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Battle Of Mashkullorë
The Battle of Mashkullorë (March 18, 1908) () took place between Albanian rebel forces under the command of Çerçiz Topulli and the Ottomans. Background On February 25, 1908, Çerçiz Topulli and his Albanian rebel group assassinated the Ottoman binbashi of Gjirokastër. After the assassination of the Ottoman binbashi, Çerçiz Topulli and his Albanian rebels fled to Mashkullorë, a village near Gjirokastër Gjirokastër (, sq-definite, Gjirokastra) is a city in the Republic of Albania and the seat of Gjirokastër County and Gjirokastër Municipality. It is located in a valley between the Gjerë mountains and the Drino, at 300 metres above sea le .... Armed resistance in Mashkullorë On March 18, the Albanian rebels were surrounded by Ottoman forces. The Ottoman forces had over 150 soldiers and the Albanian rebels were outnumbered, nevertheless, Çerçiz Topulli was able to fight the soldiers, and emerge victorious. The Albanian rebel group of the detachment res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanian National Awakening
The Albanian National Awakening ( sq, Rilindja or ), commonly known as the Albanian Renaissance or Albanian Revival, is a period throughout the 19th and 20th century of a cultural, political and social movement in the Albanian history where the Albanian people gathered strength to establish an independent cultural and political life as well as the country of Albania. Prior to the rise of nationalism, Albania remained under the rule of the Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries and the Ottoman authorities suppressed any expression of national unity or national conscience by the Albanian people. There is some debate among experts regarding when the Albanian nationalist movement should be considered to have started. Some sources attribute its origins to the revolts against centralisation in the 1830s, others to the publication of the first attempt by Naum Veqilharxhi at a standardized alphabet for Albanian in 1844,Zhelyazkova, Antonina (2000). "Albanian Identities". Sofia: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gjirokastër
Gjirokastër (, sq-definite, Gjirokastra) is a city in the Republic of Albania and the seat of Gjirokastër County and Gjirokastër Municipality. It is located in a valley between the Gjerë mountains and the Drino, at 300 metres above sea level. Its old town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, described as "a rare example of a well-preserved Ottoman town, built by farmers of large estate". The city is overlooked by Gjirokastër Fortress, where the Gjirokastër National Folklore Festival is held every five years. It is the birthplace of former Albanian communist leader Enver Hoxha, and author Ismail Kadare. The city appears in the historical record dating back in 1336 by its Greek name, gkm, Αργυρόκαστρο, Argyrókastro, label=none, as part of the Byzantine Empire. It became part of the Orthodox Christian diocese of ''Dryinoupolis and Argyrokastro'' after the destruction of nearby Adrianoupolis.Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2010).The Orthodox Church in Albania Under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albania
Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south. Tirana is its capital and largest city, followed by Durrës, Vlorë, and Shkodër. Albania displays varied climatic, geological, hydrological, and morphological conditions, defined in an area of . It possesses significant diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab, Skanderbeg, Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea. Albania has been inhabited by different civilisations over time, such as the Illyrians, Thracians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Venetians, and Ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Albanian Rebels
This is a list of Albanian rebels. Medieval era *Gjergj Kastrioti (1405–1468) * Gjon Kastrioti II (1456–1502) * Ajdin Muzaka (–1444) * Gjon Zenebishi (–1418) * Depë Zenebishi (1379–1435) * Theodor Bua (?–?) *Mark Gjini (?-?) * Pjetër Bua (?–?) Ottoman period *Mihal Grameno (1871–1931) *Bajo Topulli (1868–1930) *Çerçiz Topulli (1880–1915) * Zenel Gjoleka (1805–1852) *Çelo Picari (1801–1880) * Tafil Buzi (1792–1844) *Dervish Cara (–1844) * Mic Sokoli (1839–1881) * Zhuj Selmani (1844–1875) *Rrapo Hekali (–1875) * Hodo Nivica (1809–1852) * Hasan Prishtina (1873–1933) *Menduh Zavalani (1889–1914) * Ded Gjo Luli (1840–1915) *Sokol Baci (1837–1920) *Mehmet Shpendi (1851–1915) *Luigj Gurakuqi (1879–1925) *Pretash Zeka Ulaj (1882–1962) * Tringe Smajli (1880–1917) Kachak movement * Bajram Curri (1862–1925) * Azem Galica (1889–1924) * Qerime Shotë Galica (1895–1927) *Zef Kol Ndoka (1883–1924) * Hysni Curri (?–1925) * Aje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Gendarmerie
