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Bongo–Baka Languages
The Bongo languages, or Bongo–Baka, comprise six languages spoken in South Sudan South Sudan (; din, Paguot Thudän), officially the Republic of South Sudan ( din, Paankɔc Cuëny Thudän), is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia, Sudan, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the .... They are members of the Central Sudanic language family. The most populous Bongo language is Jur Modo, spoken by a hundred thousand people. The languages are: * Bongo * Baka * Morokodo–Beli ** Jur Modo ** Morokodo (Nyamusa-Molo, Mo’da) ** Jur Beli (Beli) ** Mittu (extinct) In various classifications, Bongo is sometimes split off from the rest of the family, so the phrase ''Bongo–Baka'' may be less ambiguous than simply ''Bongo''.For example, ''Ethnologue'' places Bongo in its own branch of Bongo–Baka, but then comments that it is similar to Jur Beli in the main branch. However, Boyeldieu (2006)Boyeldieu, Pascal. 2006. Présentation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Sudan
South Sudan (; din, Paguot Thudän), officially the Republic of South Sudan ( din, Paankɔc Cuëny Thudän), is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia, Sudan, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya. Its population was estimated as 12,778,250 in 2019. Juba is the capital and largest city. It gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011, making it the most recent sovereign state or country with widespread recognition as of 2022. It includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd, formed by the White Nile and known locally as the '' Bahr al Jabal'', meaning "Mountain River". Sudan was occupied by Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty and was governed as an Anglo-Egyptian condominium until Sudanese independence in 1956. Following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A second Sudanese civil war soon broke out in 1983 and ended in 2005 with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Sudanic
Central Sudanic is a family of about sixty languages that have been included in the proposed Nilo-Saharan language family. Central Sudanic languages are spoken in the Central African Republic, Chad, South Sudan, Uganda, Congo (DRC), Nigeria and Cameroon. They include the pygmy languages Efé and Asoa. Blench (2011) suggests that Central Sudanic influenced the development of the noun-class system characteristic of the Atlantic–Congo languages. Urheimat The homeland of Proto-Central Sudanic is thought to be within the Bahr el Ghazal. Classification Half a dozen groups of Central Sudanic languages are generally accepted as valid. They are customarily divided into East and West branches. Starostin (2016) Starostin (2016)George Starostin (2016) ''The Nilo-Saharan hypothesis tested through lexicostatistics: current state of affairs'' finds support for Eastern Central Sudanic (Lendu, Mangbetu, Lugbara, etc., concentrated in the northeast corner of DR Congo) but not for the wes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bongo–Bagirmi Languages
The Bongo–Bagirmi or Sara–Bongo–Bagirmi languages are the major branch of the Central Sudanic language family with about forty languages. Principal groups include Bagirmi languages such as Naba and the Sara languages. They are spoken across CAR, Chad, South Sudan, and adjacent countries. Languages The Bongo–Bagirmi languages are for the most part poorly studied, and there is little agreement as to their internal classification. The table below is taken from Lionel Bender, as summarized in Blench (2000). * Bongo–Baka *Kara (= '' Tar Gula'' ?) *'' Sinyar (Shemya)'' ? * Bagirmi *Sara *'' Doba (Bedjond, Gor, Mango)'' * Kaba *Vale *'' Birri'' (likely to be closer to Kresh) *'' Fongoro (Formona)'' ? *'' Yulu (Yulu–Binga)'' Sinyar and Fongoro may not be Bongo–Bagirmi or even Central Sudanic languages. Classification Boyeldieu (2006)Boyeldieu, Pascal. 2006. Présentation des langues Sara-Bongo-Baguirmiennes'. Paris: CNRS-LLACAN (online version). classifies the Sara-Bon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Sudanic Languages
Central Sudanic is a family of about sixty languages that have been included in the proposed Nilo-Saharan language family. Central Sudanic languages are spoken in the Central African Republic, Chad, South Sudan, Uganda, Congo (DRC), Nigeria and Cameroon. They include the pygmy languages Efé and Asoa. Blench (2011) suggests that Central Sudanic influenced the development of the noun-class system characteristic of the Atlantic–Congo languages. Urheimat The homeland of Proto-Central Sudanic is thought to be within the Bahr el Ghazal. Classification Half a dozen groups of Central Sudanic languages are generally accepted as valid. They are customarily divided into East and West branches. Starostin (2016) Starostin (2016)George Starostin (2016) ''The Nilo-Saharan hypothesis tested through lexicostatistics: current state of affairs'' finds support for Eastern Central Sudanic (Lendu, Mangbetu, Lugbara, etc., concentrated in the northeast corner of DR Congo) but not for the west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jur Modo Language
