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Bonacynodon
''Bonacynodon'' is an extinct genus of cynodonts that lived in what is now southern Brazil during the Triassic period (Ladinian–Carnian ages). The genus is monotypic, containing only the type species ''Bonacynodon schultzi''. ''B. schultzi'' is known from two specimens, consisting of two partial skulls and some badly preserved parts of the postcranium. Both specimens were recovered from the Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence, part of the Santa Maria Supersequence of the Paraná Basin. This sequence preserves a faunal association known as the ''Dinodontosaurus'' Assemblage Zone, which contains numerous other species of cynodonts, dicynodonts and reptiles. ''Bonacynodon'' was a small, likely insectivorous cynodont, whose length has been estimated at around . It can be distinguished from other cynodonts by its large, serrated (saw-like) canine teeth. Together with the genus ''Probainognathus'' of Argentina, it made up the family Probainognathidae, one of the earliest-diverging line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Probainognathidae
Probainognathidae is an extinct family of insectivorous cynodonts which lived in what is now South America during the Middle to Late Triassic. The family was established by Alfred Romer in 1973 and includes two genera, ''Probainognathus'' from the Chañares Formation of Argentina and ''Bonacynodon'' from the ''Dinodontosaurus'' Assemblage Zone of Brazil. Probainognathids were closely related to the clade Prozostrodontia, which includes mammals and their close relatives. Description Members of Probainognathidae were relatively small-bodied animals, with skull lengths of around . The temporal region (area behind the eye sockets) was rather wide, and longer than the snout. The secondary palate was well-developed compared to earlier cynodonts, and the portion made up by the maxilla was larger than the part made from the palatine bone. The dentary, the tooth-bearing bone of the lower jaw, was quite tall when seen from the side. The mandibular symphysis (the joint between the two h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2016 In Paleontology
Flora Plants Fungi Cnidarians Research * '' Yunnanoascus haikouensis'', previously thought to be a member of Ctenophora, is reinterpreted as a crown-group medusozoan by Han ''et al.'' (2016). * A study on the fossil corals from the Late Triassic (Norian) outcrops in Antalya Province (Turkey), indicating that the corals lived in symbiosis with photosynthesizing dinoflagellate algae, is published by Frankowiak ''et al.'' (2016). New taxa Arthropods Bryozoans Brachiopods Molluscs Echinoderms Conodonts Fishes Amphibians Research * A study on the histology and growth histories of the humeri of the specimens of ''Acanthostega'' recovered from the mass-death deposit of Stensiö Bjerg (Greenland) is published by Sanchez ''et al.'' (2016), who argue that even the largest individuals from this deposit are juveniles. * Fossils of a tetrapod resembling '' Ichthyostega'' and a probable whatcheeriid-grade tetrapod are described from two Devonian (Famennian) localities fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Maria Supersequence
The Santa Maria Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily Carnian in age (Late Triassic The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch ...), and is notable for its fossils of cynodonts, "rauisuchian" pseudosuchians, and early dinosaurs and other Dinosauromorpha, dinosauromorphs, including the herrerasaurid ''Staurikosaurus'', the Basal (phylogenetics), basal sauropodomorpha, sauropodomorphs ''Buriolestes'' and ''Saturnalia (genus), Saturnalia,'' and the Lagerpetidae, lagerpetid ''Ixalerpeton''. The formation is named after the city of Santa Maria (Rio Grande do Sul), Santa Maria in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, where outcrops were first studied. The Santa Maria Formation makes up the majority of the Santa Maria Supersequ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone
The Santa Maria Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily Carnian in age (Late Triassic), and is notable for its fossils of cynodonts, "rauisuchian" pseudosuchians, and early dinosaurs and other dinosauromorphs, including the herrerasaurid '' Staurikosaurus'', the basal sauropodomorphs ''Buriolestes'' and '' Saturnalia,'' and the lagerpetid ''Ixalerpeton''. The formation is named after the city of Santa Maria in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, where outcrops were first studied. The Santa Maria Formation makes up the majority of the Santa Maria Supersequence, which extends through the entire Late Triassic. The Santa Maria Supersequence is divided into four geological sequences, separated from each other by short unconformities. The first two of these sequences (Pinheiros-Chiniquá and Santa Cruz sequences) lie entirely within the Santa Maria Formation, while the third (the Candelária sequence) is shared with the ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canine Teeth
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dog teeth, or (in the context of the upper jaw) fangs, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or vampire fangs, are the relatively long, pointed teeth. They can appear more flattened however, causing them to resemble incisors and leading them to be called ''incisiform''. They developed and are used primarily for firmly holding food in order to tear it apart, and occasionally as weapons. They are often the largest teeth in a mammal's mouth. Individuals of most species that develop them normally have four, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, separated within each jaw by incisors; humans and dogs are examples. In most species, canines are the anterior-most teeth in the maxillary bone. The four canines in humans are the two maxillary canines and the two mandibular canines. Details There are generally four canine teeth: two in the upper (maxillary) and two in the lower (mandibular) arch. A canine is placed laterally t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skull Roof
