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Brugia Malayi
''Brugia malayi'' is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm), one of the three causative agents of lymphatic filariasis in humans. Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a condition characterized by swelling of the lower limbs. The two other filarial causes of lymphatic filariasis are ''Wuchereria bancrofti'' and '' Brugia timori'', which both differ from ''B. malayi'' morphologically, symptomatically, and in geographical extent. ''B. malayi'' is transmitted by '' Mansonia'' mosquitoes and is restricted to South and Southeast Asia. It is one of the tropical diseases targeted for elimination by the year 2020 by the World Health Organization, which has spurred vaccine and drug development, as well as new methods of vector control. Signs and symptoms ''B. malayi'' is one of the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis, a condition marked by infection and swelling of the lymphatic system. The disease is primarily caused by the presence of worms in the lympha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giemsa Stain
Giemsa stain (), named after German chemist and bacteriologist Gustav Giemsa, is a nucleic acid stain used in cytogenetics and for the histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites. Uses It is specific for the phosphate groups of DNA and attaches itself to regions of DNA where there are high amounts of adenine-thymine bonding. Giemsa stain is used in Giemsa banding, commonly called G-banding, to stain chromosomes and often used to create a Karyotype, karyogram (chromosome map). It can identify chromosomal aberrations such as chromosomal translocation, translocations and chromosomal inversion, rearrangements. It stains the trophozoite ''Trichomonas vaginalis'', which presents with greenish discharge and motile cells on wet prep. Giemsa stain is also a Differential staining, differential stain, such as when it is combined with Wright's stain, Wright stain to form Wright-Giemsa stain. It can be used to study the adherence of pathogenic bacteria to human cells. It dif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and north-west of mainland Australia. Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia (continent), Australia and the Indian Ocean. Apart from the British Indian Ocean Territory and two out of atolls of Maldives, 26 atolls of Maldives in South Asia, Maritime Southeast Asia is the only other subregion of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere. Mainland Southeast Asia is completely in the Northern Hemisphere. East Timor and the southern portion of Indonesia are the only parts that are south of the Equator. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brugia Pahangi
''Brugia pahangi'' is a parasitic roundworm belonging to the genus ''Brugia''. It is a filarial nematode The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ... known to infect the lymph vessels of domestic cats and wild animals, causing a disease filariasis. Geographic location ''Brugia pahangi'' have been found in cats in Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. A large population of cats, more specifically stray cats, are infected with the parasite. When the nematode was first being studied, a report by Mak et al. (1980) reported that 11% of cats sampled in the Peninsular Malaysia were infected. In Thailand, 25% of the blood samples take from 83 cats residing in Buddhist temples carried the worm (Palmieri et al., 1985). Morphology The size is approximately 280 μm long by 5–6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wolbachia
''Wolbachia'' is a genus of intracellular bacteria that infects mainly arthropod species, including a high proportion of insects, and also some nematodes. It is one of the most common parasitic microbes, and is possibly the most common reproductive parasite in the biosphere. Its interactions with its hosts are often complex, and in some cases have evolved to be mutualistic rather than parasitic. Some host species cannot reproduce, or even survive, without ''Wolbachia'' colonisation. One study concluded that more than 16% of neotropical insect species carry bacteria of this genus, and as many as 25 to 70% of all insect species are estimated to be potential hosts. History The genus was first identified in 1924 by Marshall Hertig and Simeon Burt Wolbach in the common house mosquito. They described it as "a somewhat pleomorphic, rodlike, Gram-negative, intracellular organism hatapparently infects only the ovaries and testes". Hertig formally described the species in 1936, and pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine is a medication used in the treatment of filariasis including lymphatic filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis. It may also be used for prevention of loiasis in those at high risk. While it has been used for onchocerciasis (river blindness), ivermectin is preferred. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include itching, facial swelling, headaches, and feeling tired. Other side effects include vision loss and dizziness. It is a recommended treatment in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the baby. The World Health Organization; however, recommends waiting until after pregnancy for treatment when feasible. It is made from 4-methyl-piperazine. Diethylcarbamazine was discovered in 1947 by Yellapragada Subbarow. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is not commercially available in the United States but can be acquired from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Medical uses Diethylcarbamazine is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siphon (insect)
A siphon is a tubular organ of the respiratory system of some insects that spend a significant amount of their time underwater, that serves as a breathing tube. The larvae of several kinds of insects, including mosquitoes, tabanid flies, and Belostomatidae) live in the water and breathe through a siphon. Some adult insects which spend considerable time underwater have an abdominal breathing tube. For example adult water scorpions have the caudal process which consists of a pair of half-tubes capable of being locked together to form a siphon by means of which air is conducted to the tracheae at the apex of the abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the to ... when the tip of the tube is thrust above the surface of the water. In immature forms the siphon is undeveloped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Setaria Cervi
