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Birds Of Brazil
Brazil has one of the richest bird diversities in the world. The avifauna of Brazil include a total of 1858 confirmed species of which 238 are endemic. Five have been introduced by humans, 96 are rare or vagrants, and five are extinct or extirpated. An additional 14 species are hypothetical (see below). Brazil hosts about 60% of the bird species recorded for all of South America. These numbers are still increasing almost every year, due to new occurrences, new species being described, or splits of existing species. About 10% of the bird species found in Brazil are, nonetheless, threatened. In June 2013 a simultaneous discovery of fifteen bird species in Brazil was announced, the first such since 1871, when August von Pelzeln described forty new species. The birds were from the families Corvidae, Thamnophilidae, Dendrocolaptidae, Tyrannidae, and Polioptilidae. Eleven of the new species are endemics of Brazil and four also inhabit Peru and Bolivia. Except as an entry is cited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rufous-bellied Thrush (Turdus Rufiventris)
The rufous-bellied thrush (''Turdus rufiventris'') is a songbird of the thrush (bird), thrush family (biology), family (Turdidae). It occurs in most of east and southeast Brazil from Maranhão south to Rio Grande do Sul states, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and central regions of Argentina. It is one of the most common birds across much of southeastern Brazil, and is known there under the name ''sabiá-laranjeira'' (). It was famously referred to in the well-known first strophe of the Brazilian nationalist poem Canção do exílio. The rufous-bellied thrush has been the state bird of São Paulo (state), São Paulo since 1966, and the national bird of Brazil since 2002. It is highly regarded in Brazil, where its song is often heard in the afternoons, but specially during the nights between August and November, where thousands of them sing until the sunrise, and is often seen as "the spirit of the Brazilian commoner". Description This species is named after its distinctive reddish-oran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rheiformes
Rheiformes is an order that contains the family Rheidae (rheas). It is in the infraclass Paleognathae, which contains all ratites. Extant members are found in South America. While the IOC World Bird List and the Clements Checklist categorise Rheiformes as its own order, the BirdLife Data Zone includes rheas, along with ostriches, tinamous, cassowaries, emu, and kiwis, in the order Struthioniformes. Of the two extant species of rheas recognized by the IUCN Red List, , ''Rhea americana'' is listed as near threatened, while ''Rhea pennata'' is listed as least concern. From 2014 to 2022, the IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu ... recognised '' Rhea tarapacensis'' as a separate species, and listed it as near threatened in its last assessment in 2020; in 2022, it was ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Tinamou
The great tinamou (''Tinamus major'') is a species of tinamou ground bird native to Central and South America. There are several subspecies, mostly differentiated by their coloration. Taxonomy The great tinamou was described and illustrated in 1648 by the German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in his '' Historia Naturalis Brasiliae''. Marcgrave used the name ''Macucagua''. The French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon described and illustrated the great tinamou in 1778 in his ''Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux'' from specimens collected in Cayenne, French Guiana. He simplified Marcgrave's name to ''Magoua''. When in 1788 the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin revised and expanded Carl Linnaeus's ''Systema Naturae'', he included the great tinamou and placed it with all the grouse like birds in the genus ''Tetrao''. He coined the binomial name ''Tetrao major'' and cited the earlier authors. The great tinamou is now placed with four other species in the genus ''Tinamus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solitary Tinamou
The solitary tinamou (''Tinamus solitarius'') is a species of paleognath ground bird. This species is native to Atlantic forest of eastern Brazil. Taxonomy All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites. Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003) Formerly, this bird was divided into two subspecies: ''T. s. pernambucensis'' in north-east Brazil (Pernambuco and Alagoas), and ''T. s. solitarius'' found in south-east Paraguay and extreme north-east Argentina. The former, however, turned out to be not distinct from the nominate but rather individual birds that showed a particular color morph which is now known to also occur elsewhere. Notably, the hue of the back varies between olive and rusty, and the intensity of the lower neck's plumage color also varies. The bla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gray Tinamou
The grey tinamou (''Tinamus tao'') is a type of ground bird native to South America. Four subspecies are recognised. Taxonomy All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003) The grey tinamou has several subspecies: * ''T. t. larensis'' with a range in the montane forests of central Colombia and northwestern Venezuela.Clements, J (2007) * ''T. t. kleei'' with a range of south-central Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and western Brazil. * ''T. t. septentrionalis'' with a range of northeastern Venezuela and possibly northwestern Guyana. * ''T. t. tao'' with a range of north central Brazil, far eastern Peru, and far northwestern Bolivia. Description The gray tinamou is believed to be the largest species among the tinamous. Reported total length is from and possibly as much as .Cabo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiwi (bird)
Kiwi ( ) are flightless birds endemic to New Zealand of the order Apterygiformes. The five extant species fall into the family Apterygidae () and genus ''Apteryx'' (). Approximately the size of a domestic chicken, kiwi are by far the smallest living ratites (which also include ostriches, emus, rheas and cassowaries). However, the ratite group is polyphyletic, and cladistically also includes tinamous, which can also be of moderate size. Members of this expanded group are known as paleognaths. DNA sequence comparisons have yielded the conclusion that kiwi are much more closely related to the extinct Malagasy elephant birds than to the moa with which they shared New Zealand. There are five recognised species, four of which are currently listed as vulnerable, and one of which is near-threatened. All species have been negatively affected by historic deforestation, but their remaining habitat is well-protected in large forest reserves and national parks. At present, the greates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhea (bird)
The rheas ( ), also known as ñandus ( ) or South American ostriches, are large ratites (flightless birds without a keel on their sternum bone) in the order Rheiformes, native to South America, distantly related to the ostrich and emu. Most taxonomic authorities recognize two extant species: the greater or American rhea (''Rhea americana''), and the lesser or Darwin's rhea (''Rhea pennata''). The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies the puna rhea as another species instead of a subspecies of the lesser rhea. The IUCN currently rates the greater and puna rheas as near-threatened in their native ranges, while Darwin's rhea is of least concern. In addition, a feral population of the greater rhea in Germany appears to be growing, though control efforts are underway, and seem to be succeeding in controlling the birds' population growth. Etymology The name "rhea" was used in 1752 by Paul Möhring and adopted as the English common name. Möhring named the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Struthioniformes
Struthioniformes is an order of birds with only a single extant family, Struthionidae, containing the ostriches. Several other extinct families are known, spanning across the Northern Hemisphere, from the Early Eocene to the early Pliocene, including a variety of flightless forms like the Paleotididae, Geranoididae, Eogruidae and Ergilornithidae, the latter two thought to be closely related to Struthionidae. Evolutionary history According to Mayr and Zelenkov (2021), all Struthioniformes are united by the following characters: "a very long and narrow tarsometatarsus with short trochleae for the second and fourth toes, a tubercle next to the pons supratendineus on the distal end of the tibiotarsus, as well as a shortening of all non-ungual phalanges of the fourth toe except for the proximal one" All known members of the group are thought to have been flightless. Struthioniformes were widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere during the Eocene, including Paleotididae from Eur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ratites
A ratite () is any of a diverse group of flightless, large, long-necked, and long-legged birds of the infraclass Palaeognathae. Kiwi, the exception, are much smaller and shorter-legged and are the only nocturnal extant ratites. The systematics of and relationships within the paleognath clade have been in flux. Previously, all the flightless members had been assigned to the order Struthioniformes, which is more recently regarded as containing only the ostrich. The modern bird superorder Palaeognathae consists of ratites and the flighted Neotropic tinamous (compare to Neognathae). Unlike other flightless birds, the ratites have no keel on their sternum — hence the name, from the Latin ''ratis'' (raft, a vessel which has no keel - in contradistinction to extant flighted birds with a keel). Without this to anchor their wing muscles, they could not have flown even if they developed suitable wings. Ratites are a paraphyletic group; tinamous fall within them, and are the sister group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhynchotus Rufescens
The red-winged tinamou (''Rhynchotus rufescens'') is a medium-sized ground-living bird from central and eastern South America.Clements, J (2007) Other common names for the species include ''perdiz grande'', ''rufous tinamou'', and '' ynambu''. Taxonomy All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites. Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003) Coenraad Jacob Temminck first identified the red-winged tinamou from a specimen from São Paulo state, Brazil, in 1815. Subspecies The red-winged tinamou has three subspecies: * ''R. r. rufescens'', the nominate race, occurs in southeastern Peru, Bolivia, eastern Paraguay southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina, and possibly Uruguay * ''R. r. catingae'' occurs in central and northeastern Brazil * ''R. r. pallescens' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crypturellus Soui
The little tinamou (''Crypturellus soui'') is a species of tinamou. It is found in Central and South America, as well as on the Caribbean island of Trinidad. Etymology ''Crypturellus'' is formed from three Latin or Greek words. ''kruptos'' meaning covered or hidden, ''oura'' meaning tail, and ''ellus'' meaning diminutive. Therefore, ''Crypturellus'' means small hidden tail. Taxonomy The little tinamou is one of 21 species in the genus ''Crypturellus'', the most species-rich genus of tinamous. All tinamous are in the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also palaeognaths, a group that includes the more widely known flightless ratites such as ostriches and emus. Unlike the ratites, though, tinamous can fly, although in general they are not strong fliers. All palaeognaths evolved from flying ancestors.Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003) Subspecies * ''C. s. meserythrus'' occurs in southern Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, and northern and eastern Nicaragua.Cle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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