Bernardino Ramazzini
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Bernardino Ramazzini
Bernardino Ramazzini (; 4 October 1633 – 5 November 1714) was an Italian physician. Ramazzini, along with Francesco Torti, was an early proponent of the use of cinchona bark (from which quinine is derived) in the treatment of malaria. His most important contribution to medicine was his book on occupational diseases, ''De Morbis Artificum Diatriba'' ("Diseases of Workers"). Life Ramazzini was born in Carpi (MO), Carpi on 4 October 1633 according to his birth certificate. He studied medicine at the University of Parma, where his interest in occupational diseases began. Career He was appointed to the chair of theory of medicine at University of Modena in 1682 then served as professor of medicine at the University of Padua from 1700 until his death. He is often called "the father of occupational medicine" The first edition of ''De Morbis'' was published in 1700 in Modena, the second in 1713 in Padua. Occupational medicine His book on occupational diseases, De_Morbis_Artificu ...
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Carpi (MO)
Carpi (; ) is an Italian town and ''comune'' of about 71,000 inhabitants in the province of Modena, Emilia-Romagna. It is a busy centre for industrial and craft activities and for cultural and commercial exchanges. History The name ''Carpi'' is derived from ''carpinus'' 'hornbeam', a tree particularly widespread in medieval times in the Po Valley region. In prehistoric times it was a settlement of the Villanovan Culture. The foundation by the Lombard king Aistulf of St. Mary's Church in the castle (''Castrum Carpi'') in 752 was the first step in the current settlement of the city. From 1319 to 1525, it was ruled by the Pio family, after whom it was acquired by the Este, as part of the Duchy of Modena. The city received a Silver Medal for Military Valour in recognition of its participation in the resistance against the German occupation during World War II. The town has one of the largest squares in all Italy (3rd place), the heart of the city, Piazza dei Martiri. It is sur ...
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Longe Præstantius Est Præservare Quam Curare
Longe (Old Norman: ''le Longe'' or ''le Long'') is an English aristocracy, English and French aristocratic household, descending from the List of coats of arms of the Capetian dynasty, House of Bourbon-Préaux, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, and may refer to: * House of Longe, a surname of Anglo-Norman origin * Desmond Longe, British Army Major, S.O.E Agent and High Sheriff of Norfolk * Francis Davy Longe, first-class cricketer and anti-classical economist * John Longe (1548–1589), archbishop and member of the Privy Council of Ireland * John Longe (priest) (1765–1834, priest and Norfolk county magistrate * Patricia Shontz Longe, American economist * Richard Longe, politician and royalist * Robert de Longe, artist * William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor of England * Longe family of Spixworth Park#Longe family, Spixworth Park, including a list of High Sheriffs of Norfolk and Suffolk Other uses * Longe line, a rope used in Longeing, a technique for train ...
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Acta Internationales Historiae Medicinae
Acta or ACTA may refer to: Institutions * Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, an intellectual property trade agreement * Administrative Council for Terminal Attachments, a standards organization for terminal equipment such as registered jacks * Alameda Corridor Transportation Authority, in southern California * American Council of Trustees and Alumni, an education organization * Atlantic County Transportation Authority, a transportation agency in Atlantic County, New Jersey * Australian Community Television Alliance, an industry association representing community television licensees in Australia Science and technology * Acta, the transactions (proceedings) of an academic field, a learned society, or an academic conference * Acta (software), early outliner software * Activin A, mammalian protein * ACTA1, actin alpha 1 (skeletal muscle), human protein * ACTA2, actin alpha 2 (smooth muscle), human protein * Actin assembly-inducing protein, motility protein in the bacterium ''Listeri ...
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Journal Of The American Medical Association
''JAMA'' (''The Journal of the American Medical Association'') is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association. It publishes original research, reviews, and editorials covering all aspects of biomedicine. The journal was established in 1883 with Nathan Smith Davis as the founding editor. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California San Francisco became the journal editor-in-chief on July 1, 2022, succeeding Howard Bauchner of Boston University. According to ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal's 2024 impact factor is 63.1, ranking it 4th out of 168 journals in the category "Medicine, General & Internal". History The journal was established in 1883 by the American Medical Association and superseded the ''Transactions of the American Medical Association''. ''Councilor's Bulletin'' was renamed the ''Bulletin of the American Medical Association'', which later was absorbed by the ''Journal of the American Medi ...
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The Lancet
''The Lancet'' is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal, founded in England in 1823. It is one of the world's highest-impact academic journals and also one of the oldest medical journals still in publication. The journal publishes original research articles, review articles ("seminars" and "reviews"), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. ''The Lancet'' has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing. History ''The Lancet'' was founded in 1823 by Thomas Wakley, an English surgeon who named it after the surgical instrument called a lancet (scalpel). According to BBC, the journal was initially considered to be radical following its founding. Members of the Wakley family retained editorship of the journal until 1908. In 1921, ''The Lancet'' was acquired by Hodder & Stoughton. Elsevier acquire ...
