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British Approved Name
A British Approved Name (BAN) is the official, non-proprietary, or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance, as defined in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP). The BAN is also the official name used in some countries around the world, because starting in 1953, proposed new names were evaluated by a panel of experts from WHO in conjunction with the BP commission to ensure naming consistency worldwide (an effort leading to the International Nonproprietary Name system). There is also a British Approved Name (Modified) (BANM). Combination preparations BANs are unique in that names are assigned for combination preparations as well as single-drug preparations. For example, the BAN Co-amoxiclav is assigned to preparations containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Most other pharmacopoeias simply refer to combination products by both ingredients in the preparation, in this example "amoxicillin with clavulanic acid". The prefix of "co-" is used for many combination drugs, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharmaceutical
A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. Drug therapy (pharmacotherapy) is an important part of the medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement and on pharmacy for appropriate management. Drugs are classified in multiple ways. One of the key divisions is by level of control, which distinguishes prescription drugs (those that a pharmacist dispenses only on the order of a physician, physician assistant, or qualified nurse) from over-the-counter drugs (those that consumers can order for themselves). Another key distinction is between traditional small molecule drugs, usually derived from chemical synthesis, and biopharmaceuticals, which include recombinant proteins, vaccines, blood products used therapeutically (such as IVIG), gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies and cell therapy (for instance, stem cell therapies) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lomotil
Diphenoxylate/atropine, also known as co-phenotrope, is a combination of the medications diphenoxylate and atropine, used to treat diarrhea. It should not be used in those in whom ''Clostridioides difficile'' infection is a concern. It is taken by mouth. Onset is typically within an hour. Side effects may include abdominal pain, angioedema, glaucoma, heart problems, feeling tired, dry mouth, and trouble seeing. It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe and use when breastfeeding may result in side effects in the baby. It works by decreasing contractions of the bowel. The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 1960. It is available as a generic medication. In 2019, it was the 339th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 900thousand prescriptions. It is sold under the brand name Lomotil among others. The medication is in Schedule V in the United States. Contraindications Absolute contraindications are: * Patients u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Co-cyprindiol
Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate (EE/CPA), also known as co-cyprindiol and sold under the brand names Diane and Diane-35 among others, is a combination drug, combination of ethinylestradiol (EE), an estrogen (medication), estrogen, and cyproterone acetate (CPA), a progestin and antiandrogen, which is used as a birth control pill to prevent pregnancy in women.https://www.bayer.ca/omr/online/diane-35-pm-en.pdf It is also used to treat androgen-dependent conditions in women such as acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, excessive facial/body hair growth, scalp hair loss, and hyperandrogenism, high androgen levels associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, ovaries with cysts. The medication is taken oral administration, by mouth once daily for 21 days, followed by a 7-day free interval. Medical uses EE/CPA is used as a combined birth control pill to prevent ovulation and pregnancy in women. It is also approved and used to treat androgen-dependent conditions in women such as acne, sebor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Co-beneldopa
Benserazide (also called Serazide or Ro 4-4602) is a peripherally acting aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase or DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, which is unable to cross the blood–brain barrier. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Indications It is used in the management of Parkinson's disease in combination with L-DOPA ( levodopa) as co-beneldopa ( BAN), under the brand names Madopar in the UK and Prolopa in Canada, both made by Roche. Benserazide is not approved for use in the US; carbidopa is used, instead, for the same purpose. These combinations are also used for the treatment of restless leg syndrome.Ryan, Melody; Slevin, John T. (2006)"Restless legs syndrome" ''American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy''. 63 (17): 1599-1612. Retrieved on 2008-02-06. Pharmacology Levodopa is a precursor to the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is administered to increase its levels in the central nervous system. However, most levodopa is decarboxyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Co-careldopa
Carbidopa/levodopa, also known as levocarb and co-careldopa, is the combination of the two medications carbidopa and levodopa. It is primarily used to manage the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but it does not slow down the disease or stop it from getting worse. It is taken by mouth. It can take two to three weeks of treatment before benefits are seen. Each dose then begins working in about ten minutes to two hours with a duration of effect of about five hours. Common side effects include movement problems and nausea. More serious side effects include depression, low blood pressure with standing, sudden onset of sleepiness, psychosis, and increased risk-taking behavior. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa outside the brain. In the brain, levodopa is broken down into dopamine, its active form. Carbidopa also helps prevent some of the nausea which levodopa causes. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parkinsonism
Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity, and postural instability. These are the four motor symptoms found in Parkinson's disease (PD), after which it is named, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and many other conditions. This set of symptoms occurs in a wide range of conditions and may have many causes, including neurodegenerative conditions, drugs, toxins, metabolic diseases, and neurological conditions other than PD. Signs and symptoms Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by the four motor symptoms found in Parkinson's disease: tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity, and postural instability. Parkinsonism gait problems can lead to falls and serious physical injuries. Other common symptoms include: * Tremors when resting (mostly in the hands) * Short, shuffling gait * Slow movements (bradykinesia) * Loss of sound perception leading to low, soft speech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Co-danthrusate
Co-danthrusate is a combination of dantron and docusate. Dantron is a mild peristalsis, peristaltic stimulant which acts on the lower bowel to encourage normal bowel movement without causing irritation. It belongs to the group of medicines under the term stimulant laxative. It stimulates the nerves in the stomach wall which causes the stomach muscles to contract. This medicine is used for analgesic-induced constipation. It takes six to twelve hours to work. This can cause discoloration of urine and bowel and liver tumors. Co-danthramer is dantron plus poloxamer. It is (in the U.K.) only to be prescribed to terminally ill patients because of its carcinogenicity in rats. It is often prescribed to people taking long term opioids, opioid, because it relaxes the effect of opioid induced constipation. It will not alleviate the symptoms of opioid induced delayed gastric emptying and abdominal cramps. See also *Laxative *Opioid References {{reflist Laxatives Combination drugs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastrointestinal
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Food taken in through the mouth is digested to extract nutrients and absorb energy, and the waste expelled at the anus as feces. ''Gastrointestinal'' is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines. Most animals have a "through-gut" or complete digestive tract. Exceptions are more primitive ones: sponges have small pores ( ostia) throughout their body for digestion and a larger dorsal pore (osculum) for excretion, comb jellies have both a ventral mouth and dorsal anal pores, while cnidarians and acoels have a single pore for both digestion and excretion. The human gastrointestinal tract consists of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, and is div ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Co-amilozide
Co-amilozide ( BAN) is a non-proprietary combination of amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide. Co-amilozide is used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure with the tendency of the thiazide to cause low potassium levels (hypokalaemia) offset by the potassium-sparing effects of amiloride. Formulation Two strengths of co-amilozide are currently available in the UK:British National Formulary 54 September 2007 * 2.5 mg amiloride and 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide, BAN of Co-amilozide 2.5/25 (brand name Moduret 25) * 5 mg amiloride and 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide, BAN of Co-amilozide 5/50 (brand name Moduretic) In North America: * Moduretic (U.S., Canada) ** Moduretic 5-50 (U.S., Canada) * Novamilor (Canada) Side effects The most common side effect is headache (about 8% of people taking it) and nausea, loss of appetite, weakness, rash and dizziness (each about 3%). Common side effects (1/10 - 1/100) include:the Swedish official drug catalog > Normori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Co-amilofruse
Co-amilofruse ( BAN) is a nonproprietary name used to denote a combination of amiloride and furosemide, which are both diuretics. Co-amilofruse is a treatment for fluid retention (oedema), either in the legs (peripheral edema) or on the lungs (pulmonary oedema). Furosemide is a loop diuretic and is more effective than amiloride, but has a tendency to cause low potassium levels (hypokalaemia); the potassium-sparing effects of amiloride may balance this. Formulation Two strengths of co-amilofruse are available: * 2.5 mg amiloride with 20 mg furosemide, BAN of Co-amilofruse 2.5/20 (brand name Frumil LS) * 5 mg amiloride with 40 mg furosemide, BAN of Co-amilofruse 5/4-0 (brand name Frumil) References * British National Formulary The ''British National Formulary'' (BNF) is a United Kingdom (UK) pharmaceutical reference book that contains a wide spectrum of information and advice on prescribing and pharmacology, along with specific facts and details about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diuretics
A diuretic () is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine. This includes forced diuresis. A diuretic tablet is sometimes colloquially called a water tablet. There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from the body, through the kidneys. There exist several classes of diuretic, and each works in a distinct way. Alternatively, an antidiuretic, such as vasopressin ( antidiuretic hormone), is an agent or drug which reduces the excretion of water in urine. Medical uses In medicine, diuretics are used to treat heart failure, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, influenza, water poisoning, and certain kidney diseases. Some diuretics, such as acetazolamide, help to make the urine more alkaline, and are helpful in increasing excretion of substances such as aspirin in cases of overdose or poisoning. Diuretics are sometimes abused by people with an eating disorder, especially people with bulimia nervosa, with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Co-tenidone
Co-tenidone ( BAN) is a non-proprietary name used to denote a combination of atenolol and chlortalidone. Co-tenidone is used in the treatment of hypertension. The use of β-blockers in hypertension was downgraded in June 2006 in the United Kingdom to fourth-line because they perform less well than other drugs, and because atenolol, the most frequently used β-blocker, at usual doses carries an unacceptable risk of provoking type 2 diabetes. Formulation Two strengths of co-tenidone are currently available in the UK: * 50 mg atenolol and 12.5 mg chlortalidone, BAN of Co-tenidone 50/12.5 * 100 mg atenolol and 25 mg chlortalidone, BAN of Co-tenidone 100/25 References * ''British National Formulary The ''British National Formulary'' (BNF) is a United Kingdom (UK) pharmaceutical reference book that contains a wide spectrum of information and advice on prescribing and pharmacology, along with specific facts and details about many medicines ...'' 54, September 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
