|
Breton Federalist League
The Breton Federalist League (french: Ligue fédéraliste de Bretagne) was a short-lived Breton political party in the 1930s. A new organization with the same name was created in the 21st century. Origin At its congress on April 11, 1931, the Breton Autonomist Party broke up under the differences between the federalist and nationalist factions. Faced with the formation of the separatist Breton National Party, the federalists Maurice Duhamel, Morvan Marchal, Yann-Morvan Gefflot, Goulven Mazéas, René-Yves Creston and others, founded the Breton Federalist League. Aims Its emblem was the Hevoud (a form of "Celtic" swastika). The League's principal publication was ''Federal Brittany'' (Breiz kevredel), founded in 1931 by Morvan Marchal, which was a "leftist" variant of the quasi-fascistic positions espoused by Breiz Atao. In the first issue of this journal, Goulven Mazéas wrote: the truth is that our Masters rip apart piece by piece our sense of who we are in order to fill us with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brittany
Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation. It became an Kingdom of Brittany, independent kingdom and then a Duchy of Brittany, duchy before being Union of Brittany and France, united with the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a provinces of France, province governed as a separate nation under the crown. Brittany has also been referred to as Little Britain (as opposed to Great Britain, with which it shares an etymology). It is bordered by the English Channel to the north, Normandy to the northeast, eastern Pays de la Loire to the southeast, the Bay of Biscay to the south, and the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its land area is 34,023 km2 . Brittany is the site of some of the world's oldest standing architecture, ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Party
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology, ideological or policy goals. Political parties have become a major part of the politics of almost every country, as modern party organizations developed and spread around the world over the last few centuries. It is extremely rare for a country to have Non-partisan democracy, no political parties. Some countries have Single-party state, only one political party while others have Multi-party system, several. Parties are important in the politics of autocracies as well as democracies, though usually democracies have more political parties than autocracies. Autocracies often have a single party that governs the country, and some political scientists consider competition between two or more parties to be an essential part of democracy. Part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breton Autonomist Party
The Breton Autonomist Party (french: Parti Autonomiste Breton or PAB, br, Strollad Emrenerien Vreiz) was a political party which existed in Brittany from 1927 to 1931. Origin The party was created at the first congress of the nationalist journal '' Breiz Atao'' in Rosporden on September 1927. It followed from establishment of the Unvaniez Yaouankiz Vreiz (UYV: Union of Breton Youth). The steering committee comprised Olier Mordrel, Morvan Marchal and Maurice Duhamel. At Quimper, following the congress, representatives of Brittany, Alsace-Lorraine and Corsica signed the founding charter of Central Committee of the National Minorities of France. The guests were the Alsatian separatists, Paul Schall and Hermann Bickler, the Corsican separatist Petru Rocca, the Flemish Franz Wielders, and, more discreetly, Hans-Otto Wagner, the German representative who established links between the Breton movement and the Abwehr. Federalism Maurice Duhamel became editor of '' Breiz Atao'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breton National Party
The Breton National Party (French ''Parti National Breton'', Breton ''Strollad Broadel Breizh'') was a nationalist party in Brittany that existed from 1931 to 1944. The party was disbanded after the liberation of France in World War II, because of ties to the Third Reich. History The PNB was formed in the aftermath of split between federalists and nationalists within the Breton Autonomist Party (PAB), following the Congress of Guingamp in August 1931. Following the collapse of the PAB, the federalists led by Morvan Marchal formed the Breton Federalist League; the nationalist faction, led by Olier Mordrel, decided to found a new party with a clearly nationalist agenda, namely seeking Breton independence from France. This revived the programme of the previous Breton Nationalist Party, which had existed from 1911-1914. A congress was held in Landerneau on December 27, 1931. The following year, activists led by Célestin Lainé bombed a sculpture in Rennes representing Breton unity w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Duhamel
Maurice Duhamel (23 February 1884 – 5 February 1940) was the pen-name of Maurice Bourgeaux, a Breton musician, writer and activist who was a leading figure in Breton nationalism and federalist politics in the years before World War II. Early life The son of a coal merchant, Duhamel was born in Rennes. From youth, he displayed great musical talent, composing his own original works and collecting and arranging traditional Breton songs. He also worked as a journalist for music magazines. Meanwhile, he learned the Breton language and studied Breton literature. At the age of 19, he reported for a local newspaper on the trial of Alfred Dreyfus, which took place in the premises of his high school in Rennes. Like his father he was a Dreyfusard and a Freemason. However, he left Freemasonry because he was shocked by the Affaire Des Fiches in 1905. Political activity He joined the Breton Regionalist Union (Union Régionaliste Bretonne) and created the piano score for '' Bro Gozh ma Zadoù' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morvan Marchal
Morvan Marchal (31 July 1900, Vitré, Ille-et-Vilaine – 13 August 1963, Paris), is the Breton name of Maurice Marchal, an architect and a militant Breton nationalist. He is best known for having designed the national flag of Brittany. Biography A former pupil of the Saint Martin's day college of Rennes, Marchal went on to study architecture at the Rennes School of Art. In 1918 he joined the Breton Regionalist Union and became involved with its journal Breiz Atao ("Brittany Always!") and the nationalist youth movement Breton Youth. In 1923 he designed the Breton national flag Gwenn ha du ("Black and White"). An artist, poet and illustrator, he participated in many Breton publications, political and intellectual. He also belonged to "Seiz Breur", a group of Breton artists. He took part in the creation of the Breton Separatist Party (PAB) at the first congress of ''Breiz Atao'', held in September 1927 at Rosporden. He was a member of the party's management committee. In con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René-Yves Creston
