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Bielsko Biała
Bielsko (german: Bielitz, cs, Bílsko) was until 1950 an independent town situated in Cieszyn Silesia, Poland. In 1951 it was joined with Biała Krakowska to form the new town of Bielsko-Biała. Bielsko constitutes the western part of that town. Bielsko was founded by the Cieszyn Piast dukes in the late 13th century on the grounds of village later called Stare Bielsko (''Old Bielsko''), on the Biała River. It was first mentioned in a written document in 1312. Originally settled by Germans, it became the largest German-language center (''Deutsche Sprachinsel Bielitz'') in the Duchy of Teschen, and remained so until the end of World War II. In 1572 it gained autonomy as the Duchy (State) of Bielsko. During the 18th century a rapid development of textile industry occurred, and at the beginning of the 19th century more than 500 weavers worked in the town. After the 1920 division of Cieszyn Silesia between Poland and Czechoslovakia it became, despite the protests of local German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sułkowski Castle, Bielsko-Biała 3
Sułkowski (feminine: Sułkowska) is a Polish-language surname associated with the Polish noble Sułkowski family. Russified version: Sulkovsky. Notable people with this surname include: * Alexander Joseph Sulkowski (1695–1762), a Saxon-Polish general * (1735–1796), Polish Chancellor of the Crown * Antoni Paweł Sułkowski (1785–1836), Polish division general * David Sulkovsky (born 1978), German professional ice hockey player *Joseph Sulkowski, (c.1770–1798), Polish captain, aide de camp to Bonaparte *Łukasz Sułkowski Łukasz Sułkowski (born 18 September 1972) is a Polish professor of economic sciences, specializing in management sciences. Currently employed in the Institute of Public Affairs of the Jagiellonian University, vice-president for international ... (born 1972), Polish professor of economic sciences {{surname, Sulkowski Polish-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yiddish Language
Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic. Most varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic languages and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages.Aram Yardumian"A Tale of Two Hypotheses: Genetics and the Ethnogenesis of Ashkenazi Jewry".University of Pennsylvania. 2013. Yiddish is primarily written in the Hebrew alphabet. Prior to World War II, its worldwide peak was 11 million, with the number of speakers in the United States and Canada then totaling 150,000. Eighty-five percent of the approximately six million Jews who were murdered in the Holocaust were Yiddish speakers,Solomon Birnbaum, ''Grammatik der jiddischen Sprache'' (4., erg. Aufl., Hambu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jews In Bielsko-Biała
Jews in Bielsko-Biała (german: Juden in Bielitz-Biala, he, הקהילה היהודית בילסקו ביאלה), is a Jewish society with its headquarters in Bielsko-Biała, Poland. Nowadays, the area of its activity covers Cieszyn Silesia and western Lesser Poland, including the city of Oświęcim (german: Auschwitz). Geographical and political location The city of Bielsko (german: Bielitz) and the city of Biała (german: Biala) are two separate cities located next to each other. Both towns are separated only with the Biala river, which used to be the border between the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Polish Kingdom (1327-1526), between the Habsburg monarchy and the Polish Kingdom (1526-1772), between Austrian Silesia and Galicia under Austrian Empire (1772-1918) and between Silesian Voivodeship and Kraków Voivodeship under the Second Polish Republic (1918-1939). The border between the countries and regions also became the conventional line separating the influe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bielsko Synagogue
Bielsko Synagogue was a synagogue in Bielsko, Poland. It was built in 1879–1881, designed by Karol Korn. The synagogue was completely destroyed by Nazis Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ... on 13 September 1939. * Buildings and structures in Bielsko-Biała Cieszyn Silesia Former synagogues in Poland 19th-century synagogues Modern Orthodox Judaism in Europe Moorish Revival synagogues Romanesque Revival synagogues Holocaust locations in Poland Synagogues in Poland destroyed by Nazi Germany Modern Orthodox synagogues Orthodox synagogues in Poland {{Poland-synagogue-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Gyula Geyer
Gustav Július Geyer (1828–1900) was a Hungarian educator and entomologist. References 1828 births 1900 deaths Hungarian educators Hungarian entomologists People from Bielsko-Biała {{Hungary-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopher Tugendhat, Baron Tugendhat
Christopher Samuel Tugendhat, Baron Tugendhat (born 23 February 1937) is a British Conservative Party politician, businessman, company director, journalist and author. He was a Member of Parliament from 1970 to 1977, then a member of the European Commission, and in 1993 was appointed as a life peer, with a seat in the House of Lords, in which he remains active. Family background Tugendhat was born in Marylebone, England. His father, Dr Georg Tugendhat (1898–1973), was born in Vienna, and came to Britain after the First World War to pursue a doctorate at the London School of Economics. He settled in Britain and married British-born Marie Littledale in 1934. Georg Tugendhat traced his paternal origins to the town of Bielitz in Silesia, which until 1918 was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire but became part of Poland in 1920. His father was from a Jewish family, and converted to Catholicism. Career Tugendhat was educated at King's College School, Cambridge, Ampleforth Colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerda Weissmann Klein
