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Berber Dahir
The document known as the Berber Dahir (, , formally: ) is a ''dhahir'' (decree) created by the French protectorate in Morocco on May 16, 1930. This ''Dahir'' changed the legal system in parts of Morocco where Amazigh languages were primarily spoken, while the legal system in the rest of the country remained the way it had been before the French invasion. Sultan Muhammad V signed the ''Dahir'' under no duress, though he was only 20 years old at the time. The new legal system in Amazigh communities would ostensibly be based on local and centuries-old Amazigh laws inherited and evolved throughout the millennia of the Islamic conquest of North Africa rather than Islamic Sharia. According to pan-Arabist activists, the French colonial authorities sought to facilitate their takeover of the Berber tribes' property while maintaining a legal cover. The Berber Dahir was based on the colonial Kabyle myth, and reinforced a dichotomy in popular Moroccan historiography: the division of the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moroccan Dahir
A Dahir ( ar, ظهير, translit=Ẓahīr) is a Moroccan King's decree. Examples * June 4, 1864, promoting free trade with foreign countries * November, 1892, Establishing the first cherifan organized postal service * February, 1907, dahir establishing the monopolistic powers in issuing currency the Moroccan state Bank * August 12, 1913 - Criminal proceedings * March 11, 1915 - Education * November 17, 1915 - Creation of the 5-branch Seal of Solomon Flag of Morocco. *November 8, 1919 - Creation of ''Compagnie de Transports au Maroc'' * November 1, 1926 - Bibliothèque Générale et Archives (the Moroccan national library) becomes a public establishment. * May 16, 1930 - Berber justice (known as Berber Dahir) * April 26, 1956 – Establishment of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. * May 16, 1956 - Establishment of the General Directorate for National Security (State police) * July 16, 1957 - trade unions * September 6, 1958 - Moroccan nationality code * July 21, 1959 - Founding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shakib Arslan
Shakib Arslan ( ar, شكيب أرسلان, 25 December 1869 – 9 December 1946) was a Druze prince (amir) in Lebanon who was known as ' (Arabic for "Prince of Eloquence") because in addition to being a politician, he was also an influential writer, poet and historian. A prolific author, he penned some 20 books and 2000 articles, to which can be added two collections of poetry and a "prodigious correspondence." Influenced by the ideas of al-Afghani and Muhammad Abduh, Arslan became a strong supporter of the Pan-Islamic policies of Abdul Hamid II. An Arab nationalist, Arslan was an advocate for pan-Maghrebism (the unification of Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco). He also advocated the proposition that the survival of the Ottoman Empire was the only guarantee against the division of the ummah and its occupation by the European imperial powers. To Arslan, Ottomanism and Islam were closely bound together and the reform of Islam would naturally lead to the revival of the Ottoman Empire. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berber History
, image = File:Berber_flag.svg , caption = The Berber ethnic flag , population = 36 million , region1 = Morocco , pop1 = 14 million to 18 million , region2 = Algeria , pop2 = 9 million to ~13 million , region3 = Mauritania , pop3 = 2.9 million , region4 = Niger , pop4 = 2.6 million, Niger: 11% of 23.6 million , region5 = France , pop5 = 2 million , region6 = Mali , pop6 = 850,000 , region7 = Libya , pop7 = 600,000 , region8 = Belgium , pop8 = 500,000 (including descendants) , region9 = Netherlands , pop9 = 467,455 (including descendants) , region10 = Burkina Faso , pop10 = 406,271, Burkina Faso: 1.9% of 21.4 million , region11 = Egypt , pop11 = 23,000 or 1,826,580 , region12 = Tunisia , pop12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Al-Muqri
Haj Muhammad Ben Abdessalam al-Muqri (, February 2, 1854 – September 9, 1957) was a senior Moroccan official of the late 19th and early 20th century. He was an adviser and grand vizier to several sultans of Morocco, including under French colonial domination. Early life Muhammad Al-Muqri came from a well-known family whose descendants successively held government portfolios in Morocco. They trace their lineage back to 16th and 17th century historian and statesman Ahmed al-Moqri who, coming from Tlemcen in Algeria, had settled in Fes then in Marrakesh to serve under Saadi Sultan Ahmed Al-Mansur Al-Dhahabi.Muhammad al-Moqri was born in Oujda (February 1851) to Abdesallam al-Moqri (1830–1903), who held the position of ''Lamin'' of Moulay Hafid, and a Fassi woman from the Zghari family. Career He began his career in government during the reign of Muhammad IV of Morocco, the father of Hassan I of Morocco. During this period of time, al-Muqri is alleged to have attended ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad V of Algiers
