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Bethlen Seal
The House of Bethlen is the name of two Hungarian ancient noble families, ''Bethlen de Iktár'' and ''Bethlen de Bethlen''. Although they have similar coat of arms, those two families don't have proven mutual ancestry. Both can trace their noble lineage up to 12th and 13th century and their family members played significant role in the history of Transylvania and Hungary. Notable members *Bethlen, son of Lőrinc, Hungarian nobleman, ancestor of the Bethlen and Apafi families * András Bethlen de Bethlen (1847–1898), Hungarian Count who served as Hungarian Minister of Agriculture (1890–1894) * Gabriel Bethlen de Iktár (1580–1629), Prince of Transylvania (1613–1629), Duke of Opole (1622–1625) and leader of an anti-Habsburg insurrection * Katharina Bethlen de Iktár (1604–1649), Princess of Transylvania (1629–1630) * Stephan Bethlen de Iktár (1582–1648), Prince of Transylvania in 1630 * István Bethlen de Bethlen (1874–1946), Hungarian Count and statesman who serv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bethlen Seal
The House of Bethlen is the name of two Hungarian ancient noble families, ''Bethlen de Iktár'' and ''Bethlen de Bethlen''. Although they have similar coat of arms, those two families don't have proven mutual ancestry. Both can trace their noble lineage up to 12th and 13th century and their family members played significant role in the history of Transylvania and Hungary. Notable members *Bethlen, son of Lőrinc, Hungarian nobleman, ancestor of the Bethlen and Apafi families * András Bethlen de Bethlen (1847–1898), Hungarian Count who served as Hungarian Minister of Agriculture (1890–1894) * Gabriel Bethlen de Iktár (1580–1629), Prince of Transylvania (1613–1629), Duke of Opole (1622–1625) and leader of an anti-Habsburg insurrection * Katharina Bethlen de Iktár (1604–1649), Princess of Transylvania (1629–1630) * Stephan Bethlen de Iktár (1582–1648), Prince of Transylvania in 1630 * István Bethlen de Bethlen (1874–1946), Hungarian Count and statesman who serv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Transylvania (1570–1711)
The Principality of Transylvania ( hu, Erdélyi Fejedelemség; la, Principatus Transsilvaniae; german: Fürstentum Siebenbürgen; ro, Principatul Transilvaniei / Principatul Ardealului; tr, Erdel Voyvodalığı / Transilvanya Prensliği) was a semi-independent state ruled primarily by Hungarian princes. Its territory, in addition to the traditional Transylvanian lands, also included the other major component called Partium, which was in some periods comparable in size with Transylvania proper. The establishment of the principality was connected to the Treaty of Speyer. However, Stephen Báthory's status as king of Poland also helped to phase in the name ''Principality of Transylvania''.Katalin PéterBeloved Children: History of Aristocratic Childhood in Hungary in the Early Modern Age Central European University Press, 2001, p. 27 It was usually under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, although the principality often had dual vassalage ( Ottoman Turkish sultans and Habsbur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War and was dissolved shortly after its defeat in the First World War. Austria-Hungary was ruled by the House of Habsburg and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg monarchy. It was a multinational state and one of Europe's major powers at the time. Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire, at and the third-most populous (after Russia and the German Empire). The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry in the world, after the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom. Austria-Hungary also became the world's third-largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
András Bethlen
Count András Bethlen de Bethlen (26 July 1847 – 25 August 1898) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture between 1890 and 1894. He studied law in Budapest and national economy studies in Brussels and Leipzig. He was a member of the Diet of Hungary from 1873 to 1882 in colours of the Liberal Party, which governed Hungary until 1890. Bethlen served as administrative chief of Brassó County and Szeben County (''Count of the Saxons''). Count Gyula Szapáry appointed him Minister of Agriculture. Bethlen also hold the office in the next government (first cabinet of Sándor Wekerle Sándor Wekerle (14 November 1848 – 26 August 1921) was a Hungarian politician who served three times as prime minister. He was the first non-noble to hold the office in Hungary. Biography He was born in Mór to a Danube Swabian family, i ...). He founded the Institute of Experimental Plant and surveyed the introduction of the agricultural statistics. He also published ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1992. p. 73. . The etymologically related English term "county" denoted the territories associated with the countship. Definition The word ''count'' came into English from the French ''comte'', itself from Latin ''comes''—in its accusative ''comitem''—meaning “companion”, and later “companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor”. The adjective form of the word is "comital". The British and Irish equivalent is an earl (whose wife is a "countess", for lack of an English term). In the late Roman Empire, the Latin title ''comes'' denoted the high rank of various courtiers and provincial officials, either military or administrative: before Anthemius became emperor in the West in 467, he was a military ''comes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Bethlen