The Ottoman Gendarmerie ( tr, Jandarma), also known as ''zaptı'', was a security and public order organization (a precursor to law enforcement) in the 19th-century Ottoman Empire. The first official gendarmerie organization was founded in 1869. History After the abolition of the Janissary corps of the Ottoman Empire in 1826, military organizations called ''Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Mansûre'', ''Asâkir-i Muntazâma-i Hâssa'', and, in 1834, ''Asâkir-i Redîfe'' were established to deliver security and public order services in Anatolia and in some provinces of Rumelia. Since the term Gendarmerie was noticed only in the Assignment Decrees published in the years following the declaration of Tanzimat in 1839, it is assumed that the Gendarmerie organization was founded after that year, but the exact date of foundation has not yet been determined. Therefore, taking the June 14 of "June 14, 1869", on which ''Asâkir-i Zaptiye Nizâmnâmesi'' was adopted, June 14, 1839 was accepted as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Çerçiz Topulli
Çerçiz Topulli (20 September 1880 – 17 July 1915) was an Albanian revolutionary and guerrilla fighter involved in the national movement operating in the mountainous areas of southern Albania. He was the younger brother of Bajo Topulli. He was known for fighting the Ottomans in 1907 and 1908 and then after they left, the Greeks in 1913 and 1914 during the Balkan Wars. Biography Çerçiz Topulli was a Tosk Albanian, scion of a notable family of Gjirokastra, born to Ago Topulli and Hasije, daughter of Laze Mullai from Kardhiq. Armed resistance During early 1906, he and his brother Bajo founded the first Albanian armed guerrilla band. The group was active for three years, with both brothers taking a winter break during 1906-1907 and spending it in Sofia and Bucharest. Both brothers had been professionals who decided to engage in guerilla warfare after leaving the comforts of town life. The guerilla band viewed the Ottoman regime of Abdul Hamid II along with Greeks and Slavs as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wounded In Action
Wounded in Action (WIA) describes combatants who have been wounded while fighting in a combat zone during wartime, but have not been killed. Typically, it implies that they are temporarily or permanently incapable of bearing arms or continuing to fight. Generally, the Wounded in Action are far more numerous than those killed. Common combat injuries include second and third degree burns, broken bones, shrapnel wounds, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, nerve damage, paralysis, loss of sight and hearing, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and limb loss. For the U.S. military, becoming WIA in combat generally results in subsequent conferral of the Purple Heart, because the purpose of the medal itself (one of the highest awards, military or civilian, officially given by the American government) is to recognize those killed, incapacitated, or wounded in battle. NATO's definitions Wounded in action A battle casualty other than '' killed in action'' who has incurred an injur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mihal Grameno
Mihal Grameno (13 January 1871 – 5 February 1931) was an Albanian nationalist, politician, writer, freedom fighter, and journalist. He was one of the four initial appointed delegates from Korçë to the Albanian National Congress that proclaimed the Independence of Albania on 28 November 1912. Biography Mihal Grameno was born in Korçë to an Orthodox merchant family. He studied at the local secondary school before emigrating to Romania in 1885. It was in Bucharest where he got involved in the Albanian National Awakening where the movement soon collapsed due to financial reasons in the extended family who were dependent on money. In 1907, he joined the newly formed Çerçiz Topulli's kachak band, an early guerrilla unit fighting against Ottoman troops ( mostly Albanian) and policies of Sultan Abdul Hamid II in Albania. They were considered the ''Apostles of Albanianism'' and would go from village to village to discuss the Albanian predicament. Ottoman officials ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binbashi
