistan's most , progressiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghazni
Ghazni ( prs, غزنی, ps, غزني), historically known as Ghaznain () or Ghazna (), also transliterated as Ghuznee, and anciently known as Alexandria in Opiana ( gr, Αλεξάνδρεια Ωπιανή), is a city in southeastern Afghanistan with a population of around 190,000 people. The city is strategically located along Highway 1, which has served as the main road between Kabul and Kandahar for thousands of years. Situated on a plateau at 2,219 metres (7,280 ft) above sea level, the city is south of Kabul and is the capital of Ghazni Province. Ghazni Citadel, the Minarets of Ghazni, the Palace of Sultan Mas'ud III, and several other cultural heritage sites have brought travelers and archeologists to the city for centuries. During the pre-Islamic period, the area was inhabited by various tribes who practiced different religions including Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and Hinduism. Arab Muslims introduced Islam to Ghazni in the 7th century and were followed in the 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahram-Shah Of Ghazna
Bahram-Shah (full name:''Yamin ad-Dawlah wa Amin al-Milla Abul-Muzaffar Bahram-Shah'') (1084 – 1157) was Sultan of the Ghaznavid empire from 25 February 1117 to 1152. Son of Mas'ud III and Gawhar Khatun, sister of Sanjar, sultan of the Great Seljuq empire. During his entire reign, his empire was a tributary of the Great Seljuq empire. Removes Arslan Shah Following the murder of Sultan Shirzad by Arslan Shah in 1116 and the latter's usurpation of the Ghaznavid throne, Bahram marched an army from Zamin-Dawar to assert his claim to the throne. Arslan and Bahram's forces met at Tiginabad, whereupon Bahram was defeated and fled to the Seljuk court in Khurasan. Gaining support from Sanjar, sultan of the Great Seljuq empire, Bahram returned with a Seljuq army and defeated Arslan Shah's army at the Battle of Ghazni. A decisive battle occurred just outside Ghazna on the plain of Shahrabad, again resulting in Arslan's defeat and he fled to the Ghaznavid territories in northern India. Bah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Sanjar
Senjer ( fa, ; full name: ''Muizz ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abul-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah'') (''b''. 1085 – ''d''. 8 May 1157) was the Seljuq ruler of Khorasan from 1097 until in 1118,"SANJAR, Aḥmad b. Malekšāh" ''Encyclopædia Iranica'' when he became the Sultan of the , which he ruled until his death in 1157. Early years Sanjar was born in ca. 1086 in , a town situated in northwestern |
Gawhar Khatun
Gawhar Khatun ( fa, گوهر خاتون, also spelled Gowhar, Gohar, Jauhar, and Jawhar), known in other sources as Mahd-i Iraq (“the bride from Persian Iraq”), was a Seljuq princess who during an unknown date married the Ghaznavid ''Sultan'' Mas'ud III of Ghazni (r. 1099–1115), thus becoming his second wife. Biography Gawhar was the daughter of Sultan Malik-Shah I, and lived in Persian Iraq, until she was in 1073 betrothed to Mas'ud III, and married the latter. According to some sources, Gawhar was the mother of Mas'ud III's son Arslan-Shah, while some other sources states that she was his stepmother. Nevertheless, during Arslan-Shah's reign, Gawhar was treated badly, which resulted in her brother Ahmad Sanjar Senjer ( fa, ; full name: ''Muizz ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abul-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah'') (''b''. 1085 – ''d''. 8 May 1157) was the Seljuq ruler of Khorasan from 1097 until in 1118, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seljuq Empire
The Great Seljuk Empire, or the Seljuk Empire was a high medieval, culturally Turko-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, founded and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks. It spanned a total area of from Anatolia and the Levant in the west to the Hindu Kush in the east, and from Central Asia in the north to the Persian Gulf in the south. The Seljuk Empire was founded in 1037 by Tughril (990–1063) and his brother Chaghri (989–1060), both of whom co-ruled over its territories; there are indications that the Seljuk leadership otherwise functioned as a triumvirate and thus included Musa Yabghu, the uncle of the aforementioned two. From their homelands near the Aral Sea, the Seljuks advanced first into Khorasan and into the Iranian mainland, where they would become largely based as a Persianate society. They then moved west to conquer Baghdad, filling up the power vacuum that had been caused by struggles between the Arab Abbasid Caliphate and the Iranian Buyid Empire. The subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabi Ibn Ali
Rabi may refer to: Places * Rábí, a castle in the Czech Republic * Rabí, a village in the Czech Republic * Räbi, a village in Estonia * Rabi, Panchthar, a village development committee in Nepal * Rabi Island, a volcanic island in northern Fiji People *RABI (artist) (David Torres; born 1984), American visual artist *Abd al-Malik ibn Rabi, a narrator of hadith *Al-Rabi ibn Abu al-Huqayq (fl. 622), Jewish poet of the Banu al-Nadir in Medina * Al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym (died c. 682), tabi'i ascetic of Kufa *Amir Hossein Rabii (died 1979), Iranian Air Force commander *Ashur-rabi II (1013 BC–972 BC), Assyrian king *Isidor Isaac Rabi (1898–1988), Nobel Prize-winning Austrian-American physicist *Kenana ibn al-Rabi (7th century), Jewish tribal leader and opponent of Muhammad *Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith (c.566-c.640), sahaba (companion) of Muhammad *Rabia Balkhi (10th century), Persian poet *Rabi Ghosh (1931–1997), Indian actor *Rabi ibn Sabra, a narrator of hadith *Rabi ibn Sabih, Islamic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sipahsalar
''Ispahsālār'' ( fa, اسپهسالار) or ''sipahsālār'' (; "army commander"), in Arabic rendered as ''isfahsalār'' () or ''iṣbahsalār'' (), was a title used in much of the Islamic world during the 10th–15th centuries, to denote the senior-most military commanders but also as a generic general officer rank. Islamic East and Persia The title derives from Middle Persian ''spāh-sālār'' (),"Kursi-i hazrat Zartosht"''Nirangs'' already attested in Pazend texts of the 9th century. It was the equivalent of the old Sasanian title of ''Spahbed'' (New Persian ''ispahbadh''), which during the Islamic era fell out of general use and became a regnal title among certain local dynasties in Tabaristan and Khurasan. The titles of ''Ispahsalar'' and ''Sipahsalar'' came into prominence in the Islamic world in the later 10th century, with the rise to power of Iranian dynasties during the so-called "Iranian Intermezzo". In its sense of " commander-in-chief", the title was used in para ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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