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Bianhua
''Bianhua'' meaning "transformation, metamorphosis" was a keyword in both Daoism and Chinese Buddhism. Daoists used ''bianhua'' describing things transforming from one type to another, such as from a caterpillar to a butterfly. Buddhist translators used ''bianhua'' for Sanskrit ''nirmāṇa'' "manifest through transformations", such as the ''nirmāṇa-kaya'' "transformation body" of a Buddha's reincarnations. Terminology In Chinese linguistic morphology, ''biànhuà'' 變化 (lit. "change change") "change (esp. in form or character); variation; transformation; metamorphosis; reincarnation" is categorized as a "synonymic compound" whose parts are synonyms, e.g., ''jiannan'' 艱難 "difficult; hard" compounds ''jian'' 艱 "difficult; arduous" and ''nan'' 難 "difficult; troublesome". For the Old Chinese etymologies, Axel Schuessler has ''bian'' 變 n_his_ca._100_CE_''Shuowen_Jiezi''said_that_it_meant_'to_bring_into_order',_as_in_spinning_or_reeling"._The_modern_character_化_fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daoism
Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmony with the ''Tao'' (, 'Thoroughfare'); the ''Tao'' is generally defined as the source of everything and the ultimate principle underlying reality. The ''Tao Te Ching'', a book containing teachings attributed to Laozi (), together with the later writings of Zhuangzi, are both widely considered the keystone works of Taoism. Taoism teaches about the various disciplines for achieving perfection through self-cultivation. This can be done through the use of Taoist techniques and by becoming one with the unplanned rhythms of the all, called "the way" or "Tao". Taoist ethics vary depending on the particular school, but in general tend to emphasize ''wu wei'' (action without intention), naturalness, simplicity, spontaneity and the Three Treasures: , compassion, , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radical 66
Radical 66 or radical rap () meaning "" is one of the 34 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 4 strokes. It is also used to represent a folding chair. In the ''Kangxi Dictionary'', there are 296 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical. is also the 74th indexing component in the ''Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components'' predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China, with being its associated indexing component. Evolution File:攴-oracle.svg, Oracle bone script character File:攴-bronze.svg, Bronze script character File:攴-bigseal.svg, Large seal script character File:攴-seal.svg, Small seal script character Derived characters Literature * * External links Unihan Database - U+6534 {{Simplified Chinese radicals 066 66 may refer to: * 66 (number) * One of the years 66 BC, AD 66, 1966, 2066 * "66" (song), a song by Lil Yachty featuring Trippie Redd *66, a song by The Afghan Whigs, from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ten Wings
The Ten Wings ( ''shí yì'') is a collection of commentaries ( ''zhuan'') to the classical Chinese ''Book of Changes'' ( ''Yì jīng'') traditionally ascribed to Confucius. # ''Tuan zhuan'', or Commentary on the Judgment, the 1st #''Tuan zhuan'', the 2nd # ''Xiang zhuan'', "Overall Image", the 1st (sometimes called Great Xiang ) # Xiang, the 2nd (aka Lesser Xiang or Little Images ) # ''Xici zhuan'', the Commentary on the Appended Phrases, the 1st #''Xici zhuan'', the 2nd (the two Xi Ci are also called the ''Great Commentary'' , to emphasize their importance) # ''Wenyan zhuan'', Commentary on the Words # ''Xugua zhuan'', the Sequence of the Hexagrams # ''Shuogua zhuan'', the Explanation of the Trigrams # ''Zagua zhuan'', the Assorted or Miscellaneous Hexagrams Doubts concerning Confucius' authorship of the ''Wings'' were expressed by Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) and Sima Guang (1019-1086) during the Northern Song dynasty. They were further consolidated by (1647-1715) and Kang Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Of Changes
The ''I Ching'' or ''Yi Jing'' (, ), usually translated ''Book of Changes'' or ''Classic of Changes'', is an ancient Chinese divination text that is among the oldest of the Chinese classics. Originally a divination manual in the Western Zhou period (1000750), the ''I Ching'' was transformed over the course of the Warring States period, Warring States and early imperial periods (500200) into a Religious cosmology, cosmological text with a series of philosophical commentaries known as the "Ten Wings". After becoming part of the Five Classics in the 2nd century BC, the ''I Ching'' was the subject of scholarly commentary and the basis for divination practice for centuries across the Far East, and eventually took on an influential role in Western understanding of East Asian philosophical thought. As a divination text, the ''I Ching'' is used for a traditional Chinese form of cleromancy known as I Ching divination, ''I Ching'' divination, in which bundles of yarrow, yarrow stalks a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guanzi (text)
The ''Guanzi'' () is an ancient Chinese political and philosophical text. At over 135,000 characters long, the ''Guanzi'' is one of the longest early Chinese philosophical texts. This anonymously written foundational text covers broad subject matter, notably including price regulation of commodities via the concept of "light and heavy" (轻重). It is one of the most representative text of developing concepts of political economy Warring States era. Authorship The ''Guanzi'' is named for and traditionally attributed to the 7th century BCE philosopher and statesman Guan Zhong, who served as Prime Minister to Duke Huan of Qi. It was, however, written by several anonymous authors and precise date of creation remains subject to historical debate. The Han Dynasty scholar Liu Xiang edited the received ''Guanzi'' text circa 26 BCE. It contains a wide variety of material from many different authors over several successive centuries, largely associated with the 4th century BCE Jixia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wing-Tsit Chan
Wing-tsit Chan (; 18 August 1901 – 12 August 1994) was a Chinese scholar and professor best known for his studies of Chinese philosophy and his translations of Chinese philosophical texts. Chan was born in China in 1901 and went to the United States in 1924, earning a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1929. Chan taught at Dartmouth College and Chatham University for most of his academic career. Chan's 1963 book ''A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy'' was highly influential in the English-speaking world, and was often used as a source for quotations from Chinese philosophical classics. Life and career Chan Wing-tsit was born on 18 August 1901 in Kaiping, a city in China's southern Guangdong Province. In 1916 he enrolled at Canton Christian College (later Lingnan University) near Canton (modern Guangzhou). After graduating with a bachelor's degree from Lingnan, he began his graduate studies at Harvard University in 1924. There he studied with Irving Babbitt, William Ernest Hocking, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Needham
Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (; 9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian of science and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology, initiating publication of the multivolume ''Science and Civilisation in China''. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1941 and a fellow of the British Academy in 1971. In 1992, Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the Companionship of Honour, and the Royal Society noted he was the only living person to hold these three titles. Early life Needham's father, Joseph was a doctor, and his mother, Alicia Adelaïde, née Montgomery (1863–1945), was a music composer from Oldcastle, County Meath, Ireland. His father, born in East London, then a poor section of town, rose to became a Harley Street physician, but frequently battled with Needham's mother. The young Needham often mediated. In his early teens, he was taken to hear the Sun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fan (Daoism)
The ancient Chinese language, Chinese term (, "return; reversion; inversion") is a basic concept of Daoism. The ''Daodejing'' says "Reversal is the movement of the Way ... Being is born from nonbeing." Daoist texts use ''fan'' in three interconnected meanings: "return to the root", "cyclical return", and "return to the contrary". In Chinese mythology#Cosmology, Chinese cosmology, everything in the universe emerges from the primordial Dao, continually transforms, and inevitably returns to it, which parallels the eternal return in philosophy or cyclic model in physical cosmology. ''Fan'' is also significant in Chinese alchemy and Daoist meditation. Terminology The common Chinese language, Chinese word () is semantically complex. A dictionary of pre-modern Chinese lists five translated meanings: # turn over, invert, turn upward # turn back, reverse, go back, revert, return, turn round; repeat, do again # go counter to, contrary, opposite, oppose; rebel, revolt # look inside, int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oracle Script
Oracle bone script () is an ancient form of Chinese characters that were engraved on oracle bonesanimal bones or turtle plastrons used in pyromantic divination. Oracle bone script was used in the late 2nd millennium BC, and is the earliest known form of Chinese writing. The vast majority of oracle bone inscriptions, of which about 150,000 pieces have been discovered, were found at the Yinxu site located in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province. The latest significant discovery is the Huayuanzhuang storage of 1,608 pieces, 579 of which were inscribed, found near Xiaotun in 1993. They record pyromantic divinations of the last nine kings of the Shang dynasty, beginning with Wu Ding, whose accession is dated by different scholars at 1250 BC or 1200 BC. Oracle bone inscriptions of Wu Ding's reign have been radiocarbon dated to 1254–1197 BC±10 years. After the Shang were overthrown by the Zhou dynasty in c. 1046 BC, divining with milfoil became more common, and a much smaller c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radical 21
Radical 21 or Radical spoon () meaning "spoon" is one of the 23 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals total) composed of two strokes. In the ''Kangxi Dictionary'', there are 19 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical. is also the 15th indexing component in the ''Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components'' predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China. Evolution File:匕-oracle.svg, Oracle bone script character File:匕-bronze.svg, Bronze script character File:匕-bigseal.svg, Large seal script character File:匕-seal.svg, Small seal script character Derived characters Variant forms as a component of Chinese characters takes different forms in different printing typefaces or different Chinese characters. In the ''Kangxi Dictionary'', current standard Simplified Chinese, Hong Kong Traditional Chinese, and Japanese, the second stroke of is a left-falling stroke. In Taiwan Traditional Chinese, the Standard Form of Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radical 9
Radical 9 or radical man () meaning "person" is a Kangxi radicals. Of the 214 radicals, Radical 9 is one of 23 which are composed of 2 strokes. When appearing at the left side of a Chinese character, it usually transforms into . In the ''Kangxi Dictionary'', there are 794 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical. is also the 12th indexing component in the ''Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components'' predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China. Two associated indexing components, and (formerly Radical 11), are affiliated to the principle indexing component . Evolution File:人-bronze-shang.svg, Shang bronze script character File:人-oracle.svg, Shang oracle bone script character File:人-bronze.svg, Western Zhou bronze script character File:人-bronze-warring.svg, Warring States bronze script character File:人-silk.svg, Chu slip script character of Warring States File:人-slip.svg, Qin slip script character of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shuowen Jiezi
''Shuowen Jiezi'' () is an ancient Chinese dictionary from the Han dynasty. Although not the first comprehensive Chinese character dictionary (the '' Erya'' predates it), it was the first to analyze the structure of the characters and to give the rationale behind them, as well as the first to use the principle of organization by sections with shared components called radicals (''bùshǒu'' 部首, lit. "section headers"). Circumstances of compilation Xu Shen, a Han Dynasty scholar of the Five Classics, compiled the ''Shuowen Jiezi''. He finished editing it in 100 CE, but due to an unfavorable imperial attitude towards scholarship, he waited until 121 CE before having his son Xǔ Chōng present it to Emperor An of Han along with a memorial. In analyzing the structure of characters and defining the words represented by them, Xu Shen strove to disambiguate the meaning of the pre-Han Classics, so as to render their usage by government unquestioned and bring about order, and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
