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Bread Loafing
Bread loafing is a common method of processing surgical specimens for histopathology. The process involves cutting the specimen into 3 or more sections. The cut sections are mounted by embedding in paraffin or frozen medium. The cut edge is then thinly sliced with a microtome or a cryostat. The thin slices are then mounted on a glass slide, stained, and covered with another layer of glass. This method is used to determine the negative resection margin for skin tumors, and is also known as POMA (Post Operative Margin Assessment as referred to by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network). It has a higher false negative error rate than the CCPDMA method of tissue processing.Kimjai-Asadi A, et al. Dermatol Surg. 2007 Dec;33(12):1434-9; discussion 1439-41. Margin involvement after the excision of melanoma in situ: the need for complete en face examination of the surgical margins. The error rate is reduced when the surgical margin is increased, and the error rate is increased when th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margin Controlled Bread Loaf
Margin may refer to: Physical or graphical edges *Margin (typography), the white space that surrounds the content of a page *Continental margin, the zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust *Leaf margin, the edge of a leaf *Resection margin, the tissue near a tumor that is removed to ensure that no cancer cells are left behind Economics and finance *Margin of profit, the fraction of revenue that is left after paying expenses *Margin (economics), a set of constraints conceptualised as a border *Margin (finance), a type of financial collateral used to cover credit risk * ''Margin'' (journal), an economics journal *Contribution margin *Gross margin Figurative edges * Margin (machine learning), the distance between a decision boundary and a data point *Marginal frequency distribution, in statistics ( Frequency distribution § Joint frequency distributions) Other uses * ''Margins'' (film), a 2022 Italian film by Niccolò Falsetti * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bread Loafing
Bread loafing is a common method of processing surgical specimens for histopathology. The process involves cutting the specimen into 3 or more sections. The cut sections are mounted by embedding in paraffin or frozen medium. The cut edge is then thinly sliced with a microtome or a cryostat. The thin slices are then mounted on a glass slide, stained, and covered with another layer of glass. This method is used to determine the negative resection margin for skin tumors, and is also known as POMA (Post Operative Margin Assessment as referred to by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network). It has a higher false negative error rate than the CCPDMA method of tissue processing.Kimjai-Asadi A, et al. Dermatol Surg. 2007 Dec;33(12):1434-9; discussion 1439-41. Margin involvement after the excision of melanoma in situ: the need for complete en face examination of the surgical margins. The error rate is reduced when the surgical margin is increased, and the error rate is increased when th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histopathology
Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: ''histos'' "tissue", πάθος ''pathos'' "suffering", and -λογία '' -logia'' "study of") refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Specifically, in clinical medicine, histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed onto glass slides. In contrast, cytopathology examines free cells or tissue micro-fragments (as "cell blocks"). Collection of tissues Histopathological examination of tissues starts with surgery, biopsy, or autopsy. The tissue is removed from the body or plant, and then, often following expert dissection in the fresh state, placed in a fixative which stabilizes the tissues to prevent decay. The most common fixative is 10% neutral buffered formalin (corresponding to 3.7% w/v formaldehyde in neutral buffered water, such as phosphate buf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microtome
A microtome (from the Greek ''mikros'', meaning "small", and ''temnein'', meaning "to cut") is a cutting tool used to produce extremely thin slices of material known as ''sections''. Important in science, microtomes are used in microscopy, allowing for the preparation of samples for observation under transmitted light or electron radiation. Microtomes use steel, glass or diamond blades depending upon the specimen being sliced and the desired thickness of the sections being cut. Steel blades are used to prepare histological sections of animal or plant tissues for light microscopy. Glass knives are used to slice sections for light microscopy and to slice very thin sections for electron microscopy. Industrial grade diamond knives are used to slice hard materials such as bone, teeth and tough plant matter for both light microscopy and for electron microscopy. Gem-quality diamond knives are also used for slicing thin sections for electron microscopy. Microtomy is a method for the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryostat
A cryostat (from ''cryo'' meaning cold and ''stat'' meaning stable) is a device used to maintain low cryogenic temperatures of samples or devices mounted within the cryostat. Low temperatures may be maintained within a cryostat by using various refrigeration methods, most commonly using cryogenic fluid bath such as liquid helium. Hence it is usually assembled into a vessel, similar in construction to a vacuum flask or Dewar. Cryostats have numerous applications within science, engineering, and medicine. Types Closed-cycle cryostats Closed-cycle cryostats consist of a chamber through which cold helium vapour is pumped. An external mechanical refrigerator extracts the warmer helium exhaust vapour, which is cooled and recycled. Closed-cycle cryostats consume a relatively large amount of electrical power, but need not be refilled with helium and can run continuously for an indefinite period. Objects may be cooled by attaching them to a metallic coldplate inside a vacuum ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resection Margin
