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Battle Of Amritsar (1738)
The Battle of Amritsar was fought in 1738 by the Sikh forces led by Nawab Kapur Singh and the Mughal forces led by Qazi Abdul Rehman. Background In 1737, Zakariya Khan took Amritsar, the holy city of the Sikhs and blocked them from visiting the Golden Temple. An army of 2,000 Mughals always guarded the gurudwara. Qazi Abdul Razzaq was chosen to be the controller of Amritsar. The Sikhs would disguise themselves during midnight and would take a dip in the holy water, not afraid of death. When they were seen, they would often be taken prisoner or slain. One time the Qazi announced that the Sikhs could not face them. This infuriated Nawab Kapur Singh and the Sikhs started planning for a battle. Battle One day Sukha Singh and Braj Singh, the nephew of Bhai Mani Singh went for a dip and went back to join a few hundred Sikhs outside. Abdul Rehman thought that it was only two Sikhs and decided to follow them, only to be attacked by the Sikhs waiting outside. Instead of retreating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amritsar
Amritsar (), historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as ''Ambarsar'', is the second largest city in the Indian state of Punjab, after Ludhiana. It is a major cultural, transportation and economic centre, located in the Majha region of Punjab. The city is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Amritsar is the second-most populous city in Punjab and the most populous metropolitan region in the state with a population of roughly 2 million. Amritsar is the centre of the Amritsar Metropolitan Region. According to the 2011 census, the population of Amritsar was 1,989,961. It is one of the ten Municipal Corporations in the state, and Karamjit Singh Rintu is the current Mayor of the city. The city is situated north-west of Chandigarh, 455 km (283 miles) north-west of New Delhi, and 47 km (29.2 miles) north-east of Lahore, Pakistan, with the Indo-Pak Border (Attari-Wagah) being only away. Am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martyrdom In Sikhism
Martyrdom is a fundamental institution of Sikhism. Sikh festivals are largely focused on the lives of the Sikh gurus and Sikh martyrs. Their martyrdoms are regarded as instructional ideals for Sikhs, and have greatly influenced Sikh culture and practices. The Fifth Guru, Guru Arjan Dev, is generally regarded as the first Sikh martyr. The term ''shahidi'' has been used by Sikhs since the 19th century to describe the act of martyrdom. A martyr is called a ''shahid (Punjabi: ਸ਼ਹੀਦ).'' Martyrdom Martyrdom is a fundamental institution of the Sikh faith. When one calls an individual a ''shahid'', this connotes more than its definition in Arabic vocabulary or Islamic faith, which is death in battle with the infidels. For the Sikh, the perfect martyr or ''shahid'' is one who died not just in battle but also one who suffered death by refusing to renounce his faith, tenets and principles. The Sikh experience through the years gave rise to this type of ideal martyrdom. Qazi Rukunu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nihang
The Nihang or Akali (lit. "the immortals") is an armed Sikh warrior order originating in the Indian subcontinent. Nihang are believed to have originated either from Fateh Singh and the attire he wore or from the "Akali" (lit. Army of the Immortal) started by Guru Hargobind. Early Sikh military history was dominated by the Nihang, known for their victories where they were heavily outnumbered. Traditionally known for their bravery and ruthlessness in the battlefield, the Nihang once formed the irregular guerrilla squads of the armed forces of the Sikh Empire, the Sikh Khalsa Army. Akali The ''word Akali/akaali'' means timeless or immortal. Literally, one who belongs to ''Akaal'' (beyond Time). In other words, an Akaali is that person who is subject of none but God only. Conceptually speaking, the terms Akaali, Khalsa and Sikh are synonymous. The term Akaali was first used during the time of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib. The term Akaali became popular in the last decades of the eig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehtab Singh Bhangu
Mehtab Singh (d. 1745) was a Sikh warrior and martyr. He was the son of Hara Singh of Mirarikot, a Ravidas Sikh of the Bhangu clan. Sikh Persecution Punjab had gone through an era of Sikh persecution under the Mughal governor of Lahore Zakariya Khan from 1726 to 1745 A.D. In 1740, the governor of Lahore put Massa Ranghar or Musalul Khan, a Chaudhury of Mandiala, in charge of Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple). Sikhs were not allowed to visit Harmandir Sahib or to take a dip in the holy waters of its tank (sarovar). Massa Ranghar persecuted the Sikhs and looted the shops and homes of Hindus. He watched dancing girls perform, drank alcohol and smoked shisha inside Harmandir Sahib. News from Amritsar Two residents of Amritsar, Tej Ram, a Hindu, and Bulaka Singh, took this news to a band of Khalsa in the deserts of Bikaner under the leadership of Sardar Sham Singh. Tej Ram and Bulaka Singh narrated their stories to the congregation of Sikhs. After listening, Sardar Mehtab Sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautch
The nautch (; meaning "dance" or "dancing")Scott A. Kugle, 2016When Sun Meets Moon: Gender, Eros, and Ecstasy in Urdu Poetry p.230. was a popular court dance performed by girls (known as "nautch girls") in India. The culture of the performing art of the nautch rose to prominence during the later period of Mughal Empire, and the rule of the East India Company. Over time, the nautch traveled outside the confines of the Imperial courts of the Mughals, the palaces of the Nawabs and the princely states, and the higher echelons of the officials of the British Raj, to the places of smaller zamindars. Some references use the terms ''nautch'' and ''nautch girls'' to describe Devadasis who used to perform ritual and religious dances in the Hindu temples of India. However, there is not much similarity between the Devadasis and the nautch girls. The former performed dances, mostly Indian classical dances, including the ritual dances, in the precincts of the Hindu temples to please the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massa Ranghar
