|
Boyd Group
The Boyd Group is a Britain-based, independent think tank considering issues relating to animal testing. Background The group was founded in 1992, the idea forming from a dialogue between Colin Blakemore, a strong advocate of animal testing and subsequently chief executive of the Medical Research Council, and Les Ward, then director of the anti-vivisection group, Advocates for Animals. The group is named after its chairman, Kenneth Boyd, a professor of medical ethics at the University of Edinburgh.Kenneth BoyBringing both sides together.''Camb Q Healthc Ethics''. 1999; 8:43-5. Objectives and approach The groups states its primary objective is to act as a "forum for open exchange of views" on "issues of concern" to its membership and, whenever possible, form consensus and make recommendations. Retrieved December 12, 2006. However, due to the diverse membership, the group will often fail to find consensus. In these situations, they aim to publish "an agreed account of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Think Tank
A think tank, or policy institute, is a research institute that performs research and advocacy concerning topics such as social policy, political strategy, economics, military, technology, and culture. Most think tanks are non-governmental organizations, but some are semi-autonomous agencies within government or are associated with particular political parties, businesses or the military. Think-tank funding often includes a combination of donations from very wealthy people and those not so wealthy, with many also accepting government grants. Think tanks publish articles and studies, and even draft legislation on particular matters of policy or society. This information is then used by governments, businesses, media organizations, social movements or other interest groups. Think tanks range from those associated with highly academic or scholarly activities to those that are overtly ideological and pushing for particular policies, with a wide range among them in terms of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986, sometimes referred to as ASPA, is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (1986 c. 14) passed in 1986, which regulates the use of animals used for research in the UK. The Act permits studies to be conducted using animals for procedures such as breeding genetically modified animals, medical and veterinary advances, education, environmental toxicology and includes procedures requiring vivisection, if certain criteria are met. Revised legislation came into force on 1 January 2013. The original act related to the 1986 EU Directive 86/609/EEC which was updated and replaced by EU Directive 2010/63/EU In 2002, a Government select committee inquiry described the Act as the "...tightest system of regulation in the world" in relation to the regulation of using animals for research. Background Prior to ASPA, the use of animals in the UK was regulated by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1876, which enforced a licensing and inspection system ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Procedures Committee
The Animal Procedures Committee advised the British Home Secretary on matters related to animal testing in the UK. The function of the committee was made a statutory requirement by the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (the ASPA), which mandated that it should have at least 12 members, excluding the chair. The APC no longer exists as the ASPA has been revised in accordance with EU legislation. It was disbanded on 31 December 2012 and was replaced by the Animals in Science Committee in 2013. Composition of members The Act stipulated that at least two-thirds of the members had full registration as medical practitioners or veterinary surgeons, or that they be qualified in a relevant biological subject; that one member be a barrister, solicitor, or advocate; that at least half the membership should not have held an animal-testing licence during the last six years; and that the interests of animal welfare should be adequately represented. There was normally an academic philosoph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature (journal)
''Nature'' is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England. As a multidisciplinary publication, ''Nature'' features peer-reviewed research from a variety of academic disciplines, mainly in science and technology. It has core editorial offices across the United States, continental Europe, and Asia under the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature. ''Nature'' was one of the world's most cited scientific journals by the Science Edition of the 2019 ''Journal Citation Reports'' (with an ascribed impact factor of 42.778), making it one of the world's most-read and most prestigious academic journals. , it claimed an online readership of about three million unique readers per month. Founded in autumn 1869, ''Nature'' was first circulated by Norman Lockyer and Alexander Macmillan as a public forum for scientific innovations. The mid-20th century facilitated an editorial expansion for the journal; ''Nature'' redoubled its efforts in exp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emma Marris
Emma Marris (born January 15, 1979) is an American non-fiction writer. She grew up in Seattle, Washington, and attended Roosevelt High School, where she worked on the school newspaper. She earned a BA in English at the University of Texas at Austin and a Masters in Science Writing from Johns Hopkins University, and wrote for the scientific journal ''Nature'' for five years. Her book ''Rambunctious Garden: Saving Nature in a Post-Wild World'' introduces conservation approaches that go beyond simply protecting land seen as "wilderness." Her 2021 book, ''Wild Souls: Freedom and Flourishing in the Non-Human World'', focuses on the ethics of human relationships with wild animals, including hunting, keeping wild pets, captive breeding, and wildlife management. Marris proposes a unified ethical approach that balances the protection of biodiversity with respect for the welfare and autonomy of nonhuman animals. Her TED talks have been watched over 3 million times. Her articles appear in outl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalemate
Stalemate is a situation in the game of chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check and has no legal move. Stalemate results in a draw. During the endgame, stalemate is a resource that can enable the player with the inferior position to draw the game rather than lose. In more complex positions, stalemate is much rarer, usually taking the form of a swindle that succeeds only if the superior side is inattentive. Stalemate is also a common theme in endgame studies and other chess problems. The outcome of a stalemate was standardized as a draw in the 19th century. Before this standardization, its treatment varied widely, including being deemed a win for the stalemating player, a half-win for that player, or a loss for that player; not being permitted; and resulting in the stalemated player missing a turn. Stalemate rules vary in other games of the chess family. Etymology and usage The first recorded use of stalemate is from 1765. It is a compounding of Middl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Aid
Animal Aid is a British animal rights organisation, founded in 1977 by Jean Pink. The group campaigns peacefully against the consumption of animals as food and against animal cruelty such as their use for medical research—and promotes a cruelty-free lifestyle. It also investigates and exposes animal abuse. Animal Aid conducts undercover investigations, produces campaign reports, leaflets and fact files, as well as educational videos and other resources. They also offer a quarterly magazine and a sales catalogue with vegan and cruelty-free products. Aims and objectives Animal Aid was founded in January 1977 to work, by all peaceful means, for an end to animal cruelty. The organization is a not-for-profit limited company run by a volunteer council of management. It has not applied to be a charity so that it is able to use its funds for sometimes controversial campaigns. Its aims are: * To increase public awareness of the abuse of animals in our society, particularly in vivi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PETA
Peta or PETA may refer to: Acronym * Pembela Tanah Air, a militia established by the occupying Japanese in Indonesia in 1943 * People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, an American animal rights organization * People Eating Tasty Animals, an organization mocking the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals' stance on vegetarianism * Philippine Educational Theater Association, a Philippine theatrical association * Pulse Ejector Thrust Augmentor, a type of jet engine People * Peta (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name * Tomasz Peta (born 1951), Roman Catholic Archbishop of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Mary in Astana, Kazakhstan Places * Peta, Greece, a town * Peţa River, a river in Romania Other uses * peta-, a metric prefix denoting a factor of 1015 * Battle of Peta * Peta (cat), the unofficial Chief Mouser to the UK Cabinet Office 1964-78 * Mysore peta, a type of Indian royal attire * Pentaerythritol tetraacrylat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NAVS
The National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS) is an international not-for-profit animal protection group, based in London, working to end animal testing, and focused on the replacement of animals in research with advanced, scientific techniques. Since 2006, the NAVS has operated its international campaigns under the working name Animal Defenders International (ADI), and the two groups now work together under the ADI name. History The NAVS of the UK is the world's first anti-vivisection organisation, founded in 1875 by Frances Power Cobbe, a humanitarian who authored articles and leaflets opposing animal experiments. Many notable people of the day supported NAVS. The Society was formed on 2 December 1875 in Victoria Street, London, under the name of the Victoria Street Society. At the time there were about 300 experiments on animals each year. Public opposition to vivisection led the Government to appoint the First Royal Commission on Vivisection in July 1875; it reported its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BUAV
Cruelty Free International is an animal protection and advocacy group that campaigns for the abolition of all animal experiments. They organise certification of cruelty-free products which are marked with the symbol of a leaping bunny. It was founded in 1898 by Irish writer and suffragette, Frances Power Cobbe, as the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection. In 2012, the BUAV joined with the New England Anti-Vivisection Society to establish a new international organisation to campaign against the testing of cosmetics on animals—Cruelty Free International. This was launched by BUAV supporter Ricky Gervais. In 2015, the parent organisation merged into this new organization, taking its name and branding for all its activities. Background BUAV was founded on 14 June 1898 by Frances Power Cobbe during a public meeting in Bristol, England. Known at first as the British Union, or "the Union", it campaigned at first against the use of dogs in vivisection, and came clo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fund For The Replacement Of Animals In Medical Experiments
Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME) is a charity based in Nottingham, UK. FRAME promotes consideration of the ethical and scientific issues involved in the use of laboratory animals for medical research, and the adoption of the Three Rs strategy of alternatives to animal testing. The Three Rs The Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) strategy was first suggested by zoologist William Russell and microbiologist Rex Burch, with Replacement being the ultimate goal. FRAME campaigns for the replacement of animal testing methods with alternatives that do not use animals. If there is no valid alternative, FRAME believes the number of animals involved should be reduced as far as possible, and the procedures applied should be refined to minimise potential pain and distress. The FRAME research programme involves both office-based and laboratory-based research. Staff at the Nottingham city offices and the FRAME Alternatives Laboratory at The Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
