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Bicentennial Park (Mexico City)
Bicentennial Park ( es, Parque Bicentenario) is a park in Mexico City. It is located in the western part of the city, on the boundary of Azcapotzalco and Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Miguel Hidalgo. It was built as part of the Celebration of Mexican political anniversaries in 2010, Celebration of the Bicentennial of the Independence of Mexico and inaugurated by then President of Mexico, President Felipe Calderón on November 7, 2010. This park is ten times larger than the Zócalo, Plaza de la Constitución in downtown Mexico City and the second largest "lung" in the city. Admission to the park is free and hours are from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. Construction The development proposal for this green area started in 1991 when the Azcapotzalco Refinery of Pemex, Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) was closed due to serious pollution problems that it created in its immediate vicinity and for the entire Greater Mexico City, Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico. After more than ten year ...
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Urban Park
An urban park or metropolitan park, also known as a municipal park (North America) or a public park, public open space, or municipal gardens ( UK), is a park in cities and other incorporated places that offer recreation and green space to residents of, and visitors to, the municipality. The design, operation, and maintenance is usually done by government agencies, typically on the local level, but may occasionally be contracted out to a park conservancy, "friends of" group, or private sector company. Common features of municipal parks include playgrounds, gardens, hiking, running and fitness trails or paths, bridle paths, sports fields and courts, public restrooms, boat ramps, and/or picnic facilities, depending on the budget and natural features available. Park advocates claim that having parks near urban residents, including within a 10-minute walk, provide multiple benefits. History A park is an area of open space provided for recreational use, usually owned and maintain ...
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Mario Schjetnan
Mario Schjetnan is a Mexican architect and landscape architect that manages to "unite social concerns, aesthetics and, increasingly, ecology- all by way of interpreting and celebrating Mexico's rich and diverse culture."Thompson, William. "Landscape as Myth and Culture." ''Landscape Architecture'', January 1994, 72-75. He is co-founder of the interdisciplinary firm Grupo de Diseño Urbano in Mexico City known for designs in which the building is subordinate to the landscape.McDonald, Sally. "Interview- Mario Schjetnan: With Mexico in Mind." ''Landscape Design'', September 2002, 12-14. Among his numerous awards are the Prince of Wales/Green Prize in Urban Design for Xochimilco Ecological Park and the ASLA President's Award for Excellence for Parque El Cedazo.Beardsley, John. ''Ten Landscapes Mario Schjetnan''. Edited by James Grayson Trulove. Gloucester, Massachusetts: Rockport Publishers, Inc., 2002. Background Schjetnan was born in 1945 in Mexico City, a climate that g ...
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Mexico City Metro
The Mexico City Metro ( es, Metro de la Ciudad de México) is a rapid transit system that serves the metropolitan area of Mexico City, including some municipalities in Mexico State. Operated by the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC), it is the second largest metro system in North America after the New York City Subway. In 2019, the system served 1.655 billion passengers, the tenth highest ridership in the world. The inaugural STC Metro line was long, serving 16 stations, and opened to the public on 4 September 1969. The system has expanded since then in a series of fits and starts. , the system has 12 lines, serving 195 stations, and of route. Ten of the lines are rubber-tired. Instead of traditional steel wheels, they use pneumatic traction, which is quieter and rides smoother in Mexico City's unstable soils. The system survived the 1985 Mexico City earthquake. Of the STC Metro's 195 stations, 44 serve two or more lines (''correspondencias'' or transfer ...
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Mexico City Metro Line 7
Mexico City Metro Line 7 is one of the twelve metro lines operating in Mexico City, Mexico. Opened in 1984, it was the seventh line to be built. Its distinctive color is orange. With a length of and 14 stations, Line 7 runs through western Mexico City from north to south. Chronology The first stretch of Line 7 was opened in 1984. It has been expanded three more times, the last being in 1988. *December 20, 1984: from Tacuba to Auditorio *August 22, 1985: from Auditorio to Tacubaya *December 19, 1985: from Tacubaya to Barranca del Muerto *November 29, 1988: from Tacuba to El Rosario Rolling stock Line 7 has had different types of rolling stock throughout the years. *Alstom MP-68: 1984–1999 * Concarril NM-73: 1984–present * Concarril NM-79: 1984–present *Alstom MP-82: 1985–1994 * Concarril NM-83: 1990–present * CAF NM-02: 2009–present Currently, out of the 390 trains in the Mexico City Metro network, 33 are in service in Line 7. Station list The stat ...
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Refinería Metro Station
Refinería () is a station along Line 7 of the metro of Mexico City. The station is located close to the Pemex 18 de marzo refinery in the ''Colonia Ángel Zimbrón'' neighborhood of the Azcapotzalco borough northwest of the city center, between the stations of Camarones and Tacuba. Its logo represents three containers of the Pemex refinery. The station opened on 29 November 1988 as a part of the five-station northern stretch of Line 7 between Tacuba and El Rosario. From 23 April to 17 June 2020, the station was temporarily closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico The COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The virus was confirmed to have reached Mexico in February 2020. Howe .... Ridership References Mexico City Metro Line 7 stations Pemex Railway stations opened in 1988 1988 establishments in Mexico Mexico City Metro st ...