A resection margin or surgical margin is the margin of apparently non-tumorous tissue around a tumor that has been surgically removed, called " resected", in surgical oncology. The resection is an attempt to remove a cancer tumor so that no portion of the malignant growth extends past the edges or margin of the removed tumor and surrounding tissue. These are retained after the surgery and examined microscopically by a pathologist to see if the margin is indeed free from tumor cells. If cancerous cells are found at the edges the operation is much less likely to achieve the desired results. Residual tumour at the primary site after treatment (it does not address the surgical margin as commonly believed) is classified by the pathologist as (AJCC 8th Edition): * R0 - no cancer cells seen microscopically at the primary tumour site. * R1 - cancer cells present microscopically at the primary tumour site. * R2 - Macroscopic residual tumour at primary cancer site or regional lymph nodes. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tumor
A neoplasm () is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue. The process that occurs to form or produce a neoplasm is called neoplasia. The growth of a neoplasm is uncoordinated with that of the normal surrounding tissue, and persists in growing abnormally, even if the original trigger is removed. This abnormal growth usually forms a mass, when it may be called a tumor. ICD-10 classifies neoplasms into four main groups: benign neoplasms, in situ neoplasms, malignant neoplasms, and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior. Malignant neoplasms are also simply known as cancers and are the focus of oncology. Prior to the abnormal growth of tissue, as neoplasia, cells often undergo an abnormal pattern of growth, such as metaplasia or dysplasia. However, metaplasia or dysplasia does not always progress to neoplasia and can occur in other conditions as well. The word is from Ancient Greek 'new' and 'formation, creation'. Types A neoplasm can be benign, potentially m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Comprehensive Cancer Network
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) is an alliance of 32 cancer centers in the United States, most of which are designated by the National Cancer Institute (one of the U.S. National Institutes of Health) as comprehensive cancer centers. It is a non-profit organization with offices in Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania. John W. Sweetenham, MD, FRCP, FACP, FASCO, from UT Southwestern Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, is chairman of the NCCN Board of Directors. It publishes the peer-reviewed medical journal ''Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network''. NCCN Member Institutions Experts from the 32 NCCN Member Institutions are recognized for dealing with complex, aggressive, or rare cancers. The 32 NCCN Member Institutions are: * Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania * Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine * Case Comprehensive Cancer Center/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Cente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
False Negative
A false positive is an error in binary classification in which a test result incorrectly indicates the presence of a condition (such as a disease when the disease is not present), while a false negative is the opposite error, where the test result incorrectly indicates the absence of a condition when it is actually present. These are the two kinds of errors in a binary test, in contrast to the two kinds of correct result (a and a ). They are also known in medicine as a false positive (or false negative) diagnosis, and in statistical classification as a false positive (or false negative) error. In statistical hypothesis testing the analogous concepts are known as type I and type II errors, where a positive result corresponds to rejecting the null hypothesis, and a negative result corresponds to not rejecting the null hypothesis. The terms are often used interchangeably, but there are differences in detail and interpretation due to the differences between medical testing and statist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CCPDMA
Complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment (CCPDMA) is the preferred method for the removal of certain cancers, especially skin cancers. There are two forms of CCPDMA surgery: Mohs surgery and surgical excision coupled with margin assessment. Other examples of CCPDMA are found in classical pathology textbooks as techniques of cutting surgical specimens to allow the examination of the inferior and lateral margins of typically elliptical surgical specimens. __TOC__ Comparison to alternatives CCPDMA is superior to standard bread loafing due to very low false negative error rate. Bread loafing extrapolates the margin exam of a few representative slides to the entire surgical margin. CCPDMA allows for the complete examination of the surgical margin without statistical extrapolation and assumptions. The first advantage of CCPDMA method is that it allows for the complete examination of the entire surgical margin of the specimen. The second advantage of CCPDMA is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surgical Margin
A resection margin or surgical margin is the margin of apparently non-tumorous tissue around a tumor that has been surgically removed, called " resected", in surgical oncology. The resection is an attempt to remove a cancer tumor so that no portion of the malignant growth extends past the edges or margin of the removed tumor and surrounding tissue. These are retained after the surgery and examined microscopically by a pathologist to see if the margin is indeed free from tumor cells. If cancerous cells are found at the edges the operation is much less likely to achieve the desired results. Residual tumour at the primary site after treatment (it does not address the surgical margin as commonly believed) is classified by the pathologist as (AJCC 8th Edition): * R0 - no cancer cells seen microscopically at the primary tumour site. * R1 - cancer cells present microscopically at the primary tumour site. * R2 - Macroscopic residual tumour at primary cancer site or regional lymph nodes. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
