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Black Wood Of Grapevine
"''Candidatus'' Phytoplasma solani" is a phytopathogenic bacterial '' Phytoplasma'' species of the 16SrXII group, the causal agent of the black wood of grapevine. The black wood of grapevine disease is classified as part of the grapevine yellows. "''Ca.'' Phytoplasma solani" is also associated with the tree peony (''Paeonia suffruticosa'') yellows disease in China and tobacco (''Nicotiana tabacum'') leaf abnormality in Turkey. See also * List of grape diseases * List of tobacco diseases * Flavescence dorée Flavescence dorée (from French "Flavescence" : yellowing and "dorée" : golden) is one of the most important and damaging phytoplasma diseases of the vine with the potential to threaten vineyards. The bacterial agent has recently been named '' Can ..., another vine disease due to a '' Phytoplasma'' species References External links * Bacterial grape diseases Maize diseases Potato diseases Tobacco diseases Bacterial plant pathogens and diseases Candidatus ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grape
A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began perhaps 8,000 years ago, and the fruit has been used as human food over history. Eaten fresh or in dried form (as raisins, currants and sultanas), grapes also hold cultural significance in many parts of the world, particularly for their role in winemaking. Other grape-derived products include various types of jam, juice, vinegar and oil. History The Middle East is generally described as the homeland of grape and the cultivation of this plant began there 6,000–8,000 years ago. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the discovery of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicotiana Tabacum
''Nicotiana tabacum'', or cultivated tobacco, is an annually grown herbaceous plant of the ''Nicotiana'' genus. The plant is tropical in origin, is commonly grown throughout the world, and is often found in cultivation. It grows to heights between 1 and 2 meters (3' to 6'). Research is ongoing into its ancestry among wild ''Nicotiana'' species, but it is believed to be a hybrid of ''Nicotiana sylvestris'', '' Nicotiana tomentosiformis'', and possibly '' Nicotiana otophora''. It is the most commonly grown of all plants in the genus ''Nicotiana,'' the plants' leaves commercially grown to be processed into tobacco. Description It is an annual plant that grows high and is sticky hairy on all parts. The stems are thick and not very branched. The leaves can be over long with the blades ovate to elliptical, or obovate, pointed towards the front and, at the base, run down the stem or are sessile, encompassing the stem. The scented inflorescences are multi-branched panicles. The flow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobacco Diseases
This is a list of diseases of tobacco (''Nicotiana tabacum''). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Nematodes, parasitic Viral and phytoplasma diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders {, class="wikitable" style="clear" ! colspan=2, Miscellaneous diseases and disorders , - , Brown root rot , , ''Pratylenchus'' spp. (nematodes) , - , Drought spot , , Drought , - , False broomrape , , Unknown , - , Frenching , , Metabolite of ''Bacillus cereus'' , - , Stem break (in Europe) , , ''Ditylenchus dipsaci'' (nematodes) , - , Sunscald , , High light intensity and high temperatures , - , Weather fleck , , Ozone , - References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society Tobacco Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potato Diseases
This is a list of diseases and disorders found in potatoes. Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Protistan diseases Viral and viroid diseases Nematode parasitic Phytoplasmal diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society External links * {{cite web, last1=Sparks, first1=Adam, last2=Kennelly, first2=Megan, title=Common Scab of Potato, url=http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2097/21718/KSUL0009KSREEPPUBSEP148a.pdf, publisher=Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, accessdate=2018-01-06, date=May 2008 Potato The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern Unit ... * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maize Diseases ...
Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Nematodes, Parasitic Virus and virus-like diseases References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society {{corn * Maize Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterial Grape Diseases
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, Hot spring, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the nitrogen fixation, fixation of nitrogen from the Earth's atmosphere, atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of cadaver, dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavescence Dorée
Flavescence dorée (from French "Flavescence" : yellowing and "dorée" : golden) is one of the most important and damaging phytoplasma diseases of the vine with the potential to threaten vineyards. The bacterial agent has recently been named '' Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis'', and its vector is the leafhopper, '' Scaphoideus titanus''. Infection may kill young vines and greatly reduce the productivity of old vines. It is classified as a phytoplasma disease belonging to the group generically termed grapevine yellows.winepros.com.au. Occurrences are in sporadic epidemics, and varieties vary in their sensitivity to it. There is no cure at the moment and the way to manage its spread is by uprooting infected plants and by using selective insecticides in an area-wide pest management approach in order to reduce the hemipteran vectors. Symptoms The incubation period between infection and obvious symptoms is usually one year or more, depending on the response of the plant to both pathogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Tobacco Diseases
This is a list of diseases of tobacco (''Nicotiana tabacum''). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Nematodes, parasitic Viral and phytoplasma diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders {, class="wikitable" style="clear" ! colspan=2, Miscellaneous diseases and disorders , - , Brown root rot , , ''Pratylenchus'' spp. (nematodes) , - , Drought spot , , Drought , - , False broomrape , , Unknown , - , Frenching , , Metabolite of ''Bacillus cereus'' , - , Stem break (in Europe) , , ''Ditylenchus dipsaci'' (nematodes) , - , Sunscald , , High light intensity and high temperatures , - , Weather fleck , , Ozone , - References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society Tobacco Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Grape Diseases
This is a list of diseases of grapes (''Vitis'' spp.). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders Nematodes, parasitic Phytoplasma, virus and viruslike diseases See also *'' Ampeloglypter ater'' *'' Ampeloglypter sesostris'' *'' Ampelomyia viticola'' *''Eupoecilia ambiguella'' *Great French Wine Blight *Japanese beetle * List of Lepidoptera that feed on grapevines *''Maconellicoccus hirsutus'' *'' Otiorhynchus cribricollis'' *''Paralobesia viteana'' *'' Pseudococcus maritimus'' *'' Pseudococcus viburni'' *''Zenophassus'' References External links Diseases of Grapevines information from Cooperative Extension Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society* ttp://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160523145652/http://winegrapes.wsu.edu/virology/ virus diseases of the grapevine {{Viticulture * Grape A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus '' Vitis''. Grapes are a non- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a East Thrace, small portion on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is located off the south coast. Turkish people, Turks form the vast majority of the nation's population and Kurds are the largest minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital, while Istanbul is its list of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city and financial centre. One of the world's earliest permanently Settler, settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to important Neol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grapevine Yellows
Grapevine yellows (GY) are diseases associated to phytoplasmas that occur in many grape growing areas worldwide and are of still increasing significance. The most important grapevine yellows is flavescence dorée. Phytoplasmas are obligate cell wall-less bacterial pathogens (class Mollicutes), and rely on plants and homopterous phloem-sucking insects for biological dispersal. In plants, they are mainly restricted to the phloem tissue where they can move and multiply through the sieve tube elements. Almost identical symptoms of the GY syndrome are caused by different phytoplasmas and appear on leaves, shoots and clusters of grapevine. Typical symptoms include discoloration and necrosis of leaf veins and leaf blades, downward curling of leaves, lack or incomplete lignification of shoots, stunting and necrosis of shoots, abortion of inflorescences and shrivelling of berries. Those symptoms are related to callose deposition at the sieve plates and subsequent degeneration of the phloe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytoplasma
Phytoplasmas are obligate intracellular parasites of plant phloem tissue and of the insect vectors that are involved in their plant-to-plant transmission. Phytoplasmas were discovered in 1967 by Japanese scientists who termed them mycoplasma-like organisms. Since their discovery, phytoplasmas have resisted all attempts at ''in vitro'' culture in any cell-free medium; routine cultivation in an artificial medium thus remains a major challenge. Phytoplasmas are characterized by the lack of a cell wall, a pleiomorphic or filamentous shape, a diameter normally less than 1 μm, and a very small genome. Phytoplasmas are pathogens of agriculturally important plants, including coconut, sugarcane, and sandalwood, in which they cause a wide variety of symptoms ranging from mild yellowing to death. Phytoplasmas are most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. They are transmitted from plant to plant by vectors (normally sap-sucking insects such as leafhoppers) in which they both sur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
