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Bernardino Fernández De Velasco, 14th Duke Of Frías
Bernardino Fernández de Velasco-Pacheco y Benavides, 14th Duke of Frías, Grandee of Spain, KOGF (1783 in Madrid – 1851) was a Spanish noble, politician, diplomat and writer who served in 1838 as Prime Minister of Spain. He was one of the most important Spanish nobles of his time, and held, among other titles, the dukedoms of Frías, Escalona and Uceda, the Marquisates of Villena and Berlanga, and the Countships of Alba de Liste, Oropesa and Peñaranda de Bracamonte. Biography Son of the Afrancesado (pro-French) XIII Duke of Frías, Diego Fernández de Velasco, who died in France in 1811, and his wife Francisca de Paula de Benavides de Córdoba. He joined the Walloon Guards around 1796 at the age of just thirteen, becoming a lieutenant at 19, circa 1802. He first participated in the Invasion of Portugal (1807) alongside the French army, but then deserted to join the Spanish resistance during the War of Independence, unlike his father who took part in the commissi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Most Excellent
The Most Excellent ( (male) or (female), literally "Most Excellent Lord/Lady") is an honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain people in Spain and certain Spanish-speaking countries. Following Spanish tradition, it is an '' ex officio'' style (the holder has it as long as they remain in office, in the most important positions of state) and is used in written documents and very formal occasions. The prefix is similar (but not equal) to that of " His/Her Excellency", but in the 19th century "The Most Excellent" began to replace the former. The use of the prefix Excellency was re-introduced in Francoist Spain by '' Generalísimo'' Francisco Franco himself, who was formally styled as '' Su Excelencia el Jefe del Estado'' ("His Excellency the Head of State"), while his ministers and senior government officials continued using the prefix "The Most Excellent". The prefix " The Most Illustrious" (''Ilustrísimo/a Señor/a)'' is the lower version, and is mostly used for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afrancesado
''Afrancesado'' (, ; "Francophile" or "turned- French", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the Spanish and Portuguese partisan of Enlightenment ideas, Liberalism, or the French Revolution, that supported Napoleon's occupation as a means to implant these ideas in Spain. In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the French occupation of Iberia (Portugal and Spain), preferring the reforms of the " enlightened despots" Napoleon I and his brother Joseph Bonaparte (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.Joes, Anthony James''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019. Spain Origins In Spain, the term ''afrancesado'' surfaced during the reign of Charles III, and had a neutral meaning, being used to designate those who followed French fash ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Carlist War
The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1840, the first of three Carlist Wars. It was fought between two factions over the succession to the throne and the nature of the Monarchy of Spain, Spanish monarchy: the conservative and devolutionist supporters of the late king's brother, Infante Carlos, Count of Molina, Carlos de Borbón (or ''Carlos V''), became known as Carlism, Carlists (''carlistas''), while the progressive and centralist supporters of the regent, Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies, Maria Christina, acting for Isabella II of Spain, were called Liberals (''liberales''), ''cristinos'' or ''isabelinos''. Aside from being a war of succession about the question who the rightful successor to King Ferdinand VII of Spain was, the Carlists' goal was the return to an absolute monarchy, while the Liberals sought to defend the constitutional monarchy. It was the largest and most deadly civil war in nineteenth-century Europe and fought by more men than the Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Martínez De La Rosa
Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Cornejo (March 10, 1787 – February 7, 1862) was a Spanish statesman and dramatist and the first prime minister of Spain to receive the title of ''President of the Council of Ministers''. He became Prime Minister in the opening months of the First Carlist War and his liberal government oversaw the promulgation of a new Spanish constitution: the Spanish Royal Statute of 1834. Biography He was born at Granada, and educated at the university there. He won popularity with a series of epigrams on local celebrities published under the title of ''El Cementerio de momo''. During the struggle against Napoleon he took the patriotic side, was elected deputy, and at Cadiz produced his first play, ''Lo que puede un empleo'', a prose comedy in the manner of the younger Leandro Fernández de Moratín. ''La Viuda de Padilia'' (1814), a tragedy modelled upon Alfieri, was less acceptable to the Spanish public. Meanwhile, the author became more and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Peers (Spain)
The House of Peers (Spanish: ''Estamento de Próceres'') was the upper house in the Spanish ''Cortes'' between 1834 and 1836. The House was created by the Royal Statue of 1834 which created a bicameral parliament with two houses: the House of Peers and the House of Representatives (''Estamento de Procuradores''). After 1837, the houses of the ''Cortes Generales'' were named Senate and Congress of Deputies. Members were Grandee Grandee (; , ) is an official royal and noble ranks, aristocratic title conferred on some Spanish nobility. Holders of this dignity enjoyed similar privileges to those of the peerage of France during the , though in neither country did they ha ...s. References {{Spain-stub Defunct upper houses Government of Spain 1834 establishments in Spain 1836 disestablishments in Spain * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ominous Decade
