Bob Balaram
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Bob Balaram
J. "Bob" Balaram (born 6 November 1961) is an Indian-American scientist and engineer currently working for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. He is the chief engineer and designer of '' Ingenuity'' (project name: ''Mars 2020'' helicopter), the first extraterrestrial aircraft, that was attached underside of car-sized ''Perseverance'' rover that successfully landed on the Mars in February 2021. Early life and education Balaram completed his Bachelor of Technology course from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India in 1980, and further went to receive his MS and Ph.D. in Computer and Systems Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York. Work at NASA Bob joined NASA's JPL in 1985 after finishing his doctorate. He has been working at Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the past 20 years in Mobility & Robotic Systems Department. During his time here, Bob has been actively engaged in the area of telerobotics technology development for several Mars rover ...
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Space Science
Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction. In classical physics, physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework. Debates concerning the nature, essence and the mode of existence of space date back to antiquity; namely, to treatises like the ''Timaeus'' of Plato, or Socrates in his reflections on what the Greeks called ''khôra'' (i.e. "space"), or in the ''Physics'' of Aristotle (Book IV, Delta) in the definition of ''topos'' (i.e. place), or in the later "geometrical conception of place" as "spac ...
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Engineering
Engineering is the use of scientific method, scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more specialized List of engineering branches, fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied mathematics, applied science, and types of application. See glossary of engineering. The term ''engineering'' is derived from the Latin ''ingenium'', meaning "cleverness" and ''ingeniare'', meaning "to contrive, devise". Definition The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the predecessor of Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, ABET) has defined "engineering" as: The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct o ...
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Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Alumni
Rensselaer may refer to: Places *Rensselaer, Indiana, a city ** Rensselaer (Amtrak station), serving the city * Rensselaer, Missouri, a village *Rensselaer County, New York * Rensselaer, New York, a city in Rensselaer County * Rensselaer Falls, New York, a village in St. Lawrence County * Rensselaerville, New York, a town in Albany County *Manor of Rensselaerswyck, the Van Rensselaer family's estate during colonial times People * Van Rensselaer (surname) * Rensselaer Morse Lewis (1820-1888), Wisconsin state legislator * Rensselaer Nelson (1826-1904), U.S. federal judge * Rensselaer Westerlo (1776–1851), U.S. Congressman from New York * Bret Rensselaer, an American-born, British spy in the Bernard Samson novels Other * Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a university in Troy, New York See also * Van Rensselaer (other) Van Rensselaer may refer to: *Van Rensselaer family, a prominent Dutch American family *Van Rensselaer (surname), a surname (including a list of people ...
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American People Of Indian Descent
American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" ** American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States ** Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams Soccer * B ...
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IIT Madras Alumni
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are central government owned public technical institutes located across India. They are under the ownership of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. They are governed by the Institutes of Technology Act, 1961, declaring them as Institutes of National Importance and laying down their powers, duties, and framework for governance as the country's premier institutions in the field of technology. The act currently lists twenty-three IITs. Each IIT has autonomy and is linked to others through a common council called the IIT Council, which oversees their administration. The Minister of Education of India is the ex officio Chairperson of the IIT Council. List of institutes History The history of the IIT system nearly dates back to 1946 when Sir Jogendra Singh of the Viceroy's Executive Council set up a committee whose task was to consider the creation of ''Higher Technical Institutions'' for post-war industrial ...
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NASA People
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), to give the U.S. space development effort a distinctly civilian orientation, emphasizing peaceful applications in space science. NASA has since led most American space exploration, including Project Mercury, Project Gemini, the 1968-1972 Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station, and the Space Shuttle. NASA supports the International Space Station and oversees the development of the Orion spacecraft and the Space Launch System for the crewed lunar Artemis program, Commercial Crew spacecraft, and the planned Lunar Gateway space station. The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program, which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for ...
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Swati Mohan
Swati Mohan is an Indian-American aerospace engineer and was the Guidance and Controls Operations Lead on the NASA Mars 2020 mission. Early life and education Mohan was born in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, and emigrated to the United States when she was one year old. She became interested in space upon seeing Star Trek at age 9. She had originally planned to be a pediatrician but at the age of 16 took a physics class and decided to study engineering as a way to pursue a career in space exploration. She studied Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Cornell University, before completing her master's degree and Ph.D. in Aeronautics and Astronautics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She researched on-orbit operations in the Space Systems Laboratory (MIT) with Professor Dave Miller. She worked with the Synchronized Position Hold Engage and Reorient Experimental Satellite (SPHERES), SWARM, and ALMOST testbeds. With SPHERES, she had multiple tests performed on the Intern ...
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Timothy Canham
Timothy Canham is an American software engineer. He works at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), where he is the operations lead and former software lead for the Mars helicopter '' Ingenuity''. He resides in Santa Clarita, California. Education Canham attended Marcus Whitman High School in Rushville, New York and Clarkson University, where he graduated in 1991 with a bachelor's degree in electrical and computer engineering. Career Upon graduating from Clarkson University, Canham applied for a job at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and has worked there ever since with the exception of one year off in the 1990s. Prior to his work on ''Ingenuity'', Canham developed software that resulted in the successful landing of ''Curiosity''. He is an architect of the Fprime flight software framework, used in many JPL projects including ''Ingenuity''. Canham started working on the ''Ingenuity'' project in the summer of 2015, building a prototype of the helicopter to "test the basics" with ...
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Air & Space/Smithsonian
''Air & Space/Smithsonian'' is a quarterly magazine published by the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ..., United States. Its first publication was in April 1986. Articles in the magazine involve topics related to aviation and space travel, historical and current. It also covers military aviation and aeronautical technology. References External links * 1986 establishments in Washington, D.C. Bimonthly magazines published in the United States History magazines published in the United States Aviation magazines Magazines established in 1986 Magazines published in Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution publications {{hist-mag-stub ...
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Charles Elachi
Charles Elachi (born April 18, 1947
. ''Cedars Network''. Retrieved on February 20, 2008.
) is a Lebanese-American professor (emeritus) of electrical engineering and planetary science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). From 2001 to 2016 he was the 8th director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and vice president of Caltech.


Early life and education

Elachi was born in Lebanon. He studied at Collège des Apôtres, Jounieh from 1958 to 1962, and then at the École Orientale, Zahlé, where he graduated in 1964 first in Lebanon in the Lebanese Baccalaureate (Mathématiques Élémentaires). Elachi received a bachelor's degree (1968) in physics from Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; a first master's degree (Diplôme d'Ingénieur - 1968) in engineering from Grenoble Inst ...
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MiMi Aung
MiMi Aun ( my, မိမိအောင်, ; born 1968) is a Burmese-American engineer and project manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). She is a lead engineer on the Mars Helicopter ''Ingenuity'', the first extraterrestrial aircraft. Aung was born in the United States, where her parents met, though her family returned to Burma when she was 2 years old. After spending her childhood in Burma and Malaysia, Aung returned to the United States at age 16 and studied engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where she received her Bachelor's and master's degrees. In 1990, she joined JPL. On February 18, 2021, Ingenuity arrived on Mars and on April 19 took its first 39-second flight. Aung said, it “was an incredible moment” and “This morning our dream came true.” The flight is being compared to the first flight in 1903 of the Wright brothers' airplane, a small piece of which was carried by the helicopter to Mars. Early life and family MiM ...
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