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Brevicoryne Fraterna
''Brevicoryne'' is a genus of aphid insect that contains many species which are agricultural pests. Hosts This genus parasitizes a wide range of hosts, with many members of the Brassicaceae ( broccoli, cabbage, kale, etc.) included. Adults Adults are distinguished from the nymphs by their darker body. They may ( alate) or may not exhibit wings. Parasites Many species of wasps parasitize the juvenile (nymph); injecting their eggs using their ovipositor creating 'mummies' (so called because of their desiccated appearance). Species * ''Brevicoryne arctica'' Richards, 1963 * ''Brevicoryne barbareae'' Nevsky 1929 * ''Brevicoryne brassicae'' Linnaeus, 1758, the cabbage aphid * '' Brevicoryne crambe'' Bozhko, 1950 * '' Brevicoryne crambinistataricae'' Bozhko, 1953 * '' Brevicoryne fraterna'' Strom, 1938 * ''Brevicoryne jiayuguanensis'' Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999 * ''Brevicoryne lonicerina'' Mukh & Akhm, 1980 * ''Brevicoryne nigrosiphunculata'' Hodjat, 1981 * ''Brevicoryne shap ...
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Brevicoryne Brassicae
''Brevicoryne brassicae'', commonly known as the cabbage aphid or cabbage aphis, is a destructive aphid (plant louse) native to Europe that is now found in many other areas of the world. The aphids feed on many varieties of produce, including cabbage, broccoli (especially), Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and many other members of the genus ''Brassica'', but do not feed on plants outside of the family Brassicaceae. The insects entirely avoid plants other than those of Brassicaceae; even though thousands may be eating broccoli near strawberries, the strawberries will be left untouched.University of Minnesota extension
Cabbage aphids, from the ''
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Brevicoryne Barbareae
''Brevicoryne'' is a genus of aphid insect that contains many species which are agricultural pests. Hosts This genus parasitizes a wide range of hosts, with many members of the Brassicaceae ( broccoli, cabbage, kale, etc.) included. Adults Adults are distinguished from the nymphs by their darker body. They may ( alate) or may not exhibit wings. Parasites Many species of wasps parasitize the juvenile (nymph); injecting their eggs using their ovipositor creating 'mummies' (so called because of their desiccated appearance). Species * ''Brevicoryne arctica'' Richards, 1963 * '' Brevicoryne barbareae'' Nevsky 1929 * ''Brevicoryne brassicae ''Brevicoryne brassicae'', commonly known as the cabbage aphid or cabbage aphis, is a destructive aphid (plant louse) native to Europe that is now found in many other areas of the world. The aphids feed on many varieties of produce, including ca ...'' Linnaeus, 1758, the cabbage aphid * '' Brevicoryne crambe'' Bozhko, 1950 * '' Brevicoryn ...
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Integrated Pest Management
Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates both chemical and non-chemical practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level (EIL). The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization defines IPM as "the careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimize risks to human health and the environment. IPM emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms." Entomologists and ecologists have urged the adoption of IPM pest control since the 1970s. IPM allows for safer pest control. The introduction and spread of invasive species can also be managed wit ...
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic (''genetic variability''), species (''species diversity''), and ecosystem (''ecosystem diversity'') level. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth; it is usually greater in the tropics as a result of the warm climate and high primary productivity in the region near the equator. Tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10% of earth's surface and contain about 90% of the world's species. Marine biodiversity is usually higher along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest, and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time, but will be likely to slow in the future as a primary result of deforestation. It encompasses the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural ...
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Pest (organism)
A pest is any animal or plant harmful to humans or human concerns. The term is particularly used for creatures that damage crops, livestock, and forestry or cause a nuisance to people, especially in their homes. Humans have modified the environment for their own purposes and are intolerant of other creatures occupying the same space when their activities impact adversely on human objectives. Thus, an elephant is unobjectionable in its natural habitat but a pest when it tramples crops. Some animals are disliked because they bite or sting; snake Snakes are elongated, Limbless vertebrate, limbless, carnivore, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes . Like all other Squamata, squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping Scale (zoology), scales. Ma ...s, wasps, ants, bed bugs, fleas and ticks belong in this category. Others enter the home; these include houseflies, which land on and contaminate food, beetles, which tunnel into the woodwor ...
