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Bijî Serok Apo
Bijî Serok Apo is a slogan used by sympathizers with Abdullah Öcalan, the leader of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and can be translated into ''Long live leader Apo'' (Apo as abbreviation for Abdullah). Apo can be translated also into uncle. The slogan can lead to prosecution in Turkey and Germany. History Its origin can be traced back to a concert at the University of Cologne, Germany from 11 May 1984 when Koma Berxwedan gave a concert in support of the PKK. The party organ Serxwebûn reported how at the end of the concert the crowd shouted Bijî Serok Apo. Since it has become a common slogan for Kurdish political activists. It has been present during the press conference in Batman, where politicians of the Democratic Society Party (DTP) read out a press statement on the 10th anniversary of the capture of Abdullah Öcalan. In 2014 it was shouted during a march against the terror designation of the PKK in Cologne, Germany. The phrase is also used by fighters of the Peo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdullah Öcalan
Abdullah Öcalan ( ; ; born 4 April 1949), also known as Apo (short for Abdullah in Turkish and Kurdish for "uncle"), is a political prisoner and founding member of the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Öcalan was based in Syria from 1979 to 1998. He helped found the PKK in 1978, and led it into the Kurdish–Turkish conflict in 1984. For most of his leadership, he was based in Syria, which provided sanctuary to the PKK until the late 1990s. After being forced to leave Syria, Öcalan was abducted in Nairobi in 1999 by the Turkish National Intelligence Agency (MIT) (with assistance of the USA) and taken to Turkey, where after a trial he was sentenced to death under Article 125 of the Turkish Penal Code, which concerns the formation of armed organizations. The sentence was commuted to aggravated life imprisonment when Turkey abolished the death penalty. From 1999 until 2009, he was the sole prisoner in İmralı prison in the Sea of Marmara, where he is still held. Ö ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newroz As Celebrated By Kurds
Newroz or Nawroz ( ku, نەورۆز, Newroz) is the Kurdish celebration of Nowruz; the arrival of spring and new year in Kurdish culture Kurdish culture is a group of distinctive cultural traits practiced by Kurdish people. The Kurdish culture is a legacy from ancient peoples who shaped modern Kurds and their society. Kurds are an ethnic group mainly in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. Th .... The lighting of the fires at the beginning of the evening of March 21 is the main symbol of Newroz among the Kurds. In Zoroastrianism, fire is a symbol of light, goodness and purification. Angra Mainyu, the demonic anti-thesis of Ahura Mazda, was defied by Zoroastrians with a big fire every year, which symbolized their defiance of and hatred for evil and the arch-demon. In Kurdish legend, the holiday celebrates the deliverance of the Kurds from a tyrant, and it is seen as another way of demonstrating support for the Kurdish cause. The celebration coincides with the March equinox which usually fal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frankfurter Rundschau
The ''Frankfurter Rundschau'' (FR) is a German daily newspaper, based in Frankfurt am Main. It is published every day but Sunday as a city, two regional and one nationwide issues and offers an online edition (see link below) as well as an e-paper. Local major competitors are the conservative-liberal ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' (FAZ), the local edition of the conservative tabloid '' Bild'', the best-selling newspaper in Europe, and the smaller local conservative ''Frankfurter Neue Presse''. The ''Rundschau's'' layout is modern and its editorial stance is social liberal. It holds that "independence, social justice and fairness" underlie its journalism. Frankfurter Rundschau Druck and Verlagshaus GmbH filed for bankruptcy on 12 November 2012. Then the paper was acquired by ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'' and Frankfurter Societät (publisher of the ''Frankfurter Neue Presse'') in 2013, by taking over just 28 full-time journalists. The FR editorial board continued to be b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trials Of Selahattin Demirtaş
Selahattin Demirtaş is a politician of the Peoples Democratic Party (HDP) and faced several trials since he was arrested in November 2016. He was accused of having established and lead a terrorist organization, propagandizing for a terrorist organization, or being a leading member of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). He was sentenced several times since, but two of them were overturned and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ruled for his release. He faces trials for over a hundred charges and is threatened with a 142 years imprisonment. Trials in Turkey Newroz speech trial At the Newroz celebration of 2013 during the peace process between the PKK and Turkey, Selahattin Demirtaş and HDP MP Sırrı Süreyya Önder both held a speech. While Demirtaş was absent in the hearing of April 2018, Önder defended himself that the police has mistranslated his speech. For their speeches Demirtaş was sentenced to 4 years and 8 months for having praised the Abdullah Öcalan, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selahattin Demirtaş
Selahattin Demirtaş (born 10 April 1973) is a politician, author, and former member of the parliament of Turkey. He was the co-leader of the left-wing pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), serving alongside Figen Yüksekdağ from 2014 to 2018. Demirtaş was the presidential candidate of the HDP in the 2014 presidential election, coming in third place. He led the HDP to gather 13.1% at the June 2015 parliament elections and 10.7% in the snap elections in November 2015, coming 4th in each election. He has been imprisoned since 4 November 2016 and despite his imprisonment the HDP fielded Demirtaş as its candidate for the 2018 presidential election, running his campaign from prison. In a judgement given in December 2020, the European Court of Human Rights judged that, given "the timing of emirtaşcontinued detention (coinciding with an important constitutional referendum and the presidential election)" and Turkey's "systemic trend of “gagging” dissenting voices", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)