René-Yves Creston (25 October 1898 – 30 May 1964), born René Pierre Joseph Creston, was a Breton artist, designer and ethnographer who founded the Breton nationalist art movement Seiz Breur. During World War II he was active in the French Resistance. Seiz Breur Born in Saint-Nazaire, Creston studied art there and at Ancenis, followed by the École des Beaux-Arts in Nantes and Paris. In 1923, he was one of the founders with Jeanne Malivel and his wife, Suzanne Creston, of Ar Seiz Breur (The Seven Brothers), which united dozens of Breton artists and designers in a movement to create a distinctive Breton avant-garde style. Creston participated in the decoration of the Pavilion of Brittany at the Exhibition of Decorative Arts in Paris in 1925. He and Malivel also collaborated on furniture designs shown there. After Malivel's early death in 1926, he became the principal coordinator of Seiz Breur until the end of 1944. In 1927, in collaboration with the young sculptor Jules-Charl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swastika
The swastika (卐 or 卍) is an ancient religious and cultural symbol, predominantly in various Eurasian, as well as some African and American cultures, now also widely recognized for its appropriation by the Nazi Party and by neo-Nazis. It continues to be used as a symbol of divinity and spirituality in Indian religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. It generally takes the form of a cross, the arms of which are of equal length and perpendicular to the adjacent arms, each bent midway at a right angle. The word ''swastika'' comes from sa, स्वस्तिक, svastika, meaning "conducive to well-being". In Hinduism, the right-facing symbol (clockwise) () is called ', symbolizing ("sun"), prosperity and good luck, while the left-facing symbol (counter-clockwise) () is called ''sauwastika'', symbolising night or tantric aspects of Kali. In Jain symbolism, it represents Suparshvanathathe seventh of 24 Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers and savio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breiz Atao
''Breiz Atao'' (also ''Breizh Atao'') (in Breton ''Brittany For Ever'' cf. Breizh atav), was a Breton nationalist journal in the mid-twentieth century. It was written in French, and has always been considered as a French nationalist journal by the non-francized Bretons. The term is also used for the broader movement associated with the journal's political position. Founded in 1918 in the aftermath of World War I, ''Breiz Atao'' would exist throughout the inter-war years. It was highly influenced by the Irish War of Independence, which began in 1916 and whose aftermath ran into the 1920s. Early on it adopted an official pan-Celtic policy, and a strong pan-Latin use of the French language. In its later years it became associated with a Nordicist blood and soil ideology with aspects in common with Nazism. It ceased publication in 1940, but was revived for an individual issue that appeared in 1944. History Creation The journal was first published in January 1919. Initially the ed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafig Tullou
Raffig Tullou (born Raphaël Jean-Baptiste Joseph Tulou), alias Neven Lewarc’h (6 January 1909 in Mordelles – 16 January 1990 in Saint-Herblain) was a Breton sculptor and set designer. His works included modern Celto-Breton furnishing art, wood carvings, stone carvings, and restoration of historical buildings. Life Tullou came to prominence as a member of the Breton artistic movement Seiz Breur, and attempted to adapt his style to merge classical and Breton regional traditions. Like other members of the group, he was also involved in Breton nationalist politics. Following the split in the Breton Autonomist Party, in 1934, Tullou, Gestalen, Francis Bayer du Kern, Goulven Mazéas and Morvan Marchal created the Breton Federalist Movement, which sought Breton federal autonomy within France. This was set up because of the creation of the extremist Breton National Party, which had pro-Nazi sympathies. Nevertheless, during World War II, he reported for L'Heure Bretonne, the newspaper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kredenn Geltiek Hollvedel
Kredenn Geltiek (Celtic Creed) is a neo-Pagan Druidic group founded in Brittany in 1936. It was later known as Kredenn Geltiek Hollvedel (Celtic Creed of the World). It now exists under the name Kevanvod Tud Donn (Parliament of people of Dêua Ana). It publishes the journal ''Ialon-Kad-Nemeton''. History Founded in 1936 by Rafig Tullou, Morvan Marchal, and Francis Bayer du Kern, Kredenn Geltiek Hollvedel grew out of the Breton Federalist Movement as an attempt to reassert ancient Celtic religious beliefs. The group's explicitly anti-Catholic and Modern Druidic ideology distinguished it from the existing non-religious Gorsedd of Brittany, from which it emerged as a splinter group. Morvan Marchal was the group's first " Arch-Druid." They mixed readings of the Bhagavad Gita and the maxims of Lao Tsu with Celtic traditions to create an Indo-European esotericism as a basis for the re-creation of druidic worship. Esotericist research by Gwilherm Berthou led to claims that ancient Celt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parti Pour L'Organisation D'une Bretagne Libre
The Party for the Organization of a Free Brittany ( br, Strollad Evit Breizh Dizalc'h; french: Parti pour l'organisation d'une Bretagne libre) was a Breton political party that advocated political sovereignty for Brittany. Its initials "POBL" form a backronym, as the word ''pobl'' in Breton means "people" or "community". Already a right-wing party at its foundation, it progressively drifted toward the far-right and two of its members were involved in an altercation with leftist militants of the Union Démocratique Bretonne at the Festival Interceltique de Lorient __NOTOC__ The (French), Emvod Ar Gelted An Oriant (Breton) or Inter-Celtic Festival of Lorient in English, is an annual Celtic festival, located in the city of Lorient, Brittany, France. It was founded in 1971 by . This annual festival takes ... in 1999. Never very influential, the party was crippled by the departure of most of its cadres for Adsav in 2000 and ceased its activities. What remained of it merged w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.png "Click for more on -> Swastika"){kind=spacer}