The skull roof, or the roofing bones of the skull, are a set of bones covering the brain, eyes and nostrils in bony fishes and all land-living vertebrates. The bones are derived from dermal bone and are part of the dermatocranium. In comparative anatomy the term is used on the full dermatocranium. Romer, A.S. & T.S. Parsons. 1977. ''The Vertebrate Body.'' 5th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia. (6th ed. 1985) In general anatomy, the roofing bones may refer specifically to the bones that form above and alongside the brain and neurocranium (i.e., excluding the marginal upper jaw bones such as the maxilla and premaxilla), and in human anatomy, the skull roof often refers specifically to the skullcap. Origin Early armoured fish did not have a skull in the common understanding of the word, but had an endocranium that was partially open above, topped by dermal bones forming armour. The dermal bones gradually evolved into a fixed unit overlaying the endocranium like a heavy "lid", protec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinodontosaurus
''Dinodontosaurus'' (meaning "terrible-toothed lizard") is a genus of dicynodont therapsid. It was medium to large dicynodont of the Triassic (with skull up to long) and had a beak corneum. It lived in the Middle Triassic but disappeared in the Upper Triassic. Species * ''Dinodontosaurus tener'' is the most common species of dicynodont that existed in the Middle Triassic, and more common in the fossil layers that age in Rio Grande do Sul, in Rota Paleontológica. They are found mainly in the Paleontological Site Chiniquá in São Pedro do Sul and Candelária, where a group of ten pups were found together, demonstrating that these animals had strategies for coexistence in a group and caring for their offspring. ''Diodontosaurus pedroanum'' Tupi-Caldas, 1936 and ''Dinodontosaurus oliveirai'', Romer A Reference Card or "Romer" is a device for increasing the accuracy when reading a grid reference from a map. Made from transparent plastic, paper or other materials, they are a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candelária, Rio Grande Do Sul
Candelária is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Paleontology The Museum Aristides Carlos Rodrigues, in this city, has fossils. See also *List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), located in the South Region of Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul is divided into 497 municipalities, which are grouped into 35 microregions, which are grouped into 7 mesoregion ... References Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul {{RioGrandedoSul-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Llewellyn Ivor Price
Llewellyn Ivor Price (October 9, 1905 – June 9, 1980) was one of the first Brazilian paleontologists. His work contributed not only to the development of Brazilian but also to global paleontology. He collected '' Staurikosaurus'', the first dinosaur discovered in Brazil. Biography Price was born in Santa Maria. The son of American parents, he studied chemistry and graduated in zoology and geology in the United States. After being professor at Harvard he returned to Brazil. He died of a heart attack in Rio Grande do Sul. Awards * In 1980 he was awarded the ''José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva'' prize by the Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia The Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia is a learned society, technical and scientific society that aims brings to bring together Brazilian geologists, to disseminate technical and scientific information, and to participate in national decisions invo ....http://www.sbgeo.org.br/index.php/sbgeo/realizacoes Sociedade Brasileira de Geolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paratype
In zoology and botany, a paratype is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a species and other taxon actually represents, but it is not the holotype (and in botany is also neither an isotype nor a syntype). Often there is more than one paratype. Paratypes are usually held in museum research collections. The exact meaning of the term ''paratype'' when it is used in zoology is not the same as the meaning when it is used in botany. In both cases however, this term is used in conjunction with ''holotype''. Zoology In zoological nomenclature, a paratype is officially defined as "Each specimen of a type series other than the holotype.", ''International Code of Zoological Nomenclature'' In turn, this definition relies on the definition of a "type series". A type series is the material (specimens of organisms) that was cited in the original publication of the new species or subspecies, and was not excluded from being type material by the author (th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holotype
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), a holotype is one of several kinds of name-bearing types. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and ICZN, the definitions of types are similar in intent but not identical in terminology or underlying concept. For example, the holotype for the butterfly '' Plebejus idas longinus'' is a preserved specimen of that subspecies, held by the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. In botany, an isotype is a duplicate of the holotype, where holotype and isotypes are often pieces from the same individual plant or samples from the same gathering. A holotype is not necessarily "typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fig 2
The fig is the edible fruit of ''Ficus carica'', a species of small tree in the flowering plant family Moraceae. Native to the Mediterranean and western Asia, it has been cultivated since ancient times and is now widely grown throughout the world, both for its fruit and as an ornamental plant.''The Fig: its History, Culture, and Curing'', Gustavus A. Eisen, Washington, Govt. print. off., 1901 ''Ficus carica'' is the type species of the genus ''Ficus'', containing over 800 tropical and subtropical plant species. A fig plant is a small deciduous tree or large shrub growing up to tall, with smooth white bark. Its large leaves have three to five deep lobes. Its fruit (referred to as syconium, a type of multiple fruit) is tear-shaped, long, with a green skin that may ripen toward purple or brown, and sweet soft reddish flesh containing numerous crunchy seeds. The milky sap of the green parts is an irritant to human skin. In the Northern Hemisphere, fresh figs are in season from la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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