The Peoples' Democratic Party ( Turkish: ''Halkların Demokratik Partisi'', acronymized as HDP; Kurdish: ''Partiya Demokratîk a Gelan''), or Democratic Party of the Peoples, is a pro- minority political party in Turkey. Generally left-wing, the party places a strong emphasis on participatory and radical democracy, feminism, LGBT rights, minority rights, youth rights and egalitarianism. It is an associate member of the Party of European Socialists (PES) a consultative member of the Socialist International and a party within the Progressive Alliance (PA). Aspiring to fundamentally challenge the existing Turkish–Kurdish divide and other existing parameters in Turkish politics, the HDP was founded in 2012 as the political wing of the Peoples' Democratic Congress, a union of numerous left-wing movements that had previously fielded candidates as independents to bypass the 10% election threshold. The HDP is in an alliance with the Kurdish Democratic Regions Party (DBP), often descri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The right to freedom of expression has been recognised as a human right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights law by the United Nations. Many countries have constitutional law that protects free speech. Terms like ''free speech'', ''freedom of speech,'' and ''freedom of expression'' are used interchangeably in political discourse. However, in a legal sense, the freedom of expression includes any activity of seeking, receiving, and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. Article 19 of the UDHR states that "everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Article 10 Of The European Convention On Human Rights
Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights provides the right to Freedom of Expression and Information. A fundamental aspect of this right is the freedom to hold opinions and receive and impart information and ideas, even if the receiver of such information does not share the same opinions or views as the provider. Official Article Definition Limitations to the Freedom of Expression Freedom of Expression is not an absolute right, meaning it is able to be interfered with by states and other public authority bodies. However, each state is allowed a Margin of Appreciation. An acceptance of varying historical, legal, political, and cultural differences, which may lead the application of such freedom to be slightly varied in its nature despite the widespread adoption of the article. Such differences in the application have been allowed as long as the Freedom of Expression is as found in The Observer and The Guardian v United Kingdom (1991)."Narrowly interpreted and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Court Of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights. The court hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one or more of the human rights enumerated in the Convention or its optional protocols to which a member state is a party. The European Convention on Human Rights is also referred to by the initials "ECHR". The court is based in Strasbourg, France. An application can be lodged by an individual, a group of individuals, or one or more of the other contracting states. Aside from judgments, the court can also issue advisory opinions. The convention was adopted within the context of the Council of Europe, and all of its 46 member states are contracting parties to the convention. Russia, having been expelled from the Council of Europe as of 16 March 2022, ceased to be a party to the convention with effect from 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazete Duvar
Duvar is an online news portal launched on the 8 August 2016 and focuses mainly on Turkish politics. Duvar's headquarters are located in Sariyer Istanbul, and it was founded by Vedat Zencir. its current editor-in-chief is Ali Duran Topuz and it is described to be reporting critical on the Turkish Government. Several Academics for Peace who were dismissed from their work figure among its authors. Other journalists recruited were formerly employed by other Turkish media but dismissed due to their articles which criticized the Turkish government. Gazete Duvar was ordered several times to remove articles from the internet. In the past, Turkish judges have issued rulings which blocked the access to certain articles it has published. In October 2019, Duvar also launched a version in English, and its editor-in-chief is Cansu Çamlıbel, a former Washington D.C. correspondent for the Hürryet newspaper. Its goal was to inform the English speaking readers about the events in Turkey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Society Party Closure Case
The closure case of the Democratic Society Party (DTP) between 2007 and 2009 was against a pro-Kurdish political party in Turkey which was accused of opposing the unity of the country and having links to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The case was opened in September 2007 and resulted in the closure of the party in December 2009. The DTP was the 25th political party which was banned in the Turkey, Turkish Republic since 1962. Background The Republic of Turkey has a history of closing a number of pro-Kurdish parties. The Democracy Party (Turkey), Democracy Party (DEP), the People's Labor Party (HEP) and also the People's Democracy Party (HADEP) have been closed before. At the same time of the DTP closure case, also the Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Justice and Development Party (AKP) of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip Erdogan was facing a 2008 Justice and Development Party closure trial, closure trial. Requirements For the closure of a party the Constitutiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Lira
The lira ( tr, Türk lirası; sign: ₺; ISO 4217 code: TRY; abbreviation: TL) is the official currency of Turkey and Northern Cyprus. One lira is divided into one hundred ''kuruş''. History Ottoman lira (1844–1923) The lira, along with the related currencies of Europe and the Middle East, has its roots in the ancient Roman unit of weight known as the libra which referred to the Troy pound of silver. The Roman libra adoption of the currency spread it throughout Europe and the Near East, where it continued to be used into medieval times. The Turkish lira, the French livre (until 1794), the Italian lira (until 2002), Syrian pound, Lebanese pound and the pound unit of account in sterling (a translation of the Latin ''libra''; the word "pound" as a unit of weight is still abbreviated as "lb.") are the modern descendants of the ancient currency. The lira was introduced as the main unit of account in 1844, with the former currency, kuruş, remaining as a subdivision. The Ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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