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Brokmerland
The Brokmerland is a landscape and an historic territory, located in western East Frisia, which covers the area in and around the present-day communities of Brookmerland and Südbrookmerland. The Brokmerland borders in the east on the Harlingerland and in the north on the Norderland. The historic Brokmerland is usually written with only one "o". Occasionally one also finds the spelling "Broekmerland" ("oe" pronounced as a long "o"), while today's communities have chosen to spell the name with a double "o". Etymology The name comes from the Old Frisian and Old Low German word ''brōk'', which meant a moor-like carr landscape that had been very sparsely settled. It stretched from the western edge of the East Frisian geest ridge, from the Ley (Norder Tief) to the Flumm ( Fehntjer Tief), and was characterised by numerous shallow lakes from the Großes Meer to the Sandwater. The suffix ''mer'' is derived from ''mann'' (i.e. "man") with the possessive suffix ''-er''. History ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tom Brok
The tom Brok family (, also: tom Broke, tom Brook, tom Broek, ten Brok, ten Broke; equivalent to Dutch , "at the marsh") were a powerful East Frisian line of chieftains, originally from the Norderland on the North Sea coast of Germany. From the second half of the 14th century, the tom Broks tried to gain control of East Frisia over the other chieftain families. The line of tom Brok died out in 1435. Rise and fall The earliest historically documented representative of the family is Keno Kenesna, who in 1309 was one of the three '' consules et advocati terrae Nordensis''. Originally, the family's property in Brokmerland was probably not very large. Descendants had already ruled the parishes of Uttum and Visquard around 1347 and the family was one of the most influential in the Emsigerland and the Norderland. In Brokmerland the tom Broks maintained a Redgerhof in Engerhafe, which gave the owner the right to exercise the office of judge. Keno Hilmerisna was elected chief by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brokmerbrief
__NOTOC__ The Brokmerbrief or Law of Brokmerland is the early 13th-century law code of the ''brocmanni'', the inhabitants of Brokmerland, west of Aurich in East Frisia. The area had been placed under cultivation and settled by the end of the 12th century. It survives in two manuscripts. The work is sometimes referred to as the Brookmerbrief, using the modern spelling of "Brookmerland". The Brokmerbrief is the most complete source on Frisian law. It describes the polity and judicial system of a country whose law was based on the will of the assembled people (the 'Frisian freedom'): political and judicial power was in the hands of functionaries selected annually from the ranks of the farmers, who were known as ''redjeven'' (consuls, counsellors); their power in turn was regulated by the Brokmerbrief. The period of independent rural self-rule came to an end by about the mid-14th century. However, unlike for example Emsigerland, Brokmerland remained a discrete unit, since the Brokmerb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norderland
The Norderland was a historic territory, set on the northwestern edge of East Frisia immediately next to the Wadden Sea off North Germany, which embraced a wide area around the town of Norden. The Norderland was bordered in the east by the Harlingerland and in the south by the Brokmerland. Today, Norderland refers to the area containing the borough of Norden, the collective municipality of Hage, Großheide and Dornum. Occasionally the term Norderland is also used to refer to the territory of the former district of Norden. Historically, however, this also included parts of Bro(o)kmerland and Emsigerland The Emsigerland, or Emderland was a historic region on the western edge of East Frisia by the Wadden Sea, which covered a wide area around the town of Emden. The Emsigerland borders in the north on the Federgau, in the northeast on the Brokmerland .... Alpha 3 Code=NDL References History of East Frisia {{LowerSaxony-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auricherland
The Auricherland was an historic region, in central East Frisia, which covered a large area around the town of Aurich in north Germany. The Auricherland bordered in the west on the Brokmerland, in the north on the Norderland and the Harlingerland, in the east on Östringen Östringen ( South Franconian: ''Öschdringe'') is a town in Northern Karlsruhe district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Östringen is a twin town A sister city or a twin town relationship is a form of legal or social agreement between two ... and in the south on the Lengenerland and the Moormerland. History of East Frisia {{EastFrisia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Frisia
East Frisia or East Friesland (german: Ostfriesland; ; stq, Aastfräislound) is a historic region in the northwest of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is primarily located on the western half of the East Frisian peninsula, to the east of West Frisia and to the west of Landkreis Friesland. Administratively, East Frisia consists of the districts Aurich, Leer and Wittmund and the city of Emden. It has a population of approximately 469,000 people and an area of . There is a chain of islands off the coast, called the East Frisian Islands (''Ostfriesische Inseln''). From west to east, these islands are: Borkum, Juist, Norderney, Baltrum, Langeoog and Spiekeroog. History The geographical region of East Frisia was inhabited in Paleolithic times by reindeer hunters of the Hamburg culture. Later there were Mesolithic and Neolithic settlements of various cultures. The period after prehistory can only be reconstructed from archaeological evidence. Access to the early history of East Fris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brookmerland
Brookmerland is a ''Samtgemeinde'' ("collective municipality") in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated southeast of Norden. Its seat is in the village Marienhafe. The ''Samtgemeinde'' Brookmerland consists of the following municipalities: # Leezdorf # Marienhafe # Osteel Osteel is a municipality in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. History The village was first mentioned in 1164 . The early settlement was on the edge of a moor. The arms of the municipality shows a golden crown at the top on a bl ... # Rechtsupweg # Upgant-Schott # Wirdum Samtgemeinden in Lower Saxony Towns and villages in East Frisia {{Aurich-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostfriesland Um 1300
East Frisia or East Friesland (german: Ostfriesland; ; stq, Aastfräislound) is a historic region in the northwest of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is primarily located on the western half of the East Frisian peninsula, to the east of West Frisia and to the west of Landkreis Friesland. Administratively, East Frisia consists of the districts Aurich, Leer and Wittmund and the city of Emden. It has a population of approximately 469,000 people and an area of . There is a chain of islands off the coast, called the East Frisian Islands (''Ostfriesische Inseln''). From west to east, these islands are: Borkum, Juist, Norderney, Baltrum, Langeoog and Spiekeroog. History The geographical region of East Frisia was inhabited in Paleolithic times by reindeer hunters of the Hamburg culture. Later there were Mesolithic and Neolithic settlements of various cultures. The period after prehistory can only be reconstructed from archaeological evidence. Access to the early history of East F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Frisian Chieftains
The East Frisian chieftains (german: Häuptlinge, Low German: ''hovetlinge / hovedlinge'') assumed positions of power in East Frisia during the course of the 14th century, after the force of the old, egalitarian constitution from the time of Frisian Freedom had markedly waned. Early history East Frisia was not under any centralised rule, as was common elsewhere at the time of feudalism during the Middle Ages. By the 12th and 13th centuries the "free Frisians" as they called themselves had organised themselves into quasi-cooperative parishes (''Landesgemeinden''), in which every member had equal rights, at least in principle. This fundamental equality applied to all owners of farmsteads and their attached estates in their respective villages and church parishes. The public offices of the judges or '' Redjeven'' (Latin: ''consules'') were appointed by annual elections. In practice, several ''nobiles'' stood out amongst these ''universitas'': the public offices were frequently oc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krummhörn
Krummhörn is a municipality in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the Ems estuary, approximately 15 km southwest of Norden, and 10 km northwest of Emden. The community (Gemeinde) of Krummhörn comprises 19 villages, and their official population as of 31 December 2008 is as follows: Notable people * Eggerik Beninga (1490–1562), a chronicler of the Frisians, was born in Grimersum. *David Folkerts-Landau David Folkerts-Landau (born May 21, 1949) is a German born economist. He became member of the Deutsche Bank Group Executive Committee in 2012 and was named chief economist of Deutsche Bank on 1 June 2012. He is based in London. Born in Upleward, ... (born 1949), German economist References Towns and villages in East Frisia Aurich (district) {{EastFrisia-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diocese Of Münster
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associated in a larger unit, the diocese (Latin ''dioecesis'', from the Greek term διοίκησις, meaning "administration"). Christianity was given legal status in 313 with the Edict of Milan. Churches began to organize themselves into dioceses based on the civil dioceses, not on the larger regional imperial districts. These dioceses were often smaller than the provinces. Christianity was declared the Empire's official religion by Theodosius I in 380. Constantine I in 318 gave litigants the right to have court cases transferred from the civil courts to the bishops. This situation must have hardly survived Julian, 361–363. Episcopal courts are not heard of again in the East until 398 and in the West in 408. The quality of these courts was l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
