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Black Flies
A black fly or blackfly (sometimes called a buffalo gnat, turkey gnat, or white socks) is any member of the family Simuliidae of the Culicomorpha infraorder. It is related to the Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, and Thaumaleidae. Over 2,200 species of black flies have been formally named, of which 15 are extinct. They are divided into two subfamilies: Parasimuliinae contains only one genus and four species; Simuliinae contains all the rest. Over 1,800 of the species belong to the genus ''Simulium''. Most black flies gain nourishment by feeding on the blood of mammals, including humans, although the males feed mainly on nectar. They are usually small, black or gray, with short arthropod leg, legs, and antenna (biology), antennae. They are a common nuisance for humans, and many U.S. states have programs to suppress the black fly population. They spread several diseases, including river blindness in Africa (''Simulium damnosum'' and ''S. neavei'') and the Americas (''S. callidum'' an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simulium Trifasciatum
''Simulium'' is a genus of black flies, which may transmit diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness). It is a large genus with several hundred species, and 41 genus, subgenera. The flies are pool feeders. Their saliva, which contains anticoagulants, a number of enzymes and histamine, is mixed with the blood, preventing clotting until it is ingested by the fly. These bites cause localized tissue damage, and if the number of feeding flies is sufficient, their feeding may produce a blood-loss anaemia. The host's reaction to fly attacks may include systemic illness, allergic reactions or even death, presumably mediated by histamine. In humans, this systemic reaction is known as "black fly fever" and is characterized by headaches, fever, nausea, adenitis, generalized dermatitis, and allergic asthma. Systematics Subgenera: * ''Afrosimulium'' Roger Ward Crosskey, Crosskey, 1969 * ''Anasolen'' Günther Enderlein, Enderlein, 1930 * ''Asiosimulium'' Takaoka & Choochote, 2005 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simulium
''Simulium'' is a genus of black flies, which may transmit diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness). It is a large genus with several hundred species, and 41 subgenera. The flies are pool feeders. Their saliva, which contains anticoagulants, a number of enzymes and histamine, is mixed with the blood, preventing clotting until it is ingested by the fly. These bites cause localized tissue damage, and if the number of feeding flies is sufficient, their feeding may produce a blood-loss anaemia. The host's reaction to fly attacks may include systemic illness, allergic reactions or even death, presumably mediated by histamine. In humans, this systemic reaction is known as "black fly fever" and is characterized by headaches, fever, nausea, adenitis, generalized dermatitis, and allergic asthma. Systematics Subgenera: * '' Afrosimulium'' Crosskey, 1969 * '' Anasolen'' Enderlein, 1930 * '' Asiosimulium'' Takaoka & Choochote, 2005 * '' Aspathia'' Enderlein, 1935 * '' Booph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prosimulium
''Prosimulium'' is a genus of black flies (insects in the family Simuliidae). There are at least 110 described species in ''Prosimulium''. See also * List of Prosimulium species References Further reading * * * * External links * Simuliidae Chironomoidea genera {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedrowygomyia
''Pedrowygomyia'' is a genus of neotropical simuliid flies erected in 1998 from the ''Gigantodax cortesi'' species group of the 1925 genus ''Gigantodax'' after a Cladistics, cladistics analysis of the species groups recognized in the genus indicated that it was paraphyletic.Daniel Rafael Miranda-Esquivel and Sixto Coscarón. 1998. ''Pedrowygomyia'', a new Neotropical genus of Prosimuliini (Diptera: Simuliidae): ''Gigantodax'' s. lat. split into two genera. ''Insect Systematics & Evolution'', 29(2):161–167, online publication date: 01 Jan 1998, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/187631298X00267.Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante do Nascimento, Neusa Hamada, Ana A Huamantinco-Araujo. 2020. ''Pedrowygomyia'' (Diptera: Simuliidae): Discovery of a New Species After 30 yr. ''Journal of Medical Entomology'', tjaa270, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa270, Published: 16 December 2020. The genus was named in recognition of the contributions to science of entomologist Petr Wolfgang Wygodzinsky. ''Pedrowyg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasimulium
''Parasimulium'' is a genus of black flies containing two subgenera and four species. They are found in western North America. Most species are rare, and some Canadian species are cave dwellers. Species * Subgenus '' Astoneomyia'' Peterson, 1977 :* '' P. melanderi'' Stone, 1963 * Subgenus ''Parasimulium ''Parasimulium'' is a genus of black flies containing two subgenera and four species. They are found in western North America. Most species are rare, and some Canadian Canadians (french: Canadiens) are people identified with the country ...'' Malloch, 1914 :* '' P. crosskeyi'' Peterson, 1977 :* '' P. furcatum'' Malloch, 1914 :* '' P. stonei'' Peterson, 1977 Literature cited Simuliidae Chironomoidea genera Taxa named by John Russell Malloch {{Chironomoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
