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Boletus Macrosporus
''Boletus'' is a genus of mushroom-producing fungi, comprising List of Boletus species, over 100 species. The genus ''Boletus'' was originally broadly defined and described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, essentially containing all fungi with hymenial pores instead of gills. Since then, other genera have been defined gradually, such as ''Tylopilus'' by Petter Adolf Karsten in 1881, and old names such as ''Leccinum'' have been resurrected or redefined. Some mushrooms listed in older books as members of the genus have now been placed in separate genera. These include such as ''Boletus scaber'', now ''Leccinum scabrum'', ''Tylopilus felleus'', ''Chalciporus piperatus'' and ''Suillus luteus''. Most boletes have been found to be ectomycorrhizal fungi, which mean that they form a mutualistic relationship with the roots system of certain kinds of plants. More recently, ''Boletus'' has been found to be massively polyphyletic, with only a small percentage of the over 300 species that have bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletus Edulis
''Boletus edulis'' (English: cep, penny bun, porcino or porcini) is a basidiomycete fungus, and the type species of the genus ''Boletus''. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere across Europe, Asia, and North America, it does not occur naturally in the Southern Hemisphere, although it has been introduced to southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Brazil. Several closely related European mushrooms formerly thought to be varieties or forms of ''B. edulis'' have been shown using molecular phylogenetic analysis to be distinct species, and others previously classed as separate species are conspecific with this species. The western North American species commonly known as the California king bolete (''Boletus edulis'' var. ''grandedulis'') is a large, darker-coloured variant first formally identified in 2007. The fungus grows in deciduous and coniferous forests and tree plantations, forming symbiotic ectomycorrhizal associations with living trees by enveloping the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalciporus Piperatus
''Chalciporus piperatus'', commonly known as the peppery bolete, is a small pored mushroom of the family Boletaceae found in mixed woodland in Europe and North America. It has been recorded under introduced trees in Brazil, and has become naturalised in Tasmania and spread under native ''Nothofagus cunninghamii'' trees. A small bolete, the fruit body has a orange-fawn cap with cinnamon to brown pores underneath, and a high by thick stipe. The flesh has a very peppery taste. The rare variety ''hypochryseus'', found only in Europe, has yellow pores and tubes. Described by Pierre Bulliard in 1790 as ''Boletus piperatus'', it is only distantly related to other members of the genus ''Boletus'' and was reclassified as ''Chalciporus piperatus'' by Frédéric Bataille in 1908. The genus ''Chalciporus'' was an early branching lineage in the Boletaceae and appears to be related to boletes with parasitic properties. Previously thought to be ectomycorrhizal (a symbiotic relationshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:en:Boletus Bainiugan
''Boletus bainiugan'' is a species of porcini-like fungus native to Henan, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces in Central and Southwestern China, where it grows under '' Pinus yunnanensis'', '' Pinus kesiya'' and '' Castanea mollissima''. It is closely related to '' Boletus reticulatus''. The epiphet ''bainiugan'' is the Hanyu Pinyin Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese for ... transcription of the fungus's Mandarin name, "white porcini". The other epiphet ''meiweiniuganjun'' likewise is a transcription of "delicious porcini", a name originally used to translate the epiphet of '' Boletus edulis''. References bainiugan Fungi of China Fungi described in 2013 {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:en:Boletus Aereus
''Boletus aereus'', the dark cep or bronze bolete, is a highly prized and much sought-after edible mushroom in the family Boletaceae. The bolete is widely consumed in Spain (Basque Country and Navarre), France, Italy, Greece, and generally throughout the Mediterranean. Described in 1789 by French mycologist Pierre Bulliard, it is closely related to several other European boletes, including '' B. reticulatus'', '' B. pinophilus'', and the popular '' B. edulis''. Some populations in North Africa have in the past been classified as a separate species, '' B. mamorensis'', but have been shown to be phylogenetically conspecific to ''B. aereus'' and this taxon is now regarded as a synonym. The fungus predominantly grows in habitats with broad-leaved trees and shrubs, forming symbiotic ectomycorrhizal associations in which the underground roots of these plants are enveloped with sheaths of fungal tissue (hyphae). The cork oak ('' Quercus suber'') is a key host ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:en:Boletus Viscidiceps
''Boletus viscidiceps'' is a species of porcini-like fungus native to Yunnan Province in southwestern China. References viscidiceps Fungi of China Fungi described in 2016 {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:en:Boletus Barrowsii
