|
Benzhydryl Radical Ball
The benzhydryl compounds are a group of organic compounds whose parent structures include diphenylmethane (which is two benzene rings connected by a single methane), with any number of attached substituents, including bridges. This group typically excludes compounds in which either benzene is fused to another ring (bicyclic, tricyclic, polycyclic) or includes a heteroatom, or where the methane connects to three or four benzenes. The benzhydryl '' radical'' can be abbreviated or Bzh. Carboaromatic Alcohols *''Acyclic:'' pridinol *''Pyrolidino:'' diphenylprolinol *''2-Piperidine:'' pipradrol *''4-Piperidine:'' terfenadine, fexofenadine *''Benzilic ester:'' QNB, JB-336, JB-318, benactyzine Alkenes *''Tricycle:'' amitriptyline, melitracen, cyclobenzaprine, tianeptine, amineptine, clopenthixol, chlorprothixene, flupentixol, thiothixene, zuclopenthixol *''Tricyclic and piperidine:'' pimethixene Pimethixene is an antihistamine and anticholinergic of the thioxanthene chemical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diphenylmethane2
Diphenylmethane is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2CH2 (often abbreviated ). The compound consists of methane wherein two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two phenyl groups. It is a white solid. Diphenylmethane is a common skeleton in organic chemistry. The diphenylmethyl group is also known as ''benzhydryl''. Synthesis It is prepared by the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of benzyl chloride with benzene in the presence of a Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride: :C6H5CH2Cl + C6H6 → (C6H5)2CH2 + HCl Reactivity of the C-H bond The methylene group in diphenylmethane is mildly acidic with a p''K''a of 32.2, and so can be deprotonated with sodium amide. :(C6H5)2CH2 + NH2− → (C6H5)2CH− + NH3 The resulting carbanion can be alkylated. For example, treatment with ''n''-bromobutane produces 1,1-diphenylpentane in 92% yield. :(C6H5)2CH− + CH3CH2CH2CH2Br → (C6H5)2CHCH2CH2CH2CH3 + Br− Alkylation of various benzhydryl compounds has been demonst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pipradrol
Pipradrol (Meratran) is a mild central nervous system stimulant ( norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor) that is no longer widely used in most countries due to concerns about its abuse potential. Pipradrol is still used in some European countries and in the United States, albeit rarely. History Pipradrol was patented in 1949,Tilford, Charles H; Werner, Harold W (1953). and found use initially for treating obesity. It was subsequently used for the treatment of a variety of other conditions such as narcolepsy, ADHD, and most particularly for counteracting the symptoms of senile dementia, this being the only application for which it is still used medically. Pipradrol proved useful for these applications as its relatively mild stimulant effects gave it a good safety profile compared to stronger stimulants. It was also studied as an adjutant treatment for depression and schizophrenia although it was never widely used for these purposes. Pipradrol was made illegal in many count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene, sold under the brand name Truxal among others, is a typical antipsychotic of the thioxanthene group. Medical uses Chlorprothixene's principal indications are the treatment of psychotic disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) and of acute mania occurring as part of bipolar disorders. Other uses are pre- and postoperative states with anxiety and insomnia, severe nausea / emesis (in hospitalized patients), the amelioration of anxiety and agitation due to use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression and, off-label, the amelioration of alcohol and opioid withdrawal. It may also be used cautiously to treat nonpsychotic irritability, aggression, and insomnia in pediatric patients. An intrinsic antidepressant effect of chlorprothixene has been discussed, but not proven. Likewise, it is unclear if chlorprothixene has genuine (intrinsic) analgesic effects. However, chlorprothixene can be used as co-medication in severe chronic pain. Also, like most antipsych ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clopenthixol
Clopenthixol (Sordinol), also known as clopentixol, is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class. It was introduced by Lundbeck in 1961. Clopenthixol is a mixture of ''cis'' and ''trans'' isomers. Zuclopenthixol, the pure ''cis'' isomer, was later introduced by Lundbeck in 1962, and has been much more widely used. Both drugs are equally effective as antipsychotics and have similar adverse effect profiles, but clopenthixol is half as active on a milligram-to-milligram basis and appears to produce more sedation in comparison. Clopenthixol is not approved for use in the United States. See also * Typical antipsychotic * Thioxanthene Thioxanthene is a chemical compound in which the oxygen atom in xanthene is replaced with a sulfur atom. It is also related to phenothiazine. Several of its derivatives are used as typical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia and other ... References External links * Piperazines Chloroarenes Primary alco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amineptine
Amineptine, formerly sold under the brand name Survector among others, is an atypical antidepressant of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) family. It acts as a selective and mixed dopamine reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent, and to a lesser extent as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Amineptine was developed by the French Society of Medical research in the 1960s. Introduced in France in 1978 by the pharmaceutical company Servier, amineptine soon gained a reputation for abuse due to its short-lived, but pleasant, stimulant effect experienced by some patients. After its release into the European market, cases of hepatotoxicity emerged, some serious. This, along with the potential for abuse, led to the suspension of the French marketing authorization for Survector in 1999. Amineptine was never approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for marketing in the United States, meaning that it is not legal to market or sell amineptine for any medical uses in the U.S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tianeptine