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Parque Bicentenario
Parque is the Galician, Portuguese and Spanish word for "park", and may refer to: * Parque (TransMilenio), a metro station in Bogotá, Colombia * Parque (Lisbon Metro), in Portugal * Parque (Santurce), a subbarrio in San Juan, Puerto Rico * Jim Parque, a baseball player See also * Parquetry, a type of flooring * Park (other) A park is an area of land with a recreational or other specific purpose. Park or Parks may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * Park (Reading ward), an electoral ward of the Borough of Reading, Berkshire, England * Park (Sefton ward), an el ...
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Axolotl
The axolotl (; from nci, āxōlōtl ), ''Ambystoma mexicanum'', is a paedomorphic salamander closely related to the tiger salamander. Axolotls are unusual among amphibians in that they reach adulthood without undergoing metamorphosis. Instead of taking to the land, adults remain aquatic and gilled. The species was originally found in several lakes underlying what is now Mexico City, such as Lake Xochimilco and Lake Chalco. These lakes were drained by Spanish settlers after the conquest of the Aztec Empire, leading to the destruction of much of the axolotl’s natural habitat. Axolotls should not be confused with the larval stage of the closely related tiger salamander (''A. tigrinum''), which are widespread in much of North America and occasionally become paedomorphic. Neither should they be confused with mudpuppies (''Necturus'' spp.), fully aquatic salamanders from a different family that are not closely related to the axolotl but bear a superficial resemblance. , wild ax ...
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Secretariat Of Environment And Natural Resources
The Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources (in Spanish: ''Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, SEMARNAT'') is Mexico's environment ministry. Its head, the Secretary of the Environment and Natural Resources, is a member of the federal executive cabinet and is appointed by the President of Mexico. In September 2020, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador appointed María Luisa Albores González as Secretary of the Environment and Natural Resources, the third person to occupy the post since López Obrador became President less than two years earlier in December 2018. The Secretariat is charged with the mission of protecting, restoring, and conserving the ecosystems, natural resources, assets and environmental services of Mexico with the goal of fostering sustainable development. Functions The Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources of México is the Secretary of State to which, according to Law of Federal Public Administration in its Article 3 ...
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Enrique Peña Nieto
Enrique Peña Nieto (; born 20 July 1966), commonly referred to by his initials EPN, is a Mexican politician who served as the 64th president of Mexico from 1 December 2012 to 30 November 2018. A member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), he previously served as Governor of the State of Mexico from 2005 to 2011, local deputy from 2003 to 2004, and Secretary of Administration from 2000 to 2002. Born in Atlacomulco and raised in Toluca, Peña Nieto attended Panamerican University, graduating with a B.A. in legal studies. After attaining a MBA from ITESM, he began his political career by joining the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1984. After serving as a public notary in Mexico City, he began an ascent through local political ranks in the late 1990s, culminating in his 2005 campaign for Governor of the State of Mexico. As governor, he pledged to deliver 608 ''compromisos'' (commitments) to his constituency to varying levels of success. His tenure was mar ...
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Chinampa
Chinampa ( nah, chināmitl ) is a technique used in Mesoamerican agriculture which relies on small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico. They are built up on wetlands of a lake or freshwater swamp for agricultural purposes, and their proportions ensure optimal moisture retention. The United Nations designated it a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System in 2018. The Aztecs created the very first Chinampa. Although different technologies existed during the Post-classic and Colonial periods in the basin, chinampas have raised many questions on agricultural production and political development. After the Aztec Triple Alliance formed, the conquest of southern basin city-states, such as Xochimilco, was one of the first strategies of imperial expansion. Before this time, farmers maintained small-scale chinampas adjacent to their households and communities in the freshwater lakes of Xochimilco and Chalco. Chinam ...
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Xochimilco Ecological Park And Plant Market
Xochimilco Ecological Park and Plant Market is a natural reserve or park, with a plant market, the largest in Latin America. The park and market are located in the southern Mexico City borough of Xochimilco, about 23 km south of the historic center of the city. The park was designed by Mario Schjetnan. The park was inaugurated in 1993, on chinampas (artificial lake islands) which had been previously declared as part of a World Heritage Site. However, the area's ecology was badly degraded, and the park was established in order to revitalize and preserve the ecosystem. Success has been mixed. While much of the wetlands have been recharged, pollution and illegal settlements in the area remain as threats. As the park needs to be self-sustaining economically, there are a number of ways that the park raises money. One of the best known of these is the Xochimilco or Cuemanco Plant Market, which rents stalls to ornamental plant producers/sellers near the main entrance of the park. ...
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Environmental Remediation
Environmental remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water. Remedial action is generally subject to an array of regulatory requirements, and may also be based on assessments of human health and ecological risks where no legislative standards exist, or where standards are advisory. Remediation standards In the United States, the most comprehensive set of Preliminary Remediation Goals (PRGs) is from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ''Regional Screening Levels'' (RSLs). A set of standards used in Europe exists and is often called the Dutch standards. The European Union (EU) is rapidly moving towards Europe-wide standards, although most of the industrialised nations in Europe have their own standards at present. In Canada, most standards for remediation are set by the provinces individually, but the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment provides guidance at a federa ...
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