A ''binbashi'', alternatively ''bimbashi'', (from tr, Binbaşı, "chief of a thousand", "chiliarch") is a major in the Turkish army, of which term originated in the Ottoman army. The title was also used for a major in the Khedivial Egyptian army as ''Bimbashi'' (1805–1953). It was also used by the Serbian revolutionaries as ''Bimbaša'' ( sr-cyr, Бимбаша) in 1804–1817. Since the restructuring of the modern Turkish Army in 1934, ''Binbaşı'' means major; but in the Ottoman Army (and in the pre-1934 Turkish Army, during the early years of the Turkish Republic) the more correct equivalent of the Western rank "major" was '' Kolağası'' (senior captain), which ranked above ''Yüzbaşı'' (captain) and below ''Binbaşı''. When the rank '' Kolağası'' was removed from the Turkish Army in 1934, the rank ''Binbaşı'' was relegated to major (before 1934, the rank ''Binbaşı'' was also considered an equivalent of lieutenant colonel.) Until 1934, it was the duty of a Bin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottomans
The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, but they take their Turkish name, ''Osmanlı'' ("Osman" became altered in some European languages as "Ottoman"), from the house of Osman I (reigned 1299–1326), the founder of the House of Osman, the ruling dynasty of the Ottoman Empire for its entire 624 years. Expanding from its base in Söğüt, the Ottoman principality began incorporating other Turkish-speaking Muslims and non-Turkish Christians. Crossing into Europe from the 1350s, coming to dominate the Mediterranean Sea and, in 1453, invading Constantinople (the capital city of the Byzantine Empire), the Ottoman Turks blocked all major land routes between Asia and Europe. Western Europeans had to find other ways to trade with the East. Brief history The "Ottomans" first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Involving The Ottoman Empire
List of the main battles in the history of the Ottoman Empire are shown below. The life span of the empire was more than six centuries, and the maximum territorial extent, at the zenith of its power in the second half of the 16th century, stretched from central Europe to the Persian Gulf and from the Caspian Sea to North Africa. The number of battles the empire fought is quite high. But here only the more important battles are listed. Among these, the battles fought in the 20th century (Turco-Italian War, Balkan Wars, and World War I ) as well as the sieges (like the sieges of Constantinople, Cairo, Belgrade, Bagdad, etc.) which most lists include as battles are not shown except in cases where the siege is followed by a battle (i.e. Vienna, Khotyn, Plevna).Prof.Dr.Yaşar Yücel-Prof.Dr.Ali Sevim: ''Türkiye Tarihi II, III, IV'', AKDTYK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1990, List of battles (Color legend for the location of the battle) The sultans of the Ottoman Empire participa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1908 In The Ottoman Empire
Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number), the natural number following 18 and preceding 20 * one of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (film), a 1987 science fiction film Music * 19 (band), a Japanese pop music duo Albums * ''19'' (Adele album), 2008 * ''19'', a 2003 album by Alsou * ''19'', a 2006 album by Evan Yo * ''19'', a 2018 album by MHD * ''19'', one half of the double album ''63/19'' by Kool A.D. * '' Number Nineteen'', a 1971 album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron * ''XIX'' (EP), a 2019 EP by 1the9 Songs * "19" (song), a 1985 song by British musician Paul Hardcastle. * "Nineteen", a song by Bad4Good from the 1992 album ''Refugee'' * "Nineteen", a song by Karma to Burn from the 2001 album ''Almost Heathen''. * "Nineteen" (song), a 2007 song by American singer Billy Ray Cyrus. * "Nineteen", a song by Tegan and Sara from the 2007 album '' The Con''. * "XIX" (song), a 2014 song by Slipk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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