Jur Modo, also known as ''Jur'' or ''Modo'', is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Jur Modo people of South Sudan. Dialects are Lori, Modo (Jur Modo, Modo Lali), Wira, Wetu. It is a tonal language Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is, to distinguish or to inflect words. All verbal languages use pitch to express emotional and other paralinguistic information and to convey empha .... Phonology Vowels Consonants References *Persson, Andrew M. and Persson, Janet R. 1991. Mödö-English dictionary with grammar. (Bilingual Dictionaries of Sudan, 1.) 1st edn. Nairobi: Sudan: Summer Institute of Linguistics. *Persson, Janet. 2004. Bongo-Bagirmi languages in Sudan. Occasional Papers in the Study of Sudanese Languages 9. 77-84. Languages of Chad Bongo–Bagirmi languages Languages of South Sudan {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bongo Language
Bongo (Bungu), also known as ''Dor'', is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Bongo people in sparsely populated areas of Bahr al Ghazal in South Sudan. A 2013 survey reported that ethnic Bongo reside in Bussere Boma, Bagari Payam, Wau County, South Sudan. Tone Bongo is tonal language that has the high (á), mid (ā), low (à) and falling (â) tones. All falling tones occur on either long vowels or on vowel clusters or glides. When the tonal fall is not due to a preceding high tone, it can be indicated by a high tine followed by a low tone Numerals Bongo has a quinary-vigesimal numeral system. Scholarship The first ethnologists to work with the Bongo language were John Petherick, who published Bongo word lists in his 1861 work, ''Egypt, the Soudan, and Central Africa''; Theodor von Heuglin, who also published Bongo word lists in ''Reise in das Gebiet des Weissen Nil, &c. 1862-1864'' in 1869; and Georg August Schweinfurth, who contributed sentences and vocabula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baka Language (Sudan)
Baka (''Tara Baka'') is a Central Sudanic languages, Central Sudanic language of South Sudan, with the majority living in an area centered on Maridi, South Sudan, but also a couple thousand speakers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC. It has consonants with Trilled affricate, trilled release such as and . A 2013 survey reported that the Baka were the largest ethnic group in Maridi County, South Sudan. They also live in Baka Boma (administrative division), Boma, Tore Payam (administrative division), Payam, Yei County, South Sudan. Phonology Consonants Vowels Neutral vowel: ɨ References Languages of South Sudan Bongo–Bagirmi languages {{ns-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morokodo Language
Morokodo is a dialect continuum of Central Sudanic languages spoken in South Sudan. Although there are 50,000 speakers of Morokodo, there are only 3,400 native speakers worldwide. There is a scarce amount of printed material of the endangered language and the only published works are missionary publications, such as the translation of the New Testament and song/prayer booklets by the Catholic missionaries. This language group has both advanced tongue root ATRand retracted tongue root ATRvowels. The most common number of phonemic vowels in the language family is nine. The retracted tongue root set is the basic set of vowels. Phonetically, in regards to vowel harmony, the advanced tongue root set is more dominant. The ATRvowel changes the pronunciation of a neighbouring and the ATRvowel is to correspond to the ATRvowel. There are three tones in the Morokodo language: mid, low and high tones. Ma'di has compounds and some poor deducing processes. Differentiation of the noun, verb, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jur Beli Language
JUR BELI LANGUAGE ’’Bëlï, or Jur Beli, is a Central Sudanic language spoken by the Beli and Sopi people of South Sudan. The Beli people are mainly found in South Sudan, a region southeast of Rumbek. The language is considered as endangered, and it is mostly spoken by the older generation. However, it has three dialects and variations that are specific to different regions and communities. The language has a complex grammatical structure, with a rich system of prefixes that are used to indicate various grammatical features, such as, mood, and aspect. Despite the lack of written material and limited use, Jur Beli is an important language for the Beli people, as it is an essential part of their cultural identity. The language serves as an important means of communication within the community, and it is used to transmit cultural knowledge and traditions from one generation to the next. Brief description about the Jur Beli people The Jur (Beli & Modo) people, a group of o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mittu Language
Morokodo is a dialect continuum of Central Sudanic languages spoken in South Sudan. Although there are 50,000 speakers of Morokodo, there are only 3,400 native speakers worldwide. There is a scarce amount of printed material of the endangered language and the only published works are missionary publications, such as the translation of the New Testament and song/prayer booklets by the Catholic Church, Catholic missionaries. This language group has both Advanced and retracted tongue root, advanced tongue root [+ATR] and Advanced and retracted tongue root, retracted tongue root [-ATR] vowels. The most common number of phonemic vowels in the language family is nine. The retracted tongue root set is the basic set of vowels. Phonetics, Phonetically, in regards to vowel harmony, the advanced tongue root set is more dominant. The [+ATR] vowel changes the pronunciation of a neighbouring and the [-ATR] vowel is to correspond to the [+ATR] vowel. There are three Tone (linguistics), tones i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