Massa Ranghar, formally Ranghar, also known by his birth name Musalal Khan was the Ranghar choudhary of Mandiala. In 1738, Qazi Abdul Razzaq was killed in an encounter with the Sikhs under Nawab Kapur Singh. The Governor of Lahore Zakariya Khan Bahadur, appointed Massa Ranghar as the commandant of Amritsar. He used the precincts of the Golden Temple for amusement with dancing girls. The news of this sacrilegious use of the temple spread to the remote areas. Two Sikhs, Sukha Singh and Mehtab Singh, decided to kill Massa Ranghar. They disguised themselves as tax collectors, entered the temple and beheaded Decapitation or beheading is the total separation of the head from the body. Such an injury is invariably fatal to humans and most other animals, since it deprives the brain of oxygenated blood, while all other organs are deprived of the ... Massa Ranghar while he was enjoying the dance. Massa Ranghar met his end at the hands of Mehtab Singh. References Sikh Emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhai Mani Singh
Bhai Mani Singh was an 18th-century Sikh scholar and martyr. He was a childhood companion of Guru Gobind Singh and took the vows of Sikhism when the Guru inaugurated the Khalsa in March 1699. Soon after that, the Guru sent him to Amritsar to take charge of Harmandir Sahib, which had been without a custodian since 1696. He took control and steered the course of Sikh destiny at a critical stage in Sikh history. The nature of his death in which he was dismembered joint by joint has become a part of the daily Sikh Ardas (prayer). Family Ancestry Mani Singh was originally called Mani Ram, and was the son of Mai Das of Alipur. He had two elder brothers: Jet (Bhai Jetha Singh) and Dayal Das. Mani Singh was one of the 12 sons of Mai Das. His grandfather was Rao Ballu, a reputable warrior, who was a general in Guru Hargobind's army. Mani Singh's family consisted of notable warriors, among them his cousin Bhagwant Singh Bangeshwar, who was a ruler in Aurangzeb time. His brot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zakariya Khan
Zakariya Khan (died 1745) was the Mughal Empire's subahdar of Lahore Subah from 1726, succeeding his father, Abd al-Samad Khan, in the post. He was descended from the Ansari family of Panipat. He continued and extended his father's policy of severe persecution of Sikhs, and thousands of Sikhs were killed during his period in the post, especially during the Chhota Ghallughara. Khan was given control of Lahore by Persian Emperor Nader Shah during his invasion of the Mughal Empire in 1738 in return for annual tribute payments to the Persian crown. He continued the prosecution of Sikhs and appointed Salabat Khan to block Amritsar and not allowing Sikhs to worship there. According to prominent early Sikh historian Ratan Singh Bhangu, in response to having his scalp torn off, Taru Singh cursed Zakaria Khan, saying he would be killed by his shoes. According to Sikh sources, after cutting Bhai Taru Singh's scalp, Zakaria Khan was stricken with unbearable pain and the inability to u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal-Sikh Wars
This is a list of battles and campaigns between Mughal and Sikhs armies, which started with the martyrdom of fifth Sikh Guru Arjan Dev on the orders of Jahangir. Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh Guru introduced the militarization to Sikhism. In response of his father's execution, he fought several battles against the Mughal army and defeated them. Later, another Sikh Guru Tegh Bahadur also executed in order of Aurangzeb after he refused to convert to Islam. Guru Gobind Singh, the last Sikh Guru started the Khalsa tradition. __NOTOC__ Battles See also * List of battles involving the Sikh Empire * Afghan-Sikh Wars * Chhota Ghallughara * Indian Campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani * Mughal–Maratha Wars * Rajput Rebellion * List of wars involving the Mughal Empire {{Short description, None The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire that dominated Indian subcontinent between 1526 and 1857 and fought a series of wars with neighbouring empires and kingdoms. The following is a list ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukha Singh
Sukha Singh was a Sikh warrior from present-day Punjab, India. Kamboki near Amritsar. He was born to mother Bibi Haro and father Bhai Ladha. Sikh Persecution Punjab had gone through an era of Sikh persecution under the Mughal governor of Lahore Zakriya Khan from 1726 to 1745 A.D. In 1740, the governor of Lahore put Massa Ranghar or Musalal Khan, a Chaudhury of Mandiala, in charge of Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple). Sikhs were not allowed to visit Harmandir Sahib or to take a dip in the holy waters of its tank (sarovar). Massa Ranghar persecuted the Sikhs and looted the shops and homes of Hindus. He watched dancing girls perform, drank alcohol and smoked shisha inside Harmandir Sahib. News from Amritsar Two residents of Amritsar, Tej Ram, a Hindu, and Bulaka Singh, took this news to a band of Khalsa in the deserts of Bikaner under the leadership of Sardar Sham Singh. Tej Ram and Bulaka Singh narrated their stories to the congregation of Sikhs. After listening, Sardar Meh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nawab Kapur Singh
Nawab Kapur Singh Virk (1697–1753) is considered one of the major figures in Sikh history, under whose leadership the Sikh community traversed one of the darkest periods of its history. He was the organizer of the Sikh Confederacy and the Dal Khalsa. Nawab Kapur Singh is regarded by Sikhs as a leader and general par excellence. Early life Nawab Kapur Singh was born into a Virk Jat family in 1697. His native village was ''Kaloke'', now in Sheikhupura district, in Punjab (Pakistan). Kapur Singh was eleven years old at the time of Guru Gobind Singh's passing on and nineteen at the time of the massacre of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur and his followers in Delhi. Later, when he seized the village of ''Faizullapur'', near Amritsar, he renamed it ''Singhpura'' and made it his headquarters. He is thus, also known as Kapur Singh Faizullapuria, and the small principality he founded, as Faizullapuria or Singhpuria. Initiation into the Khalsa fold Kapur Singh underwent amrit-initiation a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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