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Mohamed V may refer to: * Al-Mu'tazz, sometimes referred to as ''Muhammad V'', was the Abbasid caliph (from 866 to 869). * Muhammed V of Granada (1338–1391), Sultan of Granada * Mehmed V (1848–1918), 39th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire * Mohammed V of Morocco (1909–1961), king of Morocco ** Mohamed V Dam, located in Morocco and named after the above ** Mohammed V University, located in Rabat * Muhammad V of Delhi (died 1557) * Muhammad V of Kelantan (born 1969), Sultan of Kelantan and 15th King of Malaysia * Baba Mohammed ben-Osman (1710-1791), also known as Mohammed V, Dey Dey (Arabic: داي), from the Turkish honorific title ''dayı'', literally meaning uncle, was the title given to the rulers of the Ottoman Algeria, Regency of Algiers (Algeria), Tripoli, Libya, Tripoli,Bertarelli (1929), p. 203. and Ottoman Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Law
The Law of France refers to the legal system in the French Republic, which is a civil law legal system primarily based on legal codes and statutes, with case law also playing an important role. The most influential of the French legal codes is the Napoleonic Civil Code, which inspired the civil codes of Europe and later across the world. The Constitution of France adopted in 1958 is the supreme law in France. European Union law is becoming increasingly important in France, as in other EU member states. In academic terms, French law can be divided into two main categories: private law (''Droit privé'') and public law (''droit public''). This differs from the traditional common law concepts in which the main distinction is between criminal law and civil law. Private law governs relationships between individuals. It includes, in particular: * Civil law ('). This branch refers to the field of private law in common law systems. This branch encompasses the fields of inheritance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yusef Of Morocco
''Moulay'' Yusef ben Hassan ( ar, مولاي يوسف بن الحسن), born in Meknes on 1882 and died in Fes on 1927, was the Alaouite sultan of Morocco from 1912 to 1927. He was the son of Hassan ben Mohammed. Life Moulay Yusef was born in the city of Meknes to Sultan Hassan I. The identity of his mother is conflicted some sources note Lalla Um al-Khair as his mother, her last name is not recorded. Since she is the mother of his twin brother Moulay Mohammed al-Tahar. Some other sources state Lalla Ruqiya as his mother, her last name is not recorded either, she is cited as a Circassian slave from Syria. Sources claim this woman to be the favorite of his father, a harem slave concubine of Circassian origins according to some or Georgian origins according to others. Lalla Ruqiya might as well have been confused with Aisha the favorite of Hassan I a Georgian slave concubine bought in Syria by the ''vizir'' Sidi Gharnat and brought to the Sultan’s harem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Law
In law, common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions."The common law is not a brooding omnipresence in the sky, but the articulate voice of some sovereign or quasi sovereign that can be identified," ''Southern Pacific Company v. Jensen'', 244 U.S. 205, 222 (1917) (Oliver Wendell Holmes, dissenting). By the early 20th century, legal professionals had come to reject any idea of a higher or natural law, or a law above the law. The law arises through the act of a sovereign, whether that sovereign speaks through a legislature, executive, or judicial officer. The defining characteristic of common law is that it arises as precedent. Common law courts look to the past decisions of courts to synthesize the legal principles of past cases. '' Stare decisis'', the principle that cases should be decided according to consistent principled rules so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hubert Lyautey
Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey (17 November 1854 – 27 July 1934) was a French Army general and colonial administrator. After serving in Indochina and Madagascar, he became the first French Resident-General in Morocco from 1912 to 1925. Early in 1917 he served briefly as Minister of War. From 1921 he was a Marshal of France. He was dubbed the ''French empire builder'', and in 1931 made the cover of ''Time''. Early life Lyautey was born in Nancy, capital of Lorraine. His father was a prosperous engineer, and his grandfather a highly decorated Napoleonic general. His mother was a Norman aristocrat, and Lyautey inherited many of her assumptions: monarchism, patriotism, Catholicism and belief in the moral and political importance of the elite.Aldrich 1996, p134 In 1873 he entered the French military academy of Saint-Cyr. He attended the army training school in early 1876, and in December 1877 was made a lieutenant. After graduating from St Cyr, two months holiday in Algeria in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the Muhammad in Islam, main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) "[T]he Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the Major religious groups, world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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