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Battle Of Bab El Oued
The Battle of Bab el Oued (french: link=no, Bataille de Bab el Oued) was a violent confrontation which occurred during the latter stages of the Algerian War (1954–1962) between the French Army and the Organisation armée secrète (OAS) which opposed Algerian independence. It took place in Bab El Oued, a traditionally white working-class quarters of Algiers, from 23 March to 6 April 1962. Context The OAS uprising (19 March) The OAS was an organization of hard-line European "Pied-Noir, Pieds Noirs" living in (the French Algeria, then-French territory) Algeria who were opposed to the cease-fire announced by French president Charles de Gaulle on 19 March 1962 between French Army, French forces and the National Liberation Front (Algeria), Front de libération nationale (FLN) forces fighting for Independence of Algeria, Algerian Independence. The OAS decided to dig in at their stronghold of Bab El Oued (a traditionally European working-class area) to fight the Evian Agreements by f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algerian War
The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence,( ar, الثورة الجزائرية '; '' ber, Tagrawla Tadzayrit''; french: Guerre d'Algérie or ') and sometimes in Algeria as the War of 1 November, was fought between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (french: Front de Libération Nationale – FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and war crimes. The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities. The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France. Effectively started by members of the National Liberation Front (FLN) on 1 November 1954, during the ("Red All Saints' Day"), the conflict led to serious political crises in France, causing the fall of the Fourth Republic (1946–58), to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mobile Gendarmerie
The Mobile Gendarmerie (french: Gendarmerie mobile) (GM) is a subdivision of the French National Gendarmerie whose main mission is to maintain public order (from crowd control to riot control) and general security. Contrary to the Departmental Gendarmerie, whose jurisdiction is limited to specific parts of the territory, the Mobile Gendarmerie can operate anywhere in France and even abroad as the Gendarmerie is a component of the French Armed Forces. Although the term "mobile" has been used at different times in the 19th century, the modern Mobile Gendarmerie was created in 1921. The Mobile Gendarmerie is nicknamed ''la jaune'' (the yellow one) because of its golden rank insignia, the traditional color of infantry in the French Army (the Departmental Gendarmerie, like most Gendarmerie branches wear the silver insignia of the cavalry and other mounted arms). The Mobile Gendarmerie is often mistaken with the National Police's CRS, as some of their missions are similar, but they ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1962 Isly Massacre
The 1962 Isly massacre was an incident during the Algerian War when French Army soldiers opened fire on a crowd of ''Pied-Noir'' demonstrators marching in support of French Algeria, France's control over Algeria on 26 March 1962. In response to news of the signing of the Évian Accords, which ended the Algerian War in favour of Algeria's independence, crowds of anti-independence ''Pied-Noirs'' marched throughout Algiers, denouncing the treaty's terms. 45 French troops from the Tirailleur, 4th Tirailleur Regiment manning a roadblock opened fire at a crowd of demonstrators who were marching towards the neighbourhood of Bab El Oued, killing between 50 and 80 ''Pied-Noir'' civilians. In response to news of the massacre, ''Pied-Noirs'' began a Human migration, mass exodus from Algeria to Metropolitan France. On 26 January 2022, President of France, French president Emmanuel Macron formally acknowledged the massacre. Background Algeria was gradually incorporated into the French colon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmond Jouhaud
Edmond Jouhaud (; 2 April 1905 – 4 September 1995) was one of four French generals who briefly staged a putsch in Algeria in April 1961. Early life Edmond Jouhaud was born on 2 April 1905 in French Algeria. He was a descendant of early Algerian pioneers from Limoges, in France. Military career Edmond Jouhaud entered the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr in 1924. With the rank of commanding officer, Jouhaud led the resistance against German occupation in the region of Bordeaux since 1943. He fled to Britain in March 1944 to join the Free French Forces. As army general he had been the inspector general of the Air Force in French North Africa. After the failure of the putsch, he became the deputy of Raoul Salan in the Organisation armée secrète. While Salan fled to Spain, Jouhaud remained out of loyalty to his birthplace. He had served as air force commander during France's war in Indochina and air force chief of staff in Algeria. He left the air force in 1960 and allied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Legion
The French Legion may refer to: * French Foreign Legion * Legion of Honour of France * Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism * Czechoslovak Legion in France * French Armenian Legion * ''Legion of France'', see Boer foreign volunteers See also * French Foreign Legion (other) * 2nd Foreign Legion (France) * List of military legions * List of Roman legions * American Legion (other) * British Legion (other) * German Legion (other) * Legion (other) {{SIA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oran
Oran ( ar, وَهران, Wahrān) is a major coastal city located in the north-west of Algeria. It is considered the second most important city of Algeria after the capital Algiers, due to its population and commercial, industrial, and cultural importance. It is west-south-west from Algiers. The total population of the city was 803,329 in 2008, while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately 1,500,000 making it the second-largest city in Algeria. Etymology The word ''Wahran'' comes from the Berber expression ''wa - iharan'' (place of lions). A locally popular legend tells that in the period around AD 900, there were sightings of Barbary lion, Barbary lions in the area. The last two lions were killed on a mountain near Oran, and it became known as ''la montagne des lions'' ("The Mountain of Lions"). Two giant lion statues stand in front of Oran's city hall, symbolizing the city. History Overview During the Roman Empire, a small settlement called ''Unica Colonia'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maquis (World War II)
The Maquis () were rural guerrilla bands of French and Belgian Resistance fighters, called ''maquisards'', during the Nazi occupation of France in World War II. Initially, they were composed of young, mostly working-class, men who had escaped into the mountains and woods to avoid conscription into Vichy France's ''Service du travail obligatoire'' ("Compulsory Work Service" or ''STO'') to provide forced labor for Germany. To avoid capture and deportation to Germany, they became increasingly organized into active resistance groups. They had an estimated to members in autumn of 1943 and approximately members in June 1944. Meaning Originally the word came from the kind of terrain in which the armed resistance groups hid, high ground in southeastern France covered with scrub growth called ''maquis'' (scrubland). from Dictionary.com Although strictly speaking it means thicket, ''maquis'' could be roughly translated as "the bush"; in Corsica, the saying ''prendre le maquis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labour Research Department
The Labour Research Department (LRD) is an independent trade union based research organisation, based in London, that provides information to support trade union activity and campaigns. About 2,000 trade union organisations, including 51 national unions in the UK, representing more than 99% of total Trades Union Congress (TUC) membership, are affiliated. LRD had its beginnings as the Committee of Inquiry into the Control of Industry, set up by the Fabian Society in 1912. The following year the committee was consolidated as the Fabian Research Department. Its first monthly bulletin was established in 1917, as the ''Monthly Circular''. In 1918 the organisation broadened its membership and changed its name to the Labour Research Department. Publications LRD publishes extensively on employment law, including the annual guide Law at Work. LRD publishes LRD booklets, Labour Research, Workplace Report, Fact Service and Safety Rep. Full information on LRD's publications is available on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Time Magazine
''Time'' (stylized in all caps) is an American news magazine based in New York City. For nearly a century, it was published weekly, but starting in March 2020 it transitioned to every other week. It was first published in New York City on March 3, 1923, and for many years it was run by its influential co-founder, Henry Luce. A European edition (''Time Europe'', formerly known as ''Time Atlantic'') is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa, and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (''Time Asia'') is based in Hong Kong. The South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. Since 2018, ''Time'' has been published by Time USA, LLC, owned by Marc Benioff, who acquired it from Meredith Corporation. History ''Time'' has been based in New York City since its first issue published on March 3, 1923, by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce. It was the first weekly news magazine in the United States. The two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boufarik
Boufarik is a town in Blida Province, Algeria, approximately 30 km from Algiers. In 2008, its population was 57,162. The major neighbourhoods of the city are: K'ssar, Blatan, Ben gladash, Mimoun, Trig erange, Bariyan. The city is well known for the production of oranges. The main stadium is the Boufarik Stadium (Stade du Boufarik). Notable residents *, founder of .See also * |
North American T-28 Trojan
The North American Aviation T-28 Trojan is a radial-engine military trainer aircraft manufactured by North American Aviation and used by the United States Air Force and United States Navy beginning in the 1950s. Besides its use as a trainer, the T-28 was successfully employed as a counter-insurgency aircraft, primarily during the Vietnam War. It has continued in civilian use as an aerobatics and warbird performer. Design and development On September 24, 1949, the XT-28 (company designation NA-159) was flown for the first time, designed to replace the T-6 Texan. The T-28A arrived at the Air Proving Ground, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, in mid-June 1950, for suitability tests as an advanced trainer by the 3200th Fighter Test Squadron, with consideration given to its transition, instrument, and gunnery capabilities. Found satisfactory, a contract was issued and between 1950 and 1957, a total of 1,948 were built. Following the T-28's withdrawal from U.S. military service, a numb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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