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Beseda
''Beseda'' ( rus, Беседа, p=bʲɪˈsʲedə, a=Ru-беседа.ogg, t=debate) was a clandestine discussion circle consisting of liberal "zemstvo men", among them prominent and grand names of the Russian aristocracy.Figes, p. 165 The intelligentsia discussion group was formed in the wake of resumed persecution of the zemstvos after increased liberties during the Russian famine of 1891–92. Beseda was formed in November 1899 and gathered 3 or 4 times a year. Founders of the circle were Dmitry Shakhovskoy, Pavel Dolgorukov, and Prince Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy. It gradually lost its significance and the last meeting was held in October 1905.Kröner, A.W. (1998) "The Debate Between Miliukov and Maklakov on the Chances for Russian Liberalism", p. 23-25 The members, which included among others Prince Lvov, met in the palace of the Princes Dolgorukov in Moscow, and initially restricted discussion strictly to the affairs of the zemstvos. After the persecution of the zemstvos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy
Prince Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy (russian: Серге́й Никола́евич Трубецко́й; 4 August [Old Style and New Style dates, O. S. 23 June] 1862 – 23 September 1905) was a List of Russian philosophers, Russian Christian philosophy, religious philosopher. He was the son of Prince Nikolai Petrovitch Trubetskoy, co-founder of the Moscow Conservatory, and Sophia Alekseievna Lopouchina, who was a big influence on his religious thought. Trubetskoy and his brother, Evgenii Nikolaevitch Troubetzkoy (1863–1920), continued Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher), Vladimir Solovyov's work on developing a modern Christian philosophy of the world. He was also a professor of philosophy at Moscow University and a founding member of the underground discussion circle ''Beseda''.Figes, p. 168 Biography Early life Trubetskoy became an adherent of the British Positivism, Positivists Herbert Spencer and John Stuart Mill as a teenager. Later he became disappointed with both and turned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Shipov
Dmitry Nikolaevich Shipov (14 May 1851 – 14 January 1920) was a Russian liberal Slavophile politician of the 19th and 20th centuries.Figes, pp. 164–5 Shipov acted as a political mentor of Georgy Lvov, Russia's future first Prime Minister.Figes, p. 194 According to Solzhenitsyn in “November 1916”, Shipov was not, or ought not to have been considered a ‘Slavophile’, a slandering term at the time assigned to him by his radically leftist opponents—one which appears to have ‘tarred’ him, inaccurately, to this day!" Biography Early life Shipov was a graduate of St. Petersburg University. He was elected Chairman of Volokolamsk Uezd Zemstvo Board in 1891, and of Moscow Gubernia Zemstvo Board in 1900. Shipov was a deeply conservative Christian.Pipes, p. 172 Career Dmitry Shipov organised the zemstvos at a national level. Despite the zemstvos crucial role in bringing about the 1905 Revolution, the zemstvo men being 'unlikely pioneers', Shipov himself was strongly opposed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Shakhovskoy
Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Shakhovskoy (1861, Tsarskoye Selo – 1939, Moscow) was a Russian liberal politician. Life Active participant in zemstvo congresses, 1904–1905; one of the organizers of the Union of Liberation. One of the founders of Beseda and permanent member of the Central Committee of the Constitutional Democratic Party. Member and secretary of the Cadet group in the First State Duma (Russian Empire). In May–July 1917 he was Minister of Social Welfare in the Russian Provisional Government. After the Bolshevik revolution he was active in Soviet cooperative institutions, 1930. He was arrested by the NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. ... and executed on 15 April 1939. References * V.I. GurkoFeatures And Figures Of The Past. Government And Opin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolgorukov
The House of Dolgorukov () is a princely Russian family of Rurikid stock. They are a cadet branch of the Obolenskiy family (until 1494 the rulers of Obolensk, one of the Upper Oka Principalities) and as such claiming patrilineal descent from Mikhail of Chernigov (d. 1246). The founder of the Dolgorukov branch of the Obolenskiy is Prince Ivan Andreevich Oblenskiy (15th century), who for his vengefulness was given the nickname of Долгорукий ''Dolgorukiy'', i.e. "far-reaching". Obolensk was incorporated into the expanding Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1494, and the house of Dolgorukov became a powerful noble family in Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire. List of members Members of the House of Dolgorukov include: *Maria Dolgorukaya (d. 1580), a wife of Ivan IV *Grigorij Ivanovich Menshoi Tchyort ("the Devil") Dolgorukov (Князь Григорий Иванович Меньшой Чёрт Долгоруков), died after 1598, governor under Ivan the Terrible. *Aleks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Democratic Party
) , newspaper = ''Rech'' , ideology = ConstitutionalismConstitutional monarchismLiberal democracyParliamentarism Political pluralismSocial liberalism , position = Centre to centre-left , international = , colours = Azure White , country = Russia The Constitutional Democratic Party (russian: Конституцио́нно-демократи́ческая па́ртия, translit=Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaya partiya, K-D), also called Constitutional Democrats and formally the Party of People's Freedom (russian: links=no, Па́ртия Наро́дной Свобо́ды), was a centrist, liberal political party in the Russian Empire that promoted Western constitutional monarchy — among other policies — and attracted a base ranging from moderate conservatives to mild socialists. Party members were called Kadets (or Cadets) from the abbreviation K-D of the party name. Konstantin Kavelin's and Boris Chicherin's writings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavophiles
Slavophilia (russian: Славянофильство) was an intellectual movement originating from the 19th century that wanted the Russian Empire to be developed on the basis of values and institutions derived from Russia's early history. Slavophiles opposed the influences of Western Europe in Russia. Depending on the historical context, the opposite of Slavophilia could be seen as Slavophobia (a fear of Slavic culture) or also what some Russian intellectuals (such as Ivan Aksakov) called ''zapadnichestvo'' (westernism). History Slavophilia, as an intellectual movement, was developed in 19th-century Russia. In a sense, there was not one but many Slavophile movements or many branches of the same movement. Some were leftist and noted that progressive ideas such as democracy were intrinsic to the Russian experience, as proved by what they considered to be the rough democracy of medieval Novgorod. Some were rightist and pointed to the centuries-old tradition of the autocratic ts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnate
The magnate term, from the late Latin ''magnas'', a great man, itself from Latin ''magnus'', "great", means a man from the higher nobility, a man who belongs to the high office-holders, or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage, and in Poland for the richest ''szlachta''. England In England, the magnate class went through a change in the later Middle Ages. It had previously consisted of all tenants-in-chief of the crown, a group of more than a hundred families. The emergence of Parliament led to the establishment of a parliamentary peerage that received personal summons, rarely more than sixty families. A similar cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutionalists
Constitutionalism is "a compound of ideas, attitudes, and patterns of behavior elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from and is limited by a body of fundamental law". Political organizations are constitutional to the extent that they "contain institutionalized mechanisms of power control for the protection of the interests and liberties of the citizenry, including those that may be in the minority". As described by political scientist and constitutional scholar David Fellman: Definition Constitutionalism has prescriptive and descriptive uses. Law professor Gerhard Casper captured this aspect of the term in noting, "Constitutionalism has both descriptive and prescriptive connotations. Used descriptively, it refers chiefly to the historical struggle for constitutional recognition of the people's right to 'consent' and certain other rights, freedoms, and privileges. Used prescriptively, its meaning incorporates those features of government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Lvov
Lvov (russian: Львов) is the name of a princely Russian family of Rurikid stock. The family is descended from the princes of Yaroslavl where early members of the family are buried. Notable members * Knyaz Matvey Danilovich (?–1603), Voivod in Tobolsk (1592) and in Verkhoturye (1601) *Knyaz Ivan Dimitriyevich, Voivod in Tyumen (1635–1639) *Knyaz Alexey Mikhaylovich (?–1653), Stolnik (1613), Okolnichiy (1627–), Boyar (1635) and head of the 'Prikaz of the Great Palace' (that is, a court marshal) *Knyaz Dmitry Petrovich (?–1660), Boyar (1655) *Knyaz Nikita Yakovlevich (?–1670), Okolnichiy and head of the Yamskoy Prikaz (the earliest version of the Russian Post Office) *Knyaz Mikhail Nikitich (?–1692), Boyar (1692) *Knyaz Vladimir Vladimirovich (1834–1865), Writer *Knyaz Georgy Yevgenyevich (1861–1925) (32nd generation Rurikid), Russian Prime Minister *Knyaz Alexander Dimitriyevich (1863–?), Fire-Brigade founder, Petergof Zemstvo A ''zemstvo'' ( r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality before the law."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for conservatism and for tradition in general, tolerance, and ... individualism". John Dunn. ''Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future'' (1993). Cambridge University Press. . Liberals espouse various views depending on their understanding of these principles. However, they generally support private property, market economies, individual rights (including civil rights and human rights), liberal democracy, secularism, rule of law, economic and political freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion. Liberalism is frequently cited as the dominant ideology of modern times.Wolfe, p. 23.Adams, p. 11. Liberalism became a distinct movement in the Age of Enlightenment, gaining popularity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavel Dolgorukov
Prince Pavel Dmitrievich Dolgorukov (russian: Князь Па́вел Дми́триевич Долгору́ков, tr. ; 1866, Tsarskoye Selo – June 9, 1927) was a Russian landowner and aristocrat who was executed by the Bolsheviks in 1927. Biography Prince Pavel Dolgorukov was born in 1866. He was a member of the Dolgorukov family, one of the oldest branches of the Russian aristocracy during the Tsarist era. He inherited great wealth and was involved in the work of the zemstvo (regional councils), particularly in the Moscow region, where he owned an estate. Prior to the 1905 revolution, he identified himself primarily with the liberals. In 1905, he helped to found the Cadet party, and served as Chairman of its central committee from 1911 to 1915. At one point, he was a member of the Duma in St Petersburg and led the Cadet faction there, but he preferred to work in his own constituency in Moscow. Before the outbreak of World War I, Dolgorukov had shown some interest i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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