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Battles Of The Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)
Chronological listing of the battles of the Battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) List of Battles ''Key: (R) – Russian victory; (O) – Ottoman victory; (I) – Inconclusive'' 1877 * June 26 – Battle of Simnitza; Russians begin crossing the Danube River (R) * June 26 – Battle of Svistov; Russians reduce fortress and move on to Nicopolis, Nikopol (R) * July 12 - Battle of Elena, Battle of Elena I (O) * July 16 – Battle of Nikopol; Russians move into Bulgaria (R) * July 17 – Battle of Shipka Pass, Battle of Shipka Pass I; Russians capture Shipka Pass (R) * July 20 – Siege of Plevna begins (R) * July 20 - Siege of Plevna#First battle, First battle of Plevna Ottomans repulse the Russian attack (O) * July 31 - Siege of Plevna#Second battle, Second battle of Plevna Ottomans repulse the Russian attack (O) * August 21 – Second Battle of Shipka Pass, Battle of Shipka Pass II; Russians repulse Ottoman attack on Shipka Pass (R) * August 25 – Battle of Kızıl Tepe; R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Simnitza
The Battle of Simnitza took place between the Russians and the Ottoman Empire, Turks fought on 26 June 1877 at Svishtov (Sistova), on the right bank of the Danube in present-day Veliko Tarnovo Province, Bulgaria. The Russians won the battle and occupied Sistova on 27 June. The Russians were led by Field Marshal Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1831–1891), Grand Duke Nicholas. Simnitza, which is located on the northern bank of the Danube, across the river from Svishtov, is today more usually spelled according to Romanian usage as Zimnicea. References See also *Battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) Battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) June 1877 events {{Ottoman-batt ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Aladzha
The Battle of Aladzha ( tr, Alacadağ Muharebesi, lit=Battle of Alacadağ; russian: Авлияр-Аладжинское сражение, lit=Battle of Avliyar–Aladzha) was a key battle of the Caucasian campaign of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. Russian troops broke through the defenses of the Turkish troops on the Aladzhin heights, which allowed them to seize the initiative and begin the siege of Kars The siege of Kars was the last major operation of the Crimean War. In June 1855, attempting to alleviate pressure on the defence of Sevastopol, Emperor Alexander II ordered General Nikolay Muravyov to lead his troops against areas of Ottoman .... References Bibliography * James Reid, 2000: ''Crisis of the Ottoman Empire: Prelude to Collapse 1839-1878''. Franz Steiner Verlag * Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Paşa, Eski Yazıdan Aktaran, 1996: ''Sergüzeşt-i Hayatım'ın Cildi-i Sanisi''. Yücel Demirel: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları External links Great Russian Encyclop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. The city straddles the Bosporus strait, lying in both Europe and Asia, and has a population of over 15 million residents, comprising 19% of the population of Turkey. Istanbul is the list of European cities by population within city limits, most populous European city, and the world's List of largest cities, 15th-largest city. The city was founded as Byzantium ( grc-gre, Βυζάντιον, ) in the 7th century BCE by Ancient Greece, Greek settlers from Megara. In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome ( grc-gre, Νέα Ῥώμη, ; la, Nova Roma) and then as Constantinople () after himself. The city grew in size and influence, eventually becom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Philippopolis (1878)
The Battle of Plovdiv, or Battle of Philippopolis,Stanley Sandler, ''Ground Warfare: An International Encyclopedia'', ABC-CLIO, 2002p. 690./ref> was one of the final battles of the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War. Following the crushing Russian victory at the last battle of Shipka Pass, Russian commander Gen. Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko began to move southeast towards Constantinople. Blocking the route was the Ottoman fortress at Plovdiv under Suleiman Pasha. On 16 January 1878, a squadron of Russian dragoons led by Captain Alexander Burago stormed the city. Its defenses were strong but superior Russian numbers overwhelmed them and the Ottoman forces retreated almost to Constantinople. At this time foreign powers intervened and Russia agreed to the Treaty of San Stefano. Gallery File:Burago.jpg, The Monument to the Liberation of Plovdiv File:Aleksandr Burago monument%2C Plovdiv%2C Bulgaria 4.jpg, Captain Aleksandr Burago's monument in Plovdiv References * ''Compton's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fourth Battle Of Shipka Pass
The Battle of Shipka Pass consisted of four battles that were fought between the Russian Empire, aided by Bulgarian volunteers known as opalchentsi, and the Ottoman Empire for control over the vital Shipka Pass during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). The deciding moment of the Shipka campaign, and by extent the war, came in August 1877, when a group of 5,000 Bulgarian volunteers and 2,500 Russian troops repulsed an attack against the peak by a nearly 40,000-strong Ottoman army. First battle In July 1877, four Russian corps crossed the Danube River and entered Bulgaria. Preceding the main Russian army, Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko led a detachment of 11,000 men to capture the vital Balkan Mountain passes. Gourko approached the Shipka Pass, which was held by an Ottoman garrison of 4,000–5,000 soldiers under Mehmed Hulusi Pasha. Gourko's orders required him to act in concert with Maj. Gen. Prince Nikolai Mirsky's 9th Infantry Division, which was approaching Shipka Pas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Bulgaria