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Brevicoryne Shaposhnikovi
''Brevicoryne'' is a genus of aphid insect that contains many species which are agricultural pests. Hosts This genus parasitizes a wide range of hosts, with many members of the Brassicaceae ( broccoli, cabbage, kale, etc.) included. Adults Adults are distinguished from the nymphs by their darker body. They may ( alate) or may not exhibit wings. Parasites Many species of wasps parasitize the juvenile (nymph); injecting their eggs using their ovipositor creating 'mummies' (so called because of their desiccated appearance). Species * ''Brevicoryne arctica'' Richards, 1963 * ''Brevicoryne barbareae'' Nevsky 1929 * ''Brevicoryne brassicae ''Brevicoryne brassicae'', commonly known as the cabbage aphid or cabbage aphis, is a destructive aphid (plant louse) native to Europe that is now found in many other areas of the world. The aphids feed on many varieties of produce, including ca ...'' Linnaeus, 1758, the cabbage aphid * '' Brevicoryne crambe'' Bozhko, 1950 * '' Brevicoryne ...
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Brevicoryne Nigrosiphunculata
''Brevicoryne'' is a genus of aphid insect that contains many species which are agricultural pests. Hosts This genus parasitizes a wide range of hosts, with many members of the Brassicaceae ( broccoli, cabbage, kale, etc.) included. Adults Adults are distinguished from the nymphs by their darker body. They may ( alate) or may not exhibit wings. Parasites Many species of wasps parasitize the juvenile (nymph); injecting their eggs using their ovipositor creating 'mummies' (so called because of their desiccated appearance). Species * ''Brevicoryne arctica'' Richards, 1963 * ''Brevicoryne barbareae'' Nevsky 1929 * ''Brevicoryne brassicae'' Linnaeus, 1758, the cabbage aphid * '' Brevicoryne crambe'' Bozhko, 1950 * '' Brevicoryne crambinistataricae'' Bozhko, 1953 * '' Brevicoryne fraterna'' Strom, 1938 * '' Brevicoryne jiayuguanensis'' Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999 * '' Brevicoryne lonicerina'' Mukh & Akhm, 1980 * '' Brevicoryne nigrosiphunculata'' Hodjat, 1981 * ''Brevicoryne s ...
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Brevicoryne Lonicerina
''Brevicoryne'' is a genus of aphid insect that contains many species which are agricultural pests. Hosts This genus parasitizes a wide range of hosts, with many members of the Brassicaceae ( broccoli, cabbage, kale, etc.) included. Adults Adults are distinguished from the nymphs by their darker body. They may ( alate) or may not exhibit wings. Parasites Many species of wasps parasitize the juvenile (nymph); injecting their eggs using their ovipositor creating 'mummies' (so called because of their desiccated appearance). Species * ''Brevicoryne arctica'' Richards, 1963 * ''Brevicoryne barbareae'' Nevsky 1929 * ''Brevicoryne brassicae'' Linnaeus, 1758, the cabbage aphid * '' Brevicoryne crambe'' Bozhko, 1950 * '' Brevicoryne crambinistataricae'' Bozhko, 1953 * '' Brevicoryne fraterna'' Strom, 1938 * '' Brevicoryne jiayuguanensis'' Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999 * '' Brevicoryne lonicerina'' Mukh & Akhm, 1980 * ''Brevicoryne nigrosiphunculata'' Hodjat, 1981 * ''Brevicoryne sh ...
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Brevicoryne Jiayuguanensis
''Brevicoryne'' is a genus of aphid insect that contains many species which are agricultural pests. Hosts This genus parasitizes a wide range of hosts, with many members of the Brassicaceae ( broccoli, cabbage, kale, etc.) included. Adults Adults are distinguished from the nymphs by their darker body. They may ( alate) or may not exhibit wings. Parasites Many species of wasps parasitize the juvenile (nymph); injecting their eggs using their ovipositor creating 'mummies' (so called because of their desiccated appearance). Species * ''Brevicoryne arctica'' Richards, 1963 * ''Brevicoryne barbareae'' Nevsky 1929 * ''Brevicoryne brassicae'' Linnaeus, 1758, the cabbage aphid * '' Brevicoryne crambe'' Bozhko, 1950 * '' Brevicoryne crambinistataricae'' Bozhko, 1953 * '' Brevicoryne fraterna'' Strom, 1938 * '' Brevicoryne jiayuguanensis'' Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999 * ''Brevicoryne lonicerina'' Mukh & Akhm, 1980 * ''Brevicoryne nigrosiphunculata'' Hodjat, 1981 * ''Brevicoryne sha ...