Gabriel Bethlen ( hu, Bethlen Gábor; 15 November 1580 – 15 November 1629) was Prince of Transylvania from 1613 to 1629 and Duke of Opole from 1622 to 1625. He was also King-elect of Hungary from 1620 to 1621, but he never took control of the whole kingdom. Bethlen, supported by the Ottomans, led his Calvinist principality against the Habsburgs and their Catholic allies. Early life Gabriel was the elder of the two sons of Farkas Bethlen de Iktár and Druzsiána Lázár de Szárhegy. Gabriel was born in his father's estate, Marosillye (now Ilia in Romania), on 15 November 1580. Farkas Bethlen was a Hungarian nobleman who lost his ancestral estate, Iktár (now Ictar-Budinț in Romania), due to the Ottoman occupation of the central territories of the Kingdom of Hungary. Stephen Báthory, Prince of Transylvania, granted Marosillye to him and made him captain-general of the principality. Druzsiána Lázár was descended from a Székely noble family. Both Farkas Bethlen an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Opole
Duchy of Opole ( pl, Księstwo opolskie; german: Herzogtum Oppeln; cs, Opolské knížectví) was one of the duchies of Silesia ruled by the Piast dynasty. Its capital was Opole (Oppeln, Opolí) in Upper Silesia. Duke Boleslaw III 'the Wrymouth' (r.1102-38; who died a feudatory of the German Emperor) had restored Polish fortunes to some extent but having endured terrific internal strife, he decreed in his Will that the 'kingdom' would be better divided into four hereditary principalities for each of his four sons. A kind of family federation. One became Duke of Great Poland (around Gniezno), another Silesia, another Cracow, another, half-heathen Masovia. The rising local magnates, dowered with estates, preferred provincial princes. But the division of loyalties among these princes brought on a long period of dynastic struggle, intrigue, and national weakness. By this time Silesia, under strong German influence, had been divided into sixteen minuscule principalities and was fin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catherine Of Brandenburg
Catherine of Brandenburg (Königsberg, 28 May 1602 – 27 August 1649, Schöningen) was an elected Princess of Transylvania between 1629 and 1630. She was the daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, and Anna of Prussia Life Catherine was raised in Brandenburg, but lived with her mother in Sweden for several years after the marriage of her sister Maria Eleonora to king Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in 1620. She was educated to become an ideal consort of a ruler and was "richly decorated with virtues suitable to a princely woman". Princess consort of Transylvania On 2 March 1626, she married Gabriel Bethlen, prince of Transylvania. The marriage allied the Protestant Prince of Transylvania with the Protestant powers of Denmark, Sweden and the Palatinate. A proxy marriage was celebrated in Berlin, and a second marriage in person performed in Kosice in Transylvania (now in Slovakia) after the arrival of Catherine. The couple settled in Alba Iulia in Transylvania. The marria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Bethlen
Stephen Bethlen de Iktár (1582 – 23 December 1648) was the Prince of Transylvania in late 1630. Early life Stephen was the younger of the two sons of Farkas Bethlen de Iktár and Druzsiána Lázár de Szárhegy. He was born in his father's estate, Marosillye (now Ilia in Romania), in 1582. He was the younger brother of Gabriel Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania between 1613-1629 and King-elect of Hungary. According to contemporaries, Stephen Bethlen was rather poorly educated. Nevertheless, some people saw in him a successor who was to continue the policies of his brother, the prince. Gabriel Bethlen did everything in his power to equip and strengthen his younger brother with privileges. He gave him the castle of Khust and made him Voivode for life of Hunyad (Hunedoara) and owner of the Hunedoara castle (today part of Romania) and property in Máramaros County. After the death of his brother, Stephen Bethlen tried on January 25, 1630 without success to take over the reign fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Transylvania
List of rulers of Transylvania, from the 10th century, until 1867. Overview Before 1556, the administration of the eastern parts of the Hungarian Kingdom, referred as ''Partes Transsylvana'' (Latin for "parts beyond the forests"), was in the hands of a voivode ( hu, vajda) appointed by the king. The word voivod or voievod first appeared in historical documents in 1193. Prior to that, the term ispán was used for the chief official of the County of Fehér. The whole territory of Transylvania came under the jurisdiction of the voievod after 1263, when the functions of Count of Szolnok (Doboka) and Count of Fehér were terminated. The Voivode of Transylvania (''woyuoda Transsiluanus'') was one of the barons of the kingdom. The voivode was, in effect, a territorial governor or viceroy appointed by the Hungarian crown. He was also the chief magistrate and military commander of Transylvania's seven counties. His jurisdiction, however, was limited, because the Transylvanian Saxons an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
István Bethlen
Count István Bethlen de Bethlen (8 October 1874, Gernyeszeg – 5 October 1946, Moscow) was a Hungarian aristocrat and statesman and served as prime minister from 1921 to 1931. Early life The scion of an old Bethlen de Bethlen noble family from Transylvania, he was the only son of Count Istvan Bethlen de Bethlen (1831–1881) and Countess Ilona Teleki de Szék (1849–1914). He had two elder sisters: Countess Klementine Mikes de Zabola (1871–1954) and Countess Ilona Haller de Hallerkeö (1872–1924). Career Bethlen was elected to the Hungarian parliament as a Liberal in 1901. Later, he served as a representative of the new Hungarian government at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. In that year, the weak centrist Hungarian government collapsed, and was soon replaced by a communist Hungarian Soviet Republic, under the leadership of Béla Kun. Bethlen quickly returned to Hungary to assume leadership of the anti-communist "white" government based in Szeged, along ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