Gerda Weissmann Klein (May 8, 1924 – April 3, 2022) was a Polish-born American writer and human rights activist. Her autobiographical account of the Holocaust, ''All but My Life'' (1957), was adapted for the 1995 short film, ''One Survivor Remembers'', which received an Academy Award and an Emmy Award, and was selected for the National Film Registry. She married Kurt Klein (1920–2002) in 1946. The Kleins became advocates of Holocaust education and human rights, dedicating most of their lives to promoting tolerance and community service. A naturalized U.S. citizen, Gerda Weissmann Klein also founded Citizenship Counts, a nonprofit organization that champions the value and responsibilities of American citizenship. She has served on the governing board of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, which features her testimony in a permanent exhibit. On February 15, 2011, Klein was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Frister
Roman Frister (17 January 1928 – 9 February 2015) wrote '' The Cap: The Price of a Life'', an autobiographical account of his life living in Nazi occupied Poland and then Poland under the communists. Frister spent time in: *the Cracow detention centre, where Frister witnessed his mother's murder when she was struck with a pistol on the head by SS-Hauptsturmführer Wilhelm Kunde; * Starachowice forced labor camp, where he witnessed his father die of typhoid fever; *Mauthausen; * Auschwitz; *a death march to Mauthausen again, after which he was released. ''The Cap'' provides a frank account of his survival and includes much of his post-war life covering aspects of his career as an award-winning Israeli journalist after his emigration in 1957. In 1967 Frister gave evidence at Wilhelm Kunde's trial held in Kiel, Germany. Kunde was sentenced to seven years. After immigrating to Israel, Frister became a prominent columnist and editor in the Israeli daily newspaper '' Haaretz' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitty Hart-Moxon
Kitty Hart-Moxon, OBE (born 1 December 1926) is a Polish-British Holocaust survivor. She was sent to the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp in 1943 at age 16, where she survived for two years, and was also imprisoned at other camps. Shortly after her liberation in January 1945 by Red Army soldiers, she moved to England with her mother, where she married and dedicated her life to raising awareness of the Holocaust. She has written two autobiographies entitled ''I am Alive'' (1961) and ''Return to Auschwitz'' (1981). Early life Hart-Moxon was born Kitty Felix, on 1 December 1926, in the southern Polish town of Bielsko (known as Bielitz in German), which bordered both Germany and Czechoslovakia. She was the second child of Karol Felix and his wife Lola Rosa Felix, who had a son five years Kitty's senior, named Robert. Karol Felix (born c. 1888) had studied law in Vienna, and had also been a captain in the Austrian army in the First World War. Upon his father's death, he took over his a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocaust Survivors
Holocaust survivors are people who survived the Holocaust, defined as the persecution and attempted annihilation of the Jews by Nazi Germany and Axis powers, its allies before and during World War II in Europe and North Africa. There is no universally accepted definition of the term, and it has been applied variously to Jews who survived the war in German-occupied Europe or other Axis territories, as well as to those who fled to Allies (World War II), Allied and Neutral powers during World War II, neutral countries before or during the war. In some cases, non-Jews who also experienced collective persecution under the Nazi regime are also considered Holocaust survivors. The definition has evolved over time. Survivors of the Holocaust include those persecuted civilians who were still alive in the Nazi concentration camps, concentration camps when they were liberated at the end of the war, or those who had either Jewish partisans, survived as partisans or been hidden with the Righte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference (german: Potsdamer Konferenz) was held at Potsdam in the Soviet occupation zone from July 17 to August 2, 1945, to allow the three leading Allies to plan the postwar peace, while avoiding the mistakes of the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. The participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. They were represented respectively by General Secretary Joseph Stalin, Prime Ministers Winston Churchill and Clement Attlee, and President Harry S. Truman. They gathered to decide how to administer Germany, which had agreed to an unconditional surrender nine weeks earlier. The goals of the conference also included establishing the postwar order, solving issues on the peace treaty, and countering the effects of the war. The foreign ministers and aides played key roles: Vyacheslav Molotov, Anthony Eden and Ernest Bevin, and James F. Byrnes. From July 17 to July 25, nine meetings were held, when the Conference was interrupted for two d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad (Russian SFSR), Kiev (Ukrainian SSR), Minsk ( Byelorussian SSR), Tashkent (Uzbek SSR), Alma-Ata (Kazakh SSR), and Novosibirsk (Russian SFSR). It was the largest country in the world, covering over and spanning eleven time zones. The country's roots lay in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Russian Provisional Government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