The Ominous Decade (Spanish language: ''Década Ominosa'') is a term for the last ten years of the reign of King Ferdinand VII of Spain, dating from the abolition of the Spanish Constitution of 1812, on 1 October 1823, to his death on 29 September 1833. Background Ferdinand VII had become king after the victorious end of the Peninsular War, by which Spain, and allies such as Great Britain, defeated Napoleonic France. He returned to Spain on 24 March 1814 and his first act was the abolition of the 1812 liberal constitution; this was followed by the dissolution of the two chambers of the Spanish Parliament on 10 May. These were only the first moves towards a severe anti-liberal reaction, which caused a series of military riots, started in January 1820 by General Rafael del Riego. The monarch was forced to reintroduce the Spanish Constitution of 1812, with a solemn oath during a ceremony in Madrid on 10 March 1820. This began the so-called ''Trienio Liberal'' ("Liberal Triennium", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Ambassador In London
This is a List of Ambassadors of Spain to England and to the United Kingdom Introduction Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor sent ambassadors to England representing the Empire, as well as Spain. When the Catholic Reformation began, Spain was in the opposite camp to Protestant England. In the second half of the seventeenth century, Spain sometimes supported the English because, like them, it feared the hegemony in Europe that France and its king Louis XIV had achieved after the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659). After the Frenchman Philip of Anjou became King of Spain in 1700, during most of the eighteenth century, Spain again stood on the side of France, and was an opponent of Great Britain. It was not until the French Revolution that the two conservative countries, Spain and Great Britain, reconciled against the revolutionaries. Spanish ambassadors, envoys and ministers plenipotentiary to England (1514–1707) 15th century * 1483-1483 Jofre de Sasiola (1st term) * 1485-1489 Rodri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trienio Liberal
The , () or Three Liberal Years, was a period of three years in Spain between 1820 and 1823 when a liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael del Riego against the absolutist rule of Ferdinand VII. It ended in 1823 when, with the approval of the crowned heads of Europe, a French army invaded Spain and reinstated the King's absolute power. This invasion is known in France as the "Spanish Expedition" () and in Spain as the " Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis." Revolution of Cabezas de San Juan King Ferdinand VII provoked widespread unrest, particularly in the army, by refusing to accept the liberal Spanish Constitution of 1812. The King sought to reclaim the Spanish colonies in the Americas that had recently revolted successfully, consequently depriving Spain of an essential source of revenue. In January 1820, soldiers assembled at Cádiz for an expedition to South America, angry over infrequent pay, bad foo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexenio Absolutista , Spain
{{disambig ...
Sexenio is the Spanish term for a period of six years. It may also refer to: * Sexenio (Mexico), the six-year term limit on the Mexican presidency and state governments * Sexenio (Bolivia) (1946–1952), the six-year period in the history of Bolivia that preceded the 1952 Revolution * Sexenio Democrático (Spain) (1868–1874), the period from the overthrow of Queen Isabella II to the Bourbon Restoration in Spain See also * , a festival held in Morella, Castellón Morella () is an ancient walled city located on a hill-top in the province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. The town is the capital and administrative centre of the '' comarca'' of Els Ports, in the historic Maestrat (Maestrazgo) r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Constitution Of 1812
The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy (), also known as the Constitution of Cádiz () and nicknamed ''La Pepa'', was the first Constitution of Spain and one of the earliest codified constitutions in world history. The Constitution was ratified on 19 March 1812 by the Cortes of Cádiz, the first Spanish legislature that included delegates from the entire nation and its possessions, including Spanish America and the Philippines. "It defined Spanish and Spanish American liberalism for the early 19th century." With the notable exception of proclaiming Roman Catholicism as the official and sole legal religion in Spain, the Constitution was one of the most liberal of its time: it affirmed national sovereignty, separation of powers, freedom of the press, free enterprise, abolished corporate privileges ( ''fueros''), and established a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. It was one of the first constitutions that allowed universal male suffrage, with some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayonne Statute
The Bayonne Statute (),Ignacio Fernández Sarasola, Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. Retrieved 2010-03-12. also called the Bayonne Constitution () or the Bayonne Charter (), was a constitution or a royal charter () approved in Bayonne, France, 6 July 1808, by Joseph Bonaparte as the intended basis for his rule as king of Spain. The constitution was Bonapartist in overall conception, with some specific concessions made in an attempt to accommodate Spanish culture. Few of its provisions were ever put into effect: his reign as Joseph I of Spain was largely consumed by continuous conventional and guerrilla war as part of the Peninsular War. Background In 1808, after a period of shaky alliance between the Spanish '' Antiguo Régimen'' and the Napoleonic French First Empire, the Mutiny of Aranjuez (17 March 1808) removed the king's minister Manuel de Godoy, Prince of the Peace, and led to the abdication of king Charles IV of Spain (19 March 1808). His son Ferdinand VII bri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1808–1814) was fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. In Spain, it is considered to overlap with the Spanish War of Independence. The war can be said to have started when the First French Empire, French and History of Spain (1808–1874), Spanish armies Invasion of Portugal (1807), invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807 by transiting through Kingdom of Spain (1810-1873), Spain, but it escalated in 1808 after First French Empire, Napoleonic France occupied History of Spain (1808–1874), Spain, which had been its ally. Napoleon Bonaparte Abdications of Bayonne, forced the abdications of Ferdinand VII of Spain, Ferdinand VII and his father Charles IV of Spain, Charles IV and then installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne and promulgated the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
