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Belgian Legion (1792)
The Belgian Legion (french: Légion belge or ''Légion belgique'') was a military unit within the French Revolutionary army composed of volunteers from the Austrian Netherlands in modern-day Belgium. Its volunteers, predominantly Vonckists, were émigrés from the failed Brabant Revolution (1789–90) and among the 12,000 Belgians who served in the French Revolutionary armies. It was one of a number of separate Belgian "legions", the most important of which were the Belgian Legion, the Liégeois Legion, and the Legion of Belgians and Liégeois. Formed in 1792, the Belgian Legion was initially commanded by Colonel Jacques Leunckens who had previously served during the Brabant Revolution as an aide to General Jean-André van der Mersch. It comprised two battalions. The first was commanded by Jean-Baptiste Dumonceau and served in Champagne. The second battalion fought in the Siege of Lille in 1792. The future general, Louis Lahure, is believed to have served with the Belgian Legio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIege De Lille Gaston Melingue
A siege is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or a well-prepared assault. This derives from la, sedere, lit=to sit. Siege warfare is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static, defensive position. Consequently, an opportunity for negotiation between combatants is common, as proximity and fluctuating advantage can encourage diplomacy. The art of conducting and resisting sieges is called siege warfare, siegecraft, or poliorcetics. A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a quick assault, and which refuses to surrender. Sieges involve surrounding the target to block the provision of supplies and the reinforcement or escape of troops (a tactic known as "investment"). This is typically coupled with attempts to reduce the fortifications by means of siege engines, artillery bombardment, mining (also known as sapping), or the use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-André Van Der Mersch
Jean-André is a French masculine given name. It may refer to: * Jean-André Cuoq (1821–1898), French philologist * Jean-André Deluc (1727–1817), Swiss geologist and meteorologist * Jean-André Mongez (1750–1788), French priest and mineralogist * Jean-André Rixens (1846–1925), French painter See also * Jean (male given name) * André André — sometimes transliterated as Andre — is the French and Portuguese form of the name Andrew, and is now also used in the English-speaking world. It used in France, Quebec, Canada and other French-speaking countries. It is a variation o ... {{given name French masculine given names Compound given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volunteer Units And Formations Of The French Revolutionary Wars
Volunteering is a voluntary act of an individual or group freely giving time and labor for community service. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others serve on an as-needed basis, such as in response to a natural disaster. Etymology and history The verb was first recorded in 1755. It was derived from the noun ''volunteer'', in 1600, "one who offers himself for military service," from the Middle French ''voluntaire''. In the non-military sense, the word was first recorded during the 1630s. The word ''volunteering'' has more recent usage—still predominantly military—coinciding with the phrase ''community service''. In a military context, a volunteer army is a military body whose soldiers chose to enter service, as opposed to having been conscripted. Such volunteers do not work "for free" and are given regular pay. 19th century During this time, America experienced the Great Awakening. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batavian Legion
{{Unreferenced, date=June 2019, bot=noref (GreenC bot) The Batavian Legion (''légion batave'' or ''légion franche étrangère batave'') was a unit of Dutch volunteers under French command, created and dissolved in 1793. History The project to regroup the supporters of the Patriot Revolt in exile in France at the end of the 1780s was born in December 1791. The Patriots' initial idea was to form the embryo of a Dutch national army, on the French model, so as to set up and support a Batavian republic and replace the Dutch Republic's pseudo-monarchy under stadtholder William V of Orange-Nassau. However, France was not yet at war with the Dutch Republic and the French government rejected the idea of a Batavian legion. A second petition to the Legislative Assembly in May 1792, at the time the Belgian Legion (1792) was forming, did not meet with success. It took until February 1793 and the Dutch Republic's entry into the war against France for the Batavian Legion to get off the groun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee Of United Belgians And Liégeois
The Committee of United Belgians and Liégeois ( nl, Comité der Vereenigde Nederlanders en Luykenaers; french: Comité général des Belges et Liégeois Unis) or United Committee of Both Nations ( nl, Vereenigd Comité der beyde Natien) was a political committee in Revolutionary France which brought together leaders of the failed Brabant and Liège Revolutions (1789–1791) who sought to create an independent republic in Belgium. Goals The Committee stated in its ''Manifesto of the United Belgians and Liégeois'' (published in French and Dutch), that although the desired revolution had failed, another opportunity should be awaited to 'liberate the fatherland'. The Committee stated that a revolution was necessary because: all citizens are equal and collectively have popular sovereignty. Constitution A constitution, largely based on the French Constitution of 1791, should guarantee this civil equality and sovereignty. Among other things, it: * included a modified Declarat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Lahure
