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Battalion Zośka
Battalion Zośka (pronounced /'zɔɕ.ka/; 'Sophie' in Polish) was a Scouting battalion of the Polish resistance movement organisation - Home Army ( Armia Krajowa or "AK") during World War II. It mainly consisted of members of the Szare Szeregi paramilitary Boy Scouts. It was formed in late August 1943. A part of the Radosław Group, the battalion played a major role in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.Battalion Zośka (Internet Archive) Zośka was named after , who used the name as his pseudonym during the AK's early days. He was killed during a partisan action. History The battalion was formed in late August 1943 as part of ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flaga PPP
UGI Corporation (formerly United Gas Improvement Corp.) is a natural gas and electric power distribution company headquartered in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, with extensive operations in the United States and Europe. UGI owns AmeriGas, the largest propane marketer in the United States. UGI also owns AvantiGas, Antargaz and Flaga in Europe. UGI also operates interstate and intrastate transmission and natural gas storage assets in the Marcellus Shale. History UGI was incorporated in 1882 as United Gas Improvement Co. In 1903, the company owned the majority of the stock of the Equitable Illuminating Gas Light Company, which operated the Philadelphia Gas Works. The company formed the United Electric Company of New Jersey in 1899. United Electric consolidated several electric and lighting utilities into a single holding company. Public Service Corporation of New Jersey took over United Electric in 1907. United Electric was ultimately merged into Public Service Enterprise Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virtuti Militari
The War Order of Virtuti Militari (Latin: ''"For Military Virtue"'', pl, Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari) is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and courage in the face of the enemy at war. It was created in 1792 by Polish King Stanislaus II Augustus and is the oldest military decoration in the world still in use. It is awarded in five classes either for personal heroism or, to commanders, for leadership. Some of the heroic actions recognized by an award of the Virtuti Militari are equivalent to those meriting the British Victoria Cross, the German Iron Cross, and the American Medal of Honor. Soon after its introduction, however, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was destroyed in the partitions of Poland (1795), and the partitioning powers abolished the decoration and prohibited its wearing. Since then, the award has been reintroduced, renamed and banned several times, with its fate closely reflecting the vicissitudes of the Polish people. Throughout the decorat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrzej Romocki
Andrzej Romocki, codename "Morro" (16 April 1923 - 15 September 1944, was a Polish Scoutmaster (harcmistrz) who attained the rank of captain in the Armia Krajowa (Polish Home Army, AK) during World War II. Romocki was active in the Szare Szeregi (Gray Ranks) organisation from 1940 onwards and during the Warsaw Uprising he was the commander of the Jan Bytnar, Rudy Company of the AK Batalion Zośka, Zośka Battalion. He took command of the whole battalion on 31 August 1944 until his death in the Czerniaków district on 15 September. It's possible that he was killed as a result of "friendly fire" by soldiers of the Ludowe Wojsko Polskie (LWP, People's Army of Poland). Wola and Starówka The Zośka Battalion fought in the most difficult areas of Warsaw throughout the uprising. At the beginning of August 1944, Zośka was stationed in the Wola district, where, after early successes by the insurgents, which included the liberation of 350 Jews from the Gęsiówka concentration camp, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Bytnar
Jan Roman Bytnar, ''nom de guerre'' "Rudy" (''Ginger'') (born 6 May 1921, Kolbuszowa, Poland – died 30 March 1943, Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish scoutmaster, a member of Polish scouting anti-Nazi resistance, and a lieutenant in the Home Army during the Second World War. Biography He was the son of Stanisław Bytnar, a teacher and soldier in the Polish Legions in World War I, and Zdzisława Rechulówna. He attended elementary school in Piastów. In 1931 he was accepted to the Stefan Batory Gymnasium in Warsaw, where the Bytnar family moved in the same year. They lived in the Mokotów district. In 1934, at the age of 13, he joined the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association. In 1938 he attained the highest non-instructor rank, "Scout of the Republic". Shortly before, in 1937, he began attending a lyceum; he graduated in May 1939. World War II After the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, Bytnar lived in occupied Warsaw and worked as a glazier and school tutor. In October ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sławomir Maciej Bittner