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Ramazzini - De Morbis Artificum Diatriba, 1745 - 3026294
Ramazzini is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Bernardino Ramazzini - Italian physician (1633 – 1714) ** Collegium Ramazzini academy of occupational and environmental health named after Bernardino *Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri (born July 16, 1947) is a Guatemalan prelate of the Catholic Church who has been the Bishop of Huehuetenango since 2012. He was the Bishop of San Marcos from 1988 to 2012. Pope Francis raised him to the rank of ... - Guatemalan Bishop, born 1947 {{surname, Ramazzini Italian-language surnames ...
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Collegium Ramazzini
The Collegium Ramazzini is an independent, international academy composed of physicians, scientists, and scholars from 35 countries. Through its members and activities, it seeks to advance occupational and environmental health by bridging scientific knowledge with socio-political centers that have the responsibility to protect public health. The organization is named after physician Bernardino Ramazzini (1633–1714), known as “the father of occupational medicine.” The Collegium Ramazzini is governed by an elected executive committee composed of a president, secretary general, treasurer, and six other fellows. Four individuals have served as the academy’s president: Irving J. Selikoff, MD (1982–1992); Eula Bingham, PhD (1993–1997); Phillip J. Landrigan, MD, MSc (1998–2021); anMelissa McDiarmid, MD, MPH, DABT(2022 to present). The organization's by-laws allow for 180 active fellows with an unlimited number of emeritus fellows. History Dr. Cesare Maltoni and Dr. Irvi ...
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Sydney Morning Herald
''The Sydney Morning Herald'' (''SMH'') is a daily tabloid newspaper published in Sydney, Australia, and owned by Nine Entertainment. Founded in 1831 as the ''Sydney Herald'', the ''Herald'' is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Australia and claims to be the most widely read masthead in the country. It is considered a newspaper of record for Australia. The newspaper is published in compact print form from Monday to Saturday as ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' and on Sunday as its sister newspaper, '' The Sun-Herald'' and digitally as an online site and app, seven days a week. The print edition of ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' is available for purchase from many retail outlets throughout the Sydney metropolitan area, most parts of regional New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South East Queensland. Overview ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' publishes a variety of supplements, including the magazines ''Good Weekend'' (included in the Saturday editi ...
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Sexual Intercourse
Sexual intercourse (also coitus or copulation) is a sexual activity typically involving the insertion of the Erection, erect male Human penis, penis inside the female vagina and followed by Pelvic thrust, thrusting motions for sexual pleasure, sexual reproduction, reproduction, or both.Sexual intercourse most commonly means penile–vaginal penetration for sexual pleasure or sexual reproduction; dictionary sources state that it especially means this, and scholarly sources over the years agree. See, for example; * * * * * * * * This is also known as vaginal intercourse or vaginal sex. Sexual penetration is an instinctive form of sexual behaviour and psychology among humans. Other forms of sexual penetration, penetrative sexual intercourse include anal sex (penetration of the Human anus, anus by the penis), oral sex (penetration of the mouth by the penis or oral penetration of the female genitalia), Fingering (sexual act), fingering (sexual penetration by the fingers) and ...
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Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a Breast lump, lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, Milk-rejection sign, milk rejection, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. In those with Metastatic breast cancer, distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin. Risk factors for developing breast cancer include obesity, a Sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical exercise, alcohol consumption, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, an early age at Menarche, first menstruation, having children late in life (or not at all), older age, having a prior history of breast cancer, and a family history of breast cancer. About five to ten percent of cases are the result of an inherited genetic predisposition, including BRCA mutation, ''BRCA'' mutations among others. Breast ...
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New York City
New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive with a respective county. The city is the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the United States by both population and urban area. New York is a global center of finance and commerce, culture, technology, entertainment and media, academics, and scientific output, the arts and fashion, and, as home to the headquarters of the United Nations, international diplomacy. With an estimated population in 2024 of 8,478,072 distributed over , the city is the most densely populated major city in the United States. New York City has more than double the population of Los Angeles, the nation's second-most populous city.
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Hippocrates
Hippocrates of Kos (; ; ), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician and philosopher of the Classical Greece, classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is traditionally referred to as the "Father of Medicine" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field, such as the use of prognosis and clinical observation, the systematic categorization of diseases, and the (however misguided) formulation of Humorism, humoral theory. His studies set out the basic ideas of modern-day specialties, including surgery, urology, neurology, acute medicine and Orthopedic surgery, orthopedics. The Hippocratic school of medicine revolutionized ancient Greek medicine, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields with which it had traditionally been associated (theurgy and philosophy), thus establishing medicine as a profession. However, the achievements of the writers of the Hippocratic Corpus, the practitioners ...
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