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Brevicoryne Fraterna
''Brevicoryne'' is a genus of aphid insect that contains many species which are agricultural pests. Hosts This genus parasitizes a wide range of hosts, with many members of the Brassicaceae ( broccoli, cabbage, kale, etc.) included. Adults Adults are distinguished from the nymphs by their darker body. They may ( alate) or may not exhibit wings. Parasites Many species of wasps parasitize the juvenile (nymph); injecting their eggs using their ovipositor creating 'mummies' (so called because of their desiccated appearance). Species * ''Brevicoryne arctica'' Richards, 1963 * ''Brevicoryne barbareae'' Nevsky 1929 * ''Brevicoryne brassicae'' Linnaeus, 1758, the cabbage aphid * '' Brevicoryne crambe'' Bozhko, 1950 * '' Brevicoryne crambinistataricae'' Bozhko, 1953 * '' Brevicoryne fraterna'' Strom, 1938 * ''Brevicoryne jiayuguanensis'' Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999 * ''Brevicoryne lonicerina'' Mukh & Akhm, 1980 * ''Brevicoryne nigrosiphunculata'' Hodjat, 1981 * ''Brevicoryne shap ...
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Brevicoryne Crambinistataricae
''Brevicoryne'' is a genus of aphid insect that contains many species which are agricultural pests. Hosts This genus parasitizes a wide range of hosts, with many members of the Brassicaceae ( broccoli, cabbage, kale, etc.) included. Adults Adults are distinguished from the nymphs by their darker body. They may ( alate) or may not exhibit wings. Parasites Many species of wasps parasitize the juvenile (nymph); injecting their eggs using their ovipositor creating 'mummies' (so called because of their desiccated appearance). Species * ''Brevicoryne arctica'' Richards, 1963 * ''Brevicoryne barbareae'' Nevsky 1929 * ''Brevicoryne brassicae'' Linnaeus, 1758, the cabbage aphid * '' Brevicoryne crambe'' Bozhko, 1950 * '' Brevicoryne crambinistataricae'' Bozhko, 1953 * ''Brevicoryne fraterna'' Strom, 1938 * ''Brevicoryne jiayuguanensis'' Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999 * ''Brevicoryne lonicerina'' Mukh & Akhm, 1980 * ''Brevicoryne nigrosiphunculata'' Hodjat, 1981 * ''Brevicoryne shapo ...
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Brevicoryne Crambe
''Brevicoryne'' is a genus of aphid insect that contains many species which are agricultural pests. Hosts This genus parasitizes a wide range of hosts, with many members of the Brassicaceae ( broccoli, cabbage, kale, etc.) included. Adults Adults are distinguished from the nymphs by their darker body. They may ( alate) or may not exhibit wings. Parasites Many species of wasps parasitize the juvenile (nymph); injecting their eggs using their ovipositor creating 'mummies' (so called because of their desiccated appearance). Species * ''Brevicoryne arctica'' Richards, 1963 * ''Brevicoryne barbareae'' Nevsky 1929 * ''Brevicoryne brassicae'' Linnaeus, 1758, the cabbage aphid * '' Brevicoryne crambe'' Bozhko, 1950 * ''Brevicoryne crambinistataricae'' Bozhko, 1953 * ''Brevicoryne fraterna'' Strom, 1938 * ''Brevicoryne jiayuguanensis'' Zhang, Chen, Zhong & Li, 1999 * ''Brevicoryne lonicerina'' Mukh & Akhm, 1980 * ''Brevicoryne nigrosiphunculata'' Hodjat, 1981 * ''Brevicoryne shapos ...
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