Tianeptine, sold under the brand names Stablon and Coaxil among others, is an atypical antidepressant which is used mainly in the treatment of major depressive disorder, although it may also be used to treat anxiety, asthma, and irritable bowel syndrome. Tianeptine has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects with a relative lack of sedative, anticholinergic, and cardiovascular side effects. It has been found to act as an atypical agonist of the μ-opioid receptor with clinically negligible effects on the δ- and κ-opioid receptors. Tianeptine was discovered and patented by the French Society of Medical Research in the 1960s. Currently, tianeptine is approved in France and manufactured and marketed by Laboratories Servier SA; it is also marketed in a number of other European countries under the trade name Coaxil as well as in Asia (including Singapore) and Latin America as Stablon and Tatinol but it is not available in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, or the United Kingdom. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclobenzaprine (sold under the brand name Flexeril, among others) is a medication used for muscle spasms from musculoskeletal conditions of sudden onset. It is not useful in cerebral palsy. It is taken by mouth. Use is not recommended for more than a few weeks. Common side effects include headache, feeling tired, dizziness, and dry mouth. Serious side effects may include an irregular heartbeat. There is no evidence of harm in pregnancy, but it has not been well studied in this population. It should not be used with an MAO inhibitor. How it works is unclear. Cyclobenzaprine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1977. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 39th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 16million prescriptions. It was not available in the United Kingdom as of 2012. Medical use Cyclobenzaprine is used, in conjunction with physical therapy, to treat muscle spasms that occur because of acute m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melitracen
Melitracen (brand names Melixeran) is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), for the treatment of depression and anxiety. In addition to single drug preparations, it is also available as Deanxit, marketed by Lundbeck, a combination product containing both melitracen and flupentixol. The pharmacology of melitracen has not been properly investigated and is largely unknown, but it is likely to act in a similar manner to other TCAs. Indeed, melitracen is reported to have imipramine and amitriptyline-like effects and efficacy against depression and anxiety, though with improved tolerability and a somewhat faster onset of action. See also * Fluotracen * Litracen Litracen (N-7,049) is a tricyclic antidepressant which was never marketed. See also * Fluotracen * Melitracen Melitracen (brand names Melixeran) is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), for the treatment of depression and anxiety. In addition ... * Dimetacrine References Dimethylamino compounds Anthracenes Tri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline, sold under the brand name Elavil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant primarily used to treat cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), major depressive disorder and a variety of pain syndromes from neuropathic pain to fibromyalgia to migraine and tension headaches. Due to the frequency and prominence of side effects, amitriptyline is generally considered a second-line therapy for these indications. The most common side effects are dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, and weight gain. Of note is sexual dysfunction, observed primarily in males. Glaucoma, liver toxicity and abnormal heart rhythms are rare but serious side effects. Blood levels of amitriptyline vary significantly from one person to another, and amitriptyline interacts with many other medications potentially aggravating its side effects. Amitriptyline was discovered in the late 1950s by scientists at Merck and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1961. It is on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benactyzine
Benactyzine is an anticholinergic drug that was used as an antidepressant in the treatment of depression and associated anxiety before it was pulled from the U.S. market by the FDA due to its ineffectiveness. Its use for these indications was limited by side effects such as dry mouth and nausea, and at high doses it can cause more severe symptoms such as deliriant and hallucinogenic effects. "Large doses of benactyzine in normal subjects may produce a state resembling the action of mescaline or LSD." Brand names have included: Suavitil, Phebex, Phobex, Cedad, Cevanol, Deprol, Lucidil, Morcain, Nutinal, Parasan. While there was some tentative evidence of effectiveness when combined with meprobamate Meprobamate—marketed as Miltown by Wallace Laboratories and Equanil by Wyeth, among others—is a carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic drug. It was the best-selling minor tranquilizer for a time, but has largely been replaced by the be ..., with the medication no longer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N-Methyl-3-piperidyl Benzilate
''N''-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate (JB-336 or LBJ) is an anticholinergic drug related to the chemical warfare agent 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate. ''N''-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate is less potent and shorter acting than 3-quinuclidyl benzilate, but like 3-QNB its effects on the central nervous system predominate over peripheral effects. It produces deliriant and hallucinogenic effects similar to those of plants such as datura and may be used recreationally at low doses; however, unpleasant side effects such as dysphoria, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and extreme dry mouth tend to make abuse of drugs of this kind uncommon. Both the N-methyl and N-ethyl analogues of 3-piperidyl benzilate are, however, Schedule I controlled drugs. Radiolabelled versions of this drug are used in scientific research to map the distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain. Methylation of JB-336 gives the quat salt, Mepenzolate bromide. See also * N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