Sławomir Maciej Bittner (codename: Maciek, Kajman Wojak; born 21 July 1923, Warsaw - died 28 February 1944, Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish scoutmaster ( podharcmistrz) and second lieutenant of the Armia Krajowa. Arrested on 18 February 1944 by the Gestapo, he was killed, probably shot to death, several weeks later on 28 February at Pawiak prison. He was 20 years old. Major sabotage actions * commander of the section "Sten I" in the " Arsenal action" on 26 March 1943 * commander of the liquidation action of SS-Obersturmbannführer Schultz on 6 May 1943 * commander of the group "Więżniarka" during the rescue action of Polish prisoners on the train station in Celestynów on 19 May 1943 * commander of a group in the " Sól action" on 27 May 1943 * covered a bridge during the " Czarnocin action" on 5/6 June 1943 in Targówek * covered a liquidation action of a Gestapo agent, executed in June 1943 by Wanda "Lena" Gertz * commander of a cover group during the " Góral action" on 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugeniusz Stasiecki
Eugeniusz Stasiecki codename: Piotr Pomian, Poleski, Piotr (19 February 1913 in Radom - 4 September 1944 in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish Scoutmaster (harcmistrz), captain of the Armia Krajowa, AK-Szare Szeregi. Stasiecki died in the Warsaw Uprising at the age of 31. Awards * Cross of Valour (Poland), Cross of Valour (Krzyż Walecznych), twice * Virtuti Militari, V class (15 August 1944) 1913 births 1944 deaths People from Radom People from Radom Governorate 20th-century Polish people Polish Scouts and Guides Polish Army officers Polish resistance members of World War II Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland) Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany {{Scout-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ryszard Białous
Ryszard Białous codename: Jerzy (b. 4 April 1914 in Warsaw - 24 March 1992 in Neuquen, Argentina) was a Polish scoutmaster (harcmistrz) captain of the AK-Szare Szeregi. Commander of the Batalion Zośka before and during the Warsaw Uprising. He was also known under the noms de guerre "Zygmunt" and "Taran". Awards * Virtuti Militari, V class * Krzyż Walecznych The Cross of Valour ( pl, Krzyż Walecznych) is a Polish military decoration. It was first introduced by the Council of National Defense on 11 August 1920. It is awarded to an individual who "has demonstrated deeds of valour and courage on the fi ..., three times References 1914 births 1992 deaths Home Army members Polish Scouts and Guides Polish Army officers {{Poland-mil-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej
The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation ( pl, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, abbreviated IPN) is a Polish state research institute in charge of education and archives with investigative and lustration powers. The IPN was established by the Polish parliament by the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance of 18 December 1998, which incorporated the earlier Main Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation of 1991. IPN itself had replaced a body on Nazi crimes established in 1945. In 2018, IPN's mission statement was amended by the controversial Amendment to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance to include "protecting the reputation of the Republic of Poland and the Polish Nation". The IPN investigates Nazi and Communist crimes committed between 1917 and 1990, documents its findings, and disseminates them to the public ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. Established in 1917 as NKVD of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the agency was originally tasked with conducting regular police work and overseeing the country's prisons and labor camps. It was disbanded in 1930, with its functions being dispersed among other agencies, only to be reinstated as an all-union commissariat in 1934. The functions of the OGPU (the secret police organization) were transferred to the NKVD around the year 1930, giving it a monopoly over law enforcement activities that lasted until the end of World War II. During this period, the NKVD included both ordinary public order activities, and secret police activities. The NKVD is known for its role in political repression and for carrying out the Great ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batalion Parasol
Battalion Parasol (Polish: ) was a Scouting battalion of the Armia Krajowa, the primary Polish resistance movement in World War II. It consisted primarily of members of the Gray Ranks. The battalion distinguished itself in numerous underground operations and took part in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, as an element of the Radosław Group. History It was first organized as "Agat" ("Anti-Gestapo") unit by Adam Borys "Pług", a Cichociemni elite soldier parachuted from England in the fall of 1943. Due to arrest of Tadeusz Kostrzewski "Niemira" on 2 January 1944 it changed its name to "Pegaz" ("Przeciw Gestapo – Against the Gestapo"), and after another arrest it was reorganized as "Parasol" (''umbrella'') battalion. The last name referred to a parachute, as the unit was intended to join Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade in free Poland. The battalion is renowned for its numerous military actions in 1943–1944. It organized assassination missions, targeting key Gestapo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batalion Pięść
A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of 300 to 1,200 soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel, and subdivided into a number of companies (usually each commanded by a major or a captain). In some countries, battalions are exclusively infