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Binanderean Languages
The Greater Binanderean or Guhu-Oro languages are a language family spoken along the northeast coast of the Papuan Peninsula – the "Bird's Tail" of New Guinea – and appear to be a recent expansion from the north. They were classified as a branch of the Trans–New Guinea languages by Stephen Wurm (1975) and Malcolm Ross (2005), but removed (along with the related Goilalan languages) by Timothy Usher (2020). The Binandere family proper is transparently valid; Ross connected it to the Guhu-Semane isolate based on pronominal evidence, and this has been confirmed by Smallhorn (2011). Proto-Binanderean (which excludes Guhu-Samane) has been reconstructed in Smallhorn (2011). Language contact There is evidence that settlements of people speaking Oceanic languages along the Binanderean coast were gradually absorbed into inland communities speaking Binanderean languages (Bradshaw 2017). For instance, the SOV word order of Papuan Tip languages is due to Binanderean influence.Bradshaw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oro Province
Oro Province, formerly (and officially still) Northern Province, is a coastal province of Papua New Guinea. The provincial capital is Popondetta. The province covers 22,800 km2, and has 176,206 inhabitants (2011 census). The province shares land borders with Morobe Province to the northwest, Central Province to the west and south, and Milne Bay Province to the southeast. The province is located within the Papuan Peninsula. Oro is the only province in which the Anglican Church is the major religious denomination. Oil palm is the principal primary industry. William Clarke College also funds people in that area.William Clarke College Kellyville, NSW, Australia The northern end of the terminates at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed Languages
A mixed language is a language that arises among a bilingual group combining aspects of two or more languages but not clearly deriving primarily from any single language. It differs from a creole or pidgin language in that, whereas creoles/pidgins arise where speakers of many languages acquire a common language, a mixed language typically arises in a population that is fluent in both of the source languages. Because all languages show some degree of mixing by virtue of containing loanwords, it is a matter of controversy whether the concept of a mixed language can meaningfully be distinguished from the type of contact and borrowing seen in all languages.Arends et al. 1994 Scholars debate to what extent language mixture can be distinguished from other mechanisms such as code-switching, substrata, or lexical borrowing. Definitions Other terms used in linguistics for the concept of a mixed language include ''hybrid language'', ''contact language'', and ''fusion language''; in older ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notu Language
Ewage, also known as Notu, is a Papuan language spoken in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i .... Preference for the name depends on the region. Its two dialects are Sose/Sohe (Western Plains Orokaiva) and Ifane/Ihane (Eastern Plains Orokaiva) (Smallhorn 2011:47). References *Smallhorn, Jacinta Mary. 2011. ''The Binanderean languages of Papua New Guinea: reconstruction and subgrouping''. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Languages of Oro Province Greater Binanderean languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mawae Language
Zia is a Papuan language spoken in the Lower Waria Valley in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i .... It is part of the Binandere subgroup of the Trans–New Guinea phylum of languages (Ross, 2005). Orthography References External links * * Zia Swadesh List Languages of Morobe Province Greater Binanderean languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linkage (linguistics)
In historical linguistics, a linkage is a network of related dialects or languages that formed from a gradual diffusion and differentiation of a proto-language. The term was introduced by Malcolm Ross in his study of Western Oceanic languages . It is contrasted with a family, which arises when the proto-language speech community separates into groups that remain isolated from each other and do not form a network. Principle Linkages are formed when languages emerged historically from the diversification of an earlier dialect continuum. Its members may have diverged despite sharing subsequent innovations, or such dialects may have come into contact and so converged. In any dialect continuum, innovations are shared between neighbouring dialects in intersecting patterns. The patterns of intersecting innovations continue to be evident as the dialect continuum turns into a linkage. According to the comparative method, a group of languages that exclusively shares a set of innovations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baruga Language