Louis Joseph Lahure (29 November 1767 – 24 October 1853) was a general in the service of the First French Republic and First French Empire. Biography Early life Louis Joseph Lahure was born on 29 November 1767 in Mons in the Austrian Netherlands.Henri Lambert, ''Accusé Pichegru, levez-vous: gloire et misère d'un grand soldat : Jean-Charles Pichegru, 1761-1804'', Bordeaux: Les Dossiers d'Aquitaine, 2004, p. 9/ref>Jules Gheude, ''Lettre à un ami français: De la disparition de la Belgique'', Paris: Mon Petit Éditeur, 2013, p. 1/ref> He was the son of Nicolas Lahure and Marie-Thérèse du Buisson. He had a brother, Germain Lahure. He studied at the Old University of Leuven. Career Lahure served in the Brabant Revolution in 1787. He moved to Lille in France in 1790. He served in the Army of the North under General Nicolas Luckner. He served in the Army of Sambre-et-Meuse. He became a general. Occupying Holland in January 1795, the French continental army learn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Lille (1792)
The siege of Lille (25 September – 8 October 1792) saw a Republican French garrison under Jean-Baptiste André Ruault de La Bonnerie hold Lille against an assault by a Habsburg army commanded by Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen. Though the city was fiercely bombarded, the French successfully withstood the Austrian attack in the action. Because the Austrians were unable to completely encircle the city, the French were able to continuously send in reinforcements. After news of the French victory over the Prussians at Valmy, Albert withdrew his troops and siege cannons. The next battle was at Jemappes in November. The Column of the Goddess monument was completed in 1845 to commemorate the siege. Historic defenses After the Kingdom of France captured Lille in 1668, the famous military engineer Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban was ordered to improve its defenses. The five-sided citadel was constructed between 1668 and 1672 at a cost of 1,500,000 florins and the result was announced b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Champagne
Champagne (, ) is a sparkling wine originated and produced in the Champagne wine region of France under the rules of the appellation, that demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, specific grape-pressing methods and secondary fermentation (wine), secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to cause carbonation. The grapes Pinot noir, Pinot meunier, and Chardonnay are used to produce almost all Champagne, but small amounts of Pinot blanc, Pinot gris (called Fromenteau in Champagne), Arbane, and Petit Meslier are vinified as well. Champagne became associated with royalty in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The leading manufacturers made efforts to associate their Champagnes with nobility and royal family, royalty through advertising and packaging, which led to its popularity among the emerging middle class. Origins Still wines from the Champagne region were known before Middle Ages, medieval times. The Anci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Baptiste Dumonceau
Count Jean-Baptiste Dumonceau de Bergendal (7 November 1760 – 29 December 1821) was a general from the Southern Netherlands, in the service of France and the Netherlands. Life At first destined for a career as an architect (for which he showed a marked disposition), he fought in his first battles in 1788 as a volunteer in the ''Canaris'' (after its uniform's colour) cavalry regiment during the Brabant Revolution. He became a lieutenant colonel in that unit in November 1789. After the revolution was stopped in 1790, he fled and offered the First French Republic his services, commanding a battalion of the Belgian Legion, fighting at Jemappes and rising to général de brigade in 1793 after his defence of the approaches to Lille against the young comte de Bouillé. Fighting in the invasion of the Dutch Republic under general Pichegru in 1795, he moved to the Batavian Republic's army as a lieutenant-general. In 1796 he commanding the troops protecting the provinces of Groningen, F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battalion
A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of 300 to 1,200 soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel, and subdivided into a number of companies (usually each commanded by a major or a captain). In some countries, battalions are exclusively infantry, while in others battalions are unit-level organizations. The word battalion came into the English language in the 16th century from the French language ( French: ''bataillon'' meaning "battle squadron"; Italian: ''battaglione'' meaning the same thing; derived from the Vulgar Latin word ''battalia'' meaning "battle" and from the Latin word ''bauttere'' meaning "to beat" or "to strike"). The first use of the word in English was in the 1580s. Description A battalion comprises two or more primary mission companies which are often of a common type (e.g., infantry, tank, or maintenance), although there are exceptions such as combined arms battalions in the U.S. Army. In addition to the primary mission companies, a battal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legion Of Belgians And Liégeois
The Legion of Belgians and Liégeois (french: Légion des Belges et Liégeois) was a military unit within the French Revolutionary army composed of volunteers from the Austrian Netherlands and Prince-Bishopric of Liège in modern-day Belgium. Its volunteers were émigrés from the failed Brabant (1789–90) and Liège revolutions (1789–91) and among the 12,000 Belgians who served in the French Revolutionary armies. Formed in 1792, it was the third and largest of the Belgian volunteer "legions" recruited among revolutionary sympathizers. It was commanded by Charles-Joseph de Nozières d'Envezin, Count de Rosières and, at its height, numbered six battalions. Other notable formations included the Liégeois Legion (''Légion liégeoise'') and the Belgian Legion (''Légion belgique''), both of which numbered two battalions. See also *Committee of United Belgians and Liégeois The Committee of United Belgians and Liégeois ( nl, Comité der Vereenigde Nederlanders en Luykenaers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French ( Francien) largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the ( Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is an official language in 29 countries across multiple continents, most of which are members of the ''Organisation internationale de la Francophonie'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