''Boletus barrowsii'', also known in English as the white king bolete after its pale colored cap, is an edible and highly regarded fungus in the genus '' Boletus'' that inhabits western North America. Found under ponderosa pine and live oak in autumn, it was considered a color variant of the similarly edible '' B. edulis'' for many years. Taxonomy and naming It was officially described by American mycologists Harry D. Thiers and Alexander H. Smith in 1976 from a specimen collected near Jacob Lake, Arizona, on August 21, 1971, by amateur mycologist Charles "Chuck" Barrows, who had studied the mushroom in New Mexico. It was previously held to be a white colour form of '' Boletus edulis''. A 2010 molecular study found that ''B. barrowsii'' was sister to a lineage that gave rise to the species '' B. quercophilus'' of Costa Rica and '' B. nobilissimus'' of eastern North America. Description The cap is 6–25 cm (2–10 in) in diameter, initially convex in shap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amanita Caesarea
''Amanita caesarea'', commonly known as Caesar's mushroom, is a highly regarded edible mushroom in the genus ''Amanita'', native to southern Europe and North Africa. While it was first described by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1772, this mushroom was a known favorite of early rulers of the Roman Empire. It has a distinctive orange cap, yellow gills and stipe. Organic acids have been isolated from this species. Similar orange-capped species occur in North America and India. It was known to and valued by the Ancient Romans, who called it ''Boletus'', a name now applied to a very different type of fungus. Although it is edible, the Caesar's mushroom is closely related to the psychoactive fly agaric, and to the deadly poisonous death cap and destroying angels. Taxonomy and naming ''Amanita caesarea'' was first described by Italian mycologist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1772 as ''Agaricus caesareus'', before later being placed in ''Amanita'' by Persoon in 1801. The common n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galen
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus ( el, Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; September 129 – c. AD 216), often Anglicized as Galen () or Galen of Pergamon, was a Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire. Considered to be one of the most accomplished of all medical researchers of antiquity, Galen influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology, as well as philosophy and logic. The son of Aelius Nicon, a wealthy Greek architect with scholarly interests, Galen received a comprehensive education that prepared him for a successful career as a physician and philosopher. Born in the ancient city of Pergamon (present-day Bergama, Turkey), Galen traveled extensively, exposing himself to a wide variety of medical theories and discoveries before settling in Rome, where he served prominent members of Roman society and eventually was given the position of personal physician to several emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586, it is the second oldest university press after Cambridge University Press. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics known as the Delegates of the Press, who are appointed by the vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho. For the last 500 years, OUP has primarily focused on the publication of pedagogical texts and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Scott (philologist)
Robert Scott (26 January 1811 – 2 December 1887) was a British academic philologist and Church of England priest. Biography Scott was born on 26 January 1811 in Bondleigh, Devon, England. He was educated at St Bees School in Cumbria, and Shrewsbury School in Shropshire. He studied classics at Christ Church, Oxford, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1833. Scott was ordained in 1835 and held the college living of Duloe, Cornwall, from 1845 to 1850. He was a prebendary of Exeter Cathedral from 1845 to 1866 and rector of South Luffenham, Rutland, from 1850 to 1854 when he was elected Master of Balliol College, Oxford. He served as Dean Ireland's Professor of the Exegesis of Holy Scripture at Oxford from 1861 to 1870 and as the Dean of Rochester from 1870 until his death in 1887. Scott is best known as the co-editor (with his colleague Henry Liddell) of '' A Greek-English Lexicon'', the standard dictionary of the classical Greek language. According to the 1925 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry George Liddell
Henry George Liddell (; 6 February 1811– 18 January 1898) was dean (1855–1891) of Christ Church, Oxford, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University (1870–1874), headmaster (1846–1855) of Westminster School (where a house is now named after him), author of ''A History of Rome'' (1855), and co-author (with Robert Scott) of the monumental work ''A Greek–English Lexicon'', known as "Liddell and Scott", which is still widely used by students of Greek. Lewis Carroll wrote ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' for Henry Liddell's daughter Alice Liddell, Alice. Life Liddell received his education at Charterhouse School, Charterhouse and Christ Church, Oxford. He gained a British undergraduate degree classification, double first degree in 1833, then became a college tutor, and was ordained in 1838. Liddell was Headmaster of Westminster School (God Gives the Increase) , established = Earliest records date from the 14th century, refounded in 1560 , type = Publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic period (), and the Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical periods of the language. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regarded as a separate historical stage, although its earliest form closely resembles Attic Greek and its latest form approaches Medieval Greek. There were several regional dialects of Ancient Greek, of which Attic Greek developed into Koine. Dia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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