''Setaria cervi'' is a species of parasitic roundworms belonging to the genus ''Setaria''. It infects cattle, bison, yak, reindeer, buffalo, moose, and sheep all over the world. It is most prevalent in Europe and Asia. Different species of ''Aedes'' mosquito can transmit the filarial worm. Stable fly ''Haematobia stimulans'' is the major vector. The mature roundworms are primarily present in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity, but are capable of migrating to central nervous system causing serious neurological disease. Description ''Setaria cervi'' shows sexual dimorphism as a typical roundworm. Males are relatively smaller measuring 50 mm long and 40 μm wide, while females are much larger measuring 100 mm long and 750 μm wide. Males can be distinguished from those of other species from showing horn-like lateral appendages and characteristic striated bands on the ventral side of the tail. The larvae (microfilariae) are very small and only about 200 μm long. The infec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immunochromatographic
Affinity chromatography is a method of separating a biomolecule from a mixture, based on a highly specific macromolecular binding interaction between the biomolecule and another substance. The specific type of binding interaction depends on the biomolecule of interest; antigen and antibody, enzyme and substrate, receptor and ligand, or protein and nucleic acid binding interactions are frequently exploited for isolation of various biomolecules. Affinity chromatography is useful for its high selectivity and resolution of separation, compared to other chromatographic methods. Principle Affinity chromatography has the advantage of specific binding interactions between the analyte of interest (normally dissolved in the mobile phase), and a binding partner or ligand (immobilized on the stationary phase). In a typical affinity chromatography experiment, the ligand is attached to a solid, insoluble matrix—usually a polymer such as agarose or polyacrylamide—chemically modified to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ELISA
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (, ) is a commonly used analytical biochemistry assay, first described by Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmann in 1971. The assay uses a solid-phase type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect the presence of a ligand (commonly a protein) in a liquid sample using antibodies directed against the protein to be measured. ELISA has been used as a diagnostic tool in medicine, plant pathology, and biotechnology, as well as a quality control check in various industries. In the most simple form of an ELISA, antigens from the sample to be tested are attached to a surface. Then, a matching antibody is applied over the surface so it can bind the antigen. This antibody is linked to an enzyme and then any unbound antibodies are removed. In the final step, a substance containing the enzyme's substrate is added. If there was binding, the subsequent reaction produces a detectable signal, most commonly a color change. Performing an ELISA involves at least ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giemsa Staining
Giemsa stain (), named after German chemist and bacteriologist Gustav Giemsa, is a nucleic acid stain used in cytogenetics and for the histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites. Uses It is specific for the phosphate groups of DNA and attaches itself to regions of DNA where there are high amounts of adenine-thymine bonding. Giemsa stain is used in Giemsa banding, commonly called G-banding, to stain chromosomes and often used to create a karyogram (chromosome map). It can identify chromosomal aberrations such as translocations and rearrangements. It stains the trophozoite ''Trichomonas vaginalis'', which presents with greenish discharge and motile cells on wet prep. Giemsa stain is also a differential stain, such as when it is combined with Wright stain to form Wright-Giemsa stain. It can be used to study the adherence of pathogenic bacteria to human cells. It differentially stains human and bacterial cells purple and pink respectively. It can be used for his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Life Cycle
Life cycle, life-cycle, or lifecycle may refer to: Science and academia *Biological life cycle, the sequence of life stages that an organism undergoes from birth to reproduction ending with the production of the offspring *Life-cycle hypothesis, in economics *Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, in psychoanalysis Business * Enterprise life cycle, the process of changing a business enterprise *Project life cycle *Product lifecycle, the stages in the lifespan of a commercial or consumer product *New product development, the process of bringing a new product to market *Life-cycle assessment, the analysis of the environmental impacts associated with a product *Technology lifecycle, the commercial gain of a product Software *Software development life cycle *Software release life cycle *Object lifetime of an object in object-oriented programming *Program lifecycle phases are the stages a computer program undergoes, from initial creation to deployment and execution Systems e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aedes
''Aedes'' is a genus of mosquitoes originally found in tropical and subtropical zones, but now found on all continents except perhaps Antarctica. Some species have been spread by human activity: ''Aedes albopictus'', a particularly invasive species, was spread to the New World, including the United States, in the 1980s, by the used-tire trade. First described and named by German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818, the generic name comes from the Ancient Greek ἀηδής, ''aēdēs'', meaning "unpleasant" or "odious". The type species for ''Aedes'' is ''Aedes cinereus''.. Systematics and phylogeny The genus was named by Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818. The generic name comes from the Ancient Greek ἀηδής, ''aēdēs'', meaning "unpleasant" or "odious". As historically defined, the genus contains over 700 species (see the list of ''Aedes'' species). The genus has been divided into several subgenera (''Aedes'', '' Diceromyia'', '' Finlaya'', ''Stegomyia'', etc.) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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