The history of Ottoman Bulgaria spans nearly 500 years, from the conquest by the Ottoman Empire of the smaller kingdoms emerging from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 14th century, to the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878. As a result of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), the Principality of Bulgaria, a self-governing Ottoman vassal state that was functionally independent, was created. In 1885 the Ottoman autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia came under the control of and was unified with the Principality of Bulgaria. Bulgaria declared independence in 1908. Administrative organization The Ottomans reorganised the Bulgarian territories, dividing them into several vilayets, each ruled by a Sanjakbey or Subasi accountable to the Beylerbey. Significant parts of the conquered land were parcelled out to the Sultan's followers, who held it as benefices or fiefs (small ''timars'', medium ''ziyamet'' and large ''hases'') directly from him, or from the Beylerbeys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sofia
Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. It has a humid continental climate. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea. Known as Serdica in Antiquity and Sredets in the Middle Ages, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. The recorded history of the city begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic tribe Serdi. During the decline of the Roman Empire, the city was raided by Huns, Visigoths, Avars and Slavs. In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire by Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. In 1018, the Byzantines ended Bulgarian rule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko
Count Iosif Vladimirovich Romeyko-Gurko (russian: Граф Ио́сиф Влади́мирович Роме́йко-Гурко́, Iósif Vladímirovič Roméjko-Gurkó; — ), also known as Joseph or Ossip Gourko, was a prominent Russian field marshal during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). Biography Of Belarusian extraction, Gurko was educated in the Imperial Corps of Pages, entered the hussars of the Imperial Guard as a sub-lieutenant in 1846, became captain in 1857, adjutant to Alexander II of Russia in 1860, colonel in 1861, commander of the 4th Hussar Regiment of Mariupol in 1866, and major-general of the emperor's suite in 1867. He subsequently commanded the grenadier regiment, and in 1873 the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, of the cavalry of the Imperial Guard. Although he took part in the Crimean War, being stationed at Belbek, his claim to distinction is due to his service in the Turkish war of 1877. He led the spearhead of the Russian invasion, took Tarnovo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Sofia
The Battle of Sofia ( bg, Битката при София) was the culmination of Russian General Iosif Gurko's Western Squad for the defeat of the Orhaniye army in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). It led to the Liberation of Sofia from Turkish rule. Battle of Sofia Location of power In early January 1877, the West army group Gurko successfully crossed the Balkan Mountains. Parts of the group was to focus on Yana village. The Orhaniye Ottoman army after the Battle of Tashkessen retired to the Sofia area. Western group Gurko passed to operation Orhaniye to defeat the Ottoman army, according to the plan for final action in the war. General Iosif Gurko said: "''Probably we would not have crossed the mountain, were it not for these silent and strong Bulgarians who brought us bread and hot food. They prompted us to remove the horses to harness their oxen to the guns and so went the first party to pass through snowdrifts and freezing cold.''" Part of the forces of the West gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tashkessen
The Battle of Tashkessen or Battle of Tashkesan ( Turkish: ''Taşkesen Muharebesi'') was a battle of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. It was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire on December 31, 1877, in what is now Bulgaria. The battle The army of Shakir Pasha, some 14,000 men, was on retreat from the village of Kamarli towards Sofia. Shakir Pasha's army was threatened by a Russian force that Burnaby claimed had 30,000 men and "30 battalions of the Russian Guard" from its left flank, under the command of General Iosif Gurko, and another one, said to be 22,000 men strong before Kamarli. 2,400–4,000 men, 7 guns and two cavalry squadrons of Shakir Pasha's army had been detached under the command of Valentine Baker, a British-born Ottoman general. Baker Pasha was given orders to hold off the advancing Russian army in order to secure the retreat of Shakir Pasha's remaining troops. Baker Pasha entrenched his forces in the village of Taşkesen (now Sarant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Kars
The Battle of Kars was a decisive Russian victory over the Ottoman Empire during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). The battle for the city took place on November 17th, 1877, and resulted in the Russians capturing the city along with a large portion of the Ottoman forces defending the city. Although the actual battle for the city lasted a single night, fighting for the city began in the summer of that year. The idea of taking the city was considered impossible by some in Russian high command and many soldiers, who thought it would lead to needlessly high Russian casualties without any hopes of success due to the strength of the Ottoman position. Loris Melikov and others among the Russian command, however, devised a plan of attack that saw Russian forces conquer the city after a night of long and hard fighting. The Ottoman defeat at Kars had widespread consequences regionally, and the city was formally annexed at the Treaty of Berlin. Battles in the Build Up to the Attack The s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erzurum
Erzurum (; ) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. The city uses the double-headed eagle as its coat-of-arms, a motif that has been a common symbol throughout Anatolia since the Bronze Age. Erzurum has winter sports facilities and hosted the 2011 Winter Universiade. Name and etymology The city was originally known in Armenian as Karno K'aghak' ( hy, Կարնոյ քաղաք), meaning city of Karin, to distinguish it from the district of Karin ( Կարին). It is presumed its name was derived from a local tribe called the Karenitis. Darbinian, M. "Erzurum," Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1978, vol. 4, p. 93. An alternate theory contends that a local princely family, the Kamsarakans, the Armenian off-shoot of the Iranian Kārin Pahlav family, lent its name to the locale that eventually bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