Baruga, also known ambiguously as Bareji, is a Papuan language spoken in Oro Province, in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i .... The four rather divergent dialects are Tafota, Daghoro, Bareji, Mado. They are part of the Binanderean family of the Trans–New Guinea phylum of languages. References Languages of Oro Province Greater Binanderean languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ewage Language
Ewage, also known as Notu, is a Papuan language spoken in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i .... Preference for the name depends on the region. Its two dialects are Sose/Sohe (Western Plains Orokaiva) and Ifane/Ihane (Eastern Plains Orokaiva) (Smallhorn 2011:47). References *Smallhorn, Jacinta Mary. 2011. ''The Binanderean languages of Papua New Guinea: reconstruction and subgrouping''. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Languages of Oro Province Greater Binanderean languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunjara Language
Orokaiva is a Papuan language spoken in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea. Varieties Orokaiva is spoken in 200 villages around Popondetta in Oro Province. Hunjara is spoken in Kokoda Rural LLG of Oro Province. Aeka is spoken in Tamata Rural LLG of Oro Province Oro Province, formerly (and officially still) Northern Province, is a coastal province of Papua New Guinea. The provincial capital is Popondetta. The province covers 22,800 km2, and has 176,206 inhabitants (2011 census). The province shares la .... References External linksHumotepain-Ari te Giu, Prayers and Offices in Orokaiva (1953)Digitized by Richard Mammana * Languages of Oro Province Greater Binanderean languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orokaiva Language
Orokaiva is a Papuan language spoken in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea. Varieties Orokaiva is spoken in 200 villages around Popondetta in Oro Province. Hunjara is spoken in Kokoda Rural LLG of Oro Province. Aeka is spoken in Tamata Rural LLG of Oro Province Oro Province, formerly (and officially still) Northern Province, is a coastal province of Papua New Guinea. The provincial capital is Popondetta. The province covers 22,800 km2, and has 176,206 inhabitants (2011 census). The province shares la .... References External linksHumotepain-Ari te Giu, Prayers and Offices in Orokaiva (1953)Digitized by Richard Mammana * Languages of Oro Province Greater Binanderean languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aeka Language
Orokaiva is a Papuan language spoken in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea. Varieties Orokaiva is spoken in 200 villages around Popondetta in Oro Province. Hunjara is spoken in Kokoda Rural LLG of Oro Province. Aeka is spoken in Tamata Rural LLG of Oro Province Oro Province, formerly (and officially still) Northern Province, is a coastal province of Papua New Guinea. The provincial capital is Popondetta. The province covers 22,800 km2, and has 176,206 inhabitants (2011 census). The province shares la .... References External linksHumotepain-Ari te Giu, Prayers and Offices in Orokaiva (1953)Digitized by Richard Mammana * Languages of Oro Province Greater Binanderean languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binandere Language
Binandere is a Papuan language spoken in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea. Phonology Binandere has 11 consonants: voiced and voiceless bilabials, alveolars, and velars; voiced labial and alveolar nasals; the flap /ɾ/; the voiced bilabial fricative /β/ and the palatal approximant /j/. Binandere also has the 5 common vowels /ɑ e i o u / and their five nasal counterparts. These vowels can be combined to form up to 11 possible diphthongs: * Oral: /iu/ /ei/ /eo/ /eu/ /ɑi/ /ɑe/ /ɑo/ /ɑu/ /oi/ /oe/ /ou/ * Nasal: /ẽĩ/ /ɑ̃ĩ/ /ɑ̃õ/ /õũ/ Evolution Below are some reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea proposed by Pawley (2012): References External linksDoregari KotopuAnglican Holy Communion in Binandere, digitized by Richard Mammana and Charles WohlersBenunu tepo ae sakrament da kandoari ae ekalesia da jimbo nenei ainda book England da ekalesia da jimbo ango(1959) Book of Common Prayer The ''Book of Common Prayer'' (BCP) is the name given to a number of rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zia Language
Zia is a Papuan language spoken in the Lower Waria Valley in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i .... It is part of the Binandere subgroup of the Trans–New Guinea phylum of languages (Ross, 2005). Orthography References External links * * Zia Swadesh List Languages of Morobe Province Greater Binanderean languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |