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Black Death In Spain
The Black Death (''Peste negra'') was present in the states of present-day Spain between 1348 and 1350. In the 14th-century, present-day Spain was composed of the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile and Navarre, and the Emirate of Granada. In the countries on the Iberian Peninsula, the Black Death is well documented and researched in Navarre and particularly in Aragon (recorded in the chronicle of Peter IV), but less documented in Castile, Portugal and Granada. In the Iberian Peninsula the Black Death is estimated to have killed 60 to 65% of the population, reducing its total population from six million to 2 to 2.5 million. In absolute terms, Europe's 80 million inhabitants were reduced to only 30 million between 1347 and 1353.https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/peste-negra-epidemia-mas-mortifera_6280 Aragon The Black Death in Aragon is described by contemporary witnesses, such as in the chronicle of Peter IV of Aragon, and has been subjected to thorough research which has dem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John II Of Castile
John II of Castile ( es, link=no, Juan; 6 March 1405 – 20 July 1454) was King of Castile and León from 1406 to 1454. He succeeded his older sister, Maria of Castile, Queen of Aragon, as Prince of Asturias in 1405. Regency John was the son of King Henry III and his wife, Catherine of Lancaster. His mother was the granddaughter of King Peter, who was ousted by Henry III's grandfather, King Henry II. John succeeded his father on 25 December 1406, and united in his person the claims of both Peter and Henry II. His mother and his uncle, King Ferdinand I of Aragon, were co-regents during his minority. When Ferdinand I died in 1416, his mother governed alone until her death in 1418. Personal rule John II's reign, lasting 48 years, was one of the longest in Castilian history, but John himself was not a particularly capable monarch. He spent his time verse-making, hunting, and holding tournaments. His favourite, Álvaro de Luna, heavily influenced him until his second wife, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1348 In Europe
Year 1348 ( MCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1348th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 348th year of the 2nd millennium, the 48th year of the 14th century, and the 9th and pre-final year of the 1340s decade. Events January–December * January – Gonville Hall, the forerunner of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, England, is founded. * January 25 – The 6.9-magnitude 1348 Friuli earthquake centered in Northern Italy was felt across Europe. Contemporary minds linked the quake with the Black Death, fueling fears that the Biblical Apocalypse had arrived. * February 2 – Battle of Strėva: the Teutonic Order secure a victory over the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. * April 7 – Charles University in Prague, founded the previous year by papal bull, is granted privileges by Charles I, King of Bohemia, in a golden bull. * April 23 &nd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Health Disasters In Spain
Health, according to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity".World Health Organization. (2006)''Constitution of the World Health Organization''– ''Basic Documents'', Forty-fifth edition, Supplement, October 2006. A variety of definitions have been used for different purposes over time. Health can be promoted by encouraging healthful activities, such as regular physical exercise and adequate sleep, and by reducing or avoiding unhealthful activities or situations, such as smoking or excessive stress. Some factors affecting health are due to individual choices, such as whether to engage in a high-risk behavior, while others are due to structural causes, such as whether the society is arranged in a way that makes it easier or harder for people to get necessary healthcare services. Still, other factors are beyond both individual and group choices, such as genetic disorders. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Death In Spain
Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem, and brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition of death. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose shortly after death. Death is an inevitable process that eventually occurs in almost all organisms. Death is generally applied to whole organisms; the similar process seen in individual components of an organism, such as cells or tissues, is necrosis. Something that is not considered an organism, such as a virus, can be physically destroyed but is not said to die. As of the early 21st century, over 150,000 humans die each day, with ageing being by far the most common cause of death. Many cultures and religions have the idea of an afterlife, and also may hold the idea of judgement of good and bad deeds in one's life ( h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th Century In Spain
14 (fourteen) is a natural number following 13 and preceding 15. In relation to the word "four" ( 4), 14 is spelled "fourteen". In mathematics * 14 is a composite number. * 14 is a square pyramidal number. * 14 is a stella octangula number. * In hexadecimal, fourteen is represented as E * Fourteen is the lowest even ''n'' for which the equation φ(''x'') = ''n'' has no solution, making it the first even nontotient (see Euler's totient function). * Take a set of real numbers and apply the closure and complement operations to it in any possible sequence. At most 14 distinct sets can be generated in this way. ** This holds even if the reals are replaced by a more general topological space. See Kuratowski's closure-complement problem * 14 is a Catalan number. * Fourteen is a Companion Pell number. * According to the Shapiro inequality 14 is the least number ''n'' such that there exist ''x'', ''x'', ..., ''x'' such that :\sum_^ \frac < \frac where ''x'' = ''x'', ''x'' = ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Health Disasters
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 ( MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 ( MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plague (disease)
Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium ''Yersinia pestis''. Symptoms include fever, weakness and headache. Usually this begins one to seven days after exposure. There are three forms of plague, each affecting a different part of the body and causing associated symptoms. Pneumonic plague infects the lungs, causing shortness of breath, coughing and chest pain; bubonic plague affects the lymph nodes, making them swell; and septicemic plague infects the blood and can cause tissues to turn black and die. The bubonic and septicemic forms are generally spread by flea bites or handling an infected animal, whereas pneumonic plague is generally spread between people through the air via infectious droplets. Diagnosis is typically by finding the bacterium in fluid from a lymph node, blood or sputum. Those at high risk may be vaccinated. Those exposed to a case of pneumonic plague may be treated with preventive medication. If infected, treatment is with antibiotic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including war, natural disasters, crop failure, Demographic trap, population imbalance, widespread poverty, an Financial crisis, economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased death, mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. In the 19th and 20th century, generally characterized Southeast and South Asia, as well as Eastern and Central Europe, in terms of having suffered most number of deaths from famine. The numbers dying from famine began to fall sharply from the 2000s. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent of famine in the world. Definitions According to the United Nations World Food Programme, famine is declared when malnutrition is widespread, and when people have started dying of starvation through lack of access to suf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Berthe
Maurice Berthe, born on March 29, 1935, in Prades and died on November 21, 2015, in Toulouse, was a French medievalist. Background A pupil of , he studied and then his career at the University of Toulouse, where he taught from 1967 to 1998. There he founded the UMR Framespa, of which he was the first director. In line with his mentor, he was interested in the economic and social history of the end of the Middle Ages, and rural history however. His work has focused on demography, economy, land use and settlement in the South of France and northern Spain Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe occupying most (about 82 percent) of the Iberian Peninsula. It also includes a small exclave inside France called Llívia, as well as the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Isla .... He is the author of ''Le comté de Bigorre, un milieu rural au bas Moyen Age'' , as well as ''Famines et épidémies dans les campagnes navarraises à la fin du Moyen Âge''. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embajadores
Embajadores is an administrative neighborhood (''barrio'') of Madrid, belonging to the Centro District. Delimitation The area lies in the southern part of the Centro District, the later located in the centre of the city, as its name indicates. It is bordered by the streets of Atocha, Concepción Jerónima and Toledo, the Ronda de Toledo, the Ronda de Atocha and the glorieta de Carlos V. It comprises the areas of Lavapiés and El Rastro, roughly divided by the '' calle de Embajadores''. It is 1.032822 km² in size. History Originally, the soil on which the current neighborhood was built was a sparsely populated area to the south of the medieval city limits of Madrid. The area fully urbanised to become an ''arrabal'' of the city in the 16th century. The urban grid did not evolve much since then; as until the mid 19th century, when the plaza de Tirso de Molina was created over the plot made available by the demolition of the convent of La Merced, no noticeable change ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illescas, Toledo
Illescas is a town and municipality of Spain located in the province of Toledo, Castilla–La Mancha. The municipality spans across a total area of 56.75 km2 and, as of 1 January 2020, it has a registered population of 30,229, which makes it the third most populated municipality in the province. It belongs to the traditional ''comarca'' of La Sagra. Name The first name reported in the middle ages was that of ''Elesches''. Ensuing variations include ''Ilesches'', ''Ilescas'', ''Ailescas'', ''Hilesques'', ''Ylesches'' and ''Hylesques''. A tentative identification with ''Egelesta'', mentioned in classical sources such as Ptolemy, has been proposed. It may be thus related to the Iberian-Basque 'egi-' ("hill line", "hillside"), whereas other authors relate ''Illescas'' to the proto-indoeuropean 'il' ("city"). History Placed within the municipal limits to the southwest of the town, El Cerrón archaeological site was a Carpetani settlement. Illescas was acquired by Alfonso VII fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
