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Bertrana Benuta
''Bertrana'' is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. It includes some of the smallest known araneid orb-weavers. ''Bertrana striolata'' females are 4.5 mm long or less. The eight eyes are in two rows. The abdomen is white on top and on the sides, with multiple hieroglyphic-like lines and bars of many different shapes and length. In females, these are red, in males, black. Species it contains twelve species: *''Bertrana abbreviata'' (Keyserling, 1879) – Colombia *''Bertrana arena'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *'' Bertrana benuta'' Levi, 1994 – Colombia *''Bertrana elinguis'' (Keyserling, 1883) – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, French Guiana *''Bertrana laselva'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana nancho'' Levi, 1989 – Peru *''Bertrana planada'' Levi, 1989 – Colombia, Ecuador *''Bertrana poa'' Levi, 1994 – Ecuador *''Bertrana rufostriata'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, Brazil *''Bertrana striolata'' Keyserl ...
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Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ...
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Bertrana Laselva
''Bertrana'' is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. It includes some of the smallest known araneid orb-weavers. ''Bertrana striolata'' females are 4.5 mm long or less. The eight eyes are in two rows. The abdomen is white on top and on the sides, with multiple hieroglyphic-like lines and bars of many different shapes and length. In females, these are red, in males, black. Species it contains twelve species: *''Bertrana abbreviata'' (Keyserling, 1879) – Colombia *''Bertrana arena'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana benuta'' Levi, 1994 – Colombia *''Bertrana elinguis'' (Keyserling, 1883) – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, French Guiana *''Bertrana laselva'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana nancho'' Levi, 1989 – Peru *''Bertrana planada'' Levi, 1989 – Colombia, Ecuador *''Bertrana poa'' Levi, 1994 – Ecuador *''Bertrana rufostriata'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, Brazil *''Bertrana striolata'' Keyserli ...
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Spiders Of Central America
Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all orders of organisms. Spiders are found worldwide on every continent except for Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every land habitat. , 50,356 spider species in 132 families have been recorded by taxonomists. However, there has been debate among scientists about how families should be classified, with over 20 different classifications proposed since 1900. Anatomically, spiders (as with all arachnids) differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata, the cephalothorax or prosoma, and the opisthosoma, or abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel, however, as there is currently neither paleontological nor embryological evidence that spiders ever had a separate t ...
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Araneomorphae Genera
The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha) are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their close kin), where they point straight down. Araneomorphs comprise the vast majority of living spiders. Distinguishing characteristics Most spider species are Araneomorphae, which have fangs that face towards each other, increasing the orientations they can employ during prey capture. They have fewer book lungs (when present), and the females typically live one year. The Mygalomorphae have fangs that face towards the ground, and which are parallel to the long axis of the spider's body, thus they have only one orientation they can employ during prey capture. They have four pairs of book lungs, and the females often live many years. Image:Atrax robustus.jpg, This ''Atrax robustus'' shows the orientation of Myglamorphae fangs. Image:Che ...
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Bertrana Vella
''Bertrana'' is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. It includes some of the smallest known araneid orb-weavers. ''Bertrana striolata'' females are 4.5 mm long or less. The eight eyes are in two rows. The abdomen is white on top and on the sides, with multiple hieroglyphic-like lines and bars of many different shapes and length. In females, these are red, in males, black. Species it contains twelve species: *'' Bertrana abbreviata'' (Keyserling, 1879) – Colombia *''Bertrana arena'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *'' Bertrana benuta'' Levi, 1994 – Colombia *''Bertrana elinguis'' (Keyserling, 1883) – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, French Guiana *''Bertrana laselva'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana nancho'' Levi, 1989 – Peru *''Bertrana planada'' Levi, 1989 – Colombia, Ecuador *''Bertrana poa'' Levi, 1994 – Ecuador *''Bertrana rufostriata'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, Brazil *''Bertrana striolata'' Keyser ...
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Bertrana Urahua
''Bertrana'' is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. It includes some of the smallest known araneid orb-weavers. ''Bertrana striolata'' females are 4.5 mm long or less. The eight eyes are in two rows. The abdomen is white on top and on the sides, with multiple hieroglyphic-like lines and bars of many different shapes and length. In females, these are red, in males, black. Species it contains twelve species: *'' Bertrana abbreviata'' (Keyserling, 1879) – Colombia *''Bertrana arena'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *'' Bertrana benuta'' Levi, 1994 – Colombia *''Bertrana elinguis'' (Keyserling, 1883) – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, French Guiana *''Bertrana laselva'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana nancho'' Levi, 1989 – Peru *''Bertrana planada'' Levi, 1989 – Colombia, Ecuador *''Bertrana poa'' Levi, 1994 – Ecuador *''Bertrana rufostriata'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, Brazil *''Bertrana striolata'' Keyser ...
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Bertrana Rufostriata
''Bertrana'' is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. It includes some of the smallest known araneid orb-weavers. ''Bertrana striolata'' females are 4.5 mm long or less. The eight eyes are in two rows. The abdomen is white on top and on the sides, with multiple hieroglyphic-like lines and bars of many different shapes and length. In females, these are red, in males, black. Species it contains twelve species: *'' Bertrana abbreviata'' (Keyserling, 1879) – Colombia *''Bertrana arena'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *'' Bertrana benuta'' Levi, 1994 – Colombia *''Bertrana elinguis'' (Keyserling, 1883) – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, French Guiana *''Bertrana laselva'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana nancho'' Levi, 1989 – Peru *''Bertrana planada'' Levi, 1989 – Colombia, Ecuador *''Bertrana poa'' Levi, 1994 – Ecuador *''Bertrana rufostriata'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, Brazil *''Bertrana striolata'' Keyser ...
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Bertrana Poa
''Bertrana'' is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. It includes some of the smallest known araneid orb-weavers. ''Bertrana striolata'' females are 4.5 mm long or less. The eight eyes are in two rows. The abdomen is white on top and on the sides, with multiple hieroglyphic-like lines and bars of many different shapes and length. In females, these are red, in males, black. Species it contains twelve species: *''Bertrana abbreviata'' (Keyserling, 1879) – Colombia *''Bertrana arena'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana benuta'' Levi, 1994 – Colombia *''Bertrana elinguis'' (Keyserling, 1883) – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, French Guiana *''Bertrana laselva'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana nancho'' Levi, 1989 – Peru *''Bertrana planada'' Levi, 1989 – Colombia, Ecuador *''Bertrana poa'' Levi, 1994 – Ecuador *''Bertrana rufostriata'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, Brazil *''Bertrana striolata'' Keyserli ...
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Bertrana Planada
''Bertrana'' is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. It includes some of the smallest known araneid orb-weavers. ''Bertrana striolata'' females are 4.5 mm long or less. The eight eyes are in two rows. The abdomen is white on top and on the sides, with multiple hieroglyphic-like lines and bars of many different shapes and length. In females, these are red, in males, black. Species it contains twelve species: *''Bertrana abbreviata'' (Keyserling, 1879) – Colombia *''Bertrana arena'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana benuta'' Levi, 1994 – Colombia *''Bertrana elinguis'' (Keyserling, 1883) – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, French Guiana *''Bertrana laselva'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana nancho'' Levi, 1989 – Peru *''Bertrana planada'' Levi, 1989 – Colombia, Ecuador *''Bertrana poa'' Levi, 1994 – Ecuador *''Bertrana rufostriata'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, Brazil *''Bertrana striolata'' Keyserli ...
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Bertrana Nancho
''Bertrana'' is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. It includes some of the smallest known araneid orb-weavers. ''Bertrana striolata'' females are 4.5 mm long or less. The eight eyes are in two rows. The abdomen is white on top and on the sides, with multiple hieroglyphic-like lines and bars of many different shapes and length. In females, these are red, in males, black. Species it contains twelve species: *''Bertrana abbreviata'' (Keyserling, 1879) – Colombia *''Bertrana arena'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana benuta'' Levi, 1994 – Colombia *''Bertrana elinguis'' (Keyserling, 1883) – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, French Guiana *''Bertrana laselva'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana nancho'' Levi, 1989 – Peru *''Bertrana planada'' Levi, 1989 – Colombia, Ecuador *''Bertrana poa'' Levi, 1994 – Ecuador *''Bertrana rufostriata'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, Brazil *''Bertrana striolata'' Keyserli ...
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Bertrana Elinguis
''Bertrana'' is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. It includes some of the smallest known araneid orb-weavers. ''Bertrana striolata'' females are 4.5 mm long or less. The eight eyes are in two rows. The abdomen is white on top and on the sides, with multiple hieroglyphic-like lines and bars of many different shapes and length. In females, these are red, in males, black. Species it contains twelve species: *'' Bertrana abbreviata'' (Keyserling, 1879) – Colombia *''Bertrana arena'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *'' Bertrana benuta'' Levi, 1994 – Colombia *''Bertrana elinguis'' (Keyserling, 1883) – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, French Guiana *''Bertrana laselva'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana nancho'' Levi, 1989 – Peru *''Bertrana planada'' Levi, 1989 – Colombia, Ecuador *''Bertrana poa'' Levi, 1994 – Ecuador *''Bertrana rufostriata'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, Brazil *''Bertrana striolata'' Keyser ...
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Bertrana Striolata
''Bertrana'' is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. It includes some of the smallest known araneid orb-weavers. ''Bertrana striolata'' females are 4.5 mm long or less. The eight eyes are in two rows. The abdomen is white on top and on the sides, with multiple hieroglyphic-like lines and bars of many different shapes and length. In females, these are red, in males, black. Species it contains twelve species: *''Bertrana abbreviata'' (Keyserling, 1879) – Colombia *''Bertrana arena'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana benuta'' Levi, 1994 – Colombia *''Bertrana elinguis'' (Keyserling, 1883) – Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, French Guiana *''Bertrana laselva'' Levi, 1989 – Costa Rica *''Bertrana nancho'' Levi, 1989 – Peru *''Bertrana planada'' Levi, 1989 – Colombia, Ecuador *''Bertrana poa'' Levi, 1994 – Ecuador *''Bertrana rufostriata'' Simon, 1893 – Venezuela, Brazil *''Bertrana striolata'' Keyserli ...
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