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Bourne Test
The Bourne test is a non-invasive and inexpensive diagnostic test for the diagnosis of vesicointestinal fistulae. Method The patient is given a barium enema, after which a urine sample is taken. The sample is then centrifuge A centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal force to separate various components of a fluid. This is achieved by spinning the fluid at high speed within a container, thereby separating fluids of different densities (e.g. cream from milk) or ...d and compared radiologically to a control. Either a precipitate of barium or evidence of radiopacity indicates a fistula. References {{reflist Urologic procedures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vesicointestinal Fistula
A vesicointestinal fistula (or intestinovesical fistula) is a form of fistula between the bladder and the bowel. Types A fistula involving the bladder can have one of many specific names, describing the specific location of its outlet: * Bladder and intestine: "vesicoenteric", "enterovesical", or "vesicointestinal" * Bladder and colon: "vesicocolic" or "colovesical" * Bladder and rectum: "vesicorectal" or "rectovesical" Symptoms and signs If fecal matter passes through the fistula into the bladder, the existence of the fistula may be revealed by pneumaturia, fecaluria, or recurrent urinary tract infection. Migration of urine through the fistula into the bowel may cause rectal passage of urine. Causes Many causes exist including: * diverticulitis : most common ~ 60% * colorectal cancer (CRC) : ~ 20% * Crohn's disease : ~ 10% * radiotherapy * appendicitis * trauma Diagnosis Various modalities of diagnosis are available: * Cystoscopy * Colonoscopy * Poppy seed test * Transabd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barium Enema
A lower gastrointestinal series is a medical procedure used to examine and diagnose problems with the human colon of the large intestine. Radiographs (X-ray pictures) are taken while barium sulfate, a radiocontrast agent, fills the colon via an enema through the rectum. The term barium enema usually refers to a lower gastrointestinal series, although enteroclysis (an upper gastrointestinal series) is often called a small bowel barium enema. Purpose For any suspected large bowel disease, colonoscopy is the investigation of choice because tissue sample can be taken for investigation. Virtual colonoscopy (also known as CT colonography) is another preferred investigation, provided that facilities and expertise are available. Virtual colonoscopy also avoids the risk of total blockage of any stricture in the large bowel due to barium impaction. Some conditions are absolutely contraindicated for barium enema namely: toxic megacolon, pseudomembranous colitis, and recent history rigid en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urine Sample
A urine test is any medical test performed on a urine specimen. The analysis of urine is a valuable diagnostic tool because its composition reflects the functioning of many body systems, particularly the kidneys and urinary system, and specimens are easy to obtain. Common urine tests include the routine urinalysis, which examines the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of the urine; urine drug screening; and urine pregnancy testing. Background The value of urine for diagnostic purposes has been recognized since ancient times. Urine examination was practiced in Sumer and Babylonia as early as 4000 BC, and is described in ancient Greek and Sanskrit texts. Contemporary urine testing uses a range of methods to investigate the physical and biochemical properties of the urine. For instance, the results of the routine urinalysis can provide information about the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system; suggest the presence of a urinary tract infection (UTI); ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrifuge
A centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal force to separate various components of a fluid. This is achieved by spinning the fluid at high speed within a container, thereby separating fluids of different densities (e.g. cream from milk) or liquids from solids. It works by causing denser substances and particles to move outward in the radial direction. At the same time, objects that are less dense are displaced and moved to the centre. In a laboratory centrifuge that uses sample tubes, the radial acceleration causes denser particles to settle to the bottom of the tube, while low-density substances rise to the top. A centrifuge can be a very effective filter that separates contaminants from the main body of fluid. Industrial scale centrifuges are commonly used in manufacturing and waste processing to sediment suspended solids, or to separate immiscible liquids. An example is the cream separator found in dairies. Very high speed centrifuges and ultracentrifuges able to provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiopacity
Radiodensity (or radiopacity) is opacity to the radio wave and X-ray portion of the electromagnetic spectrum: that is, the relative inability of those kinds of electromagnetic radiation to pass through a particular material. Radiolucency or hypodensity indicates greater passage (greater transradiancy) to X-ray photonsNovelline, Robert. ''Squire's Fundamentals of Radiology''. Harvard University Press. 5th edition. 1997. . and is the analogue of transparency and translucency with visible light. Materials that inhibit the passage of electromagnetic radiation are called radiodense or radiopaque, while those that allow radiation to pass more freely are referred to as radiolucent. Radiopaque volumes of material have white appearance on radiographs, compared with the relatively darker appearance of radiolucent volumes. For example, on typical radiographs, bones look white or light gray (radiopaque), whereas muscle and skin look black or dark gray, being mostly invisible (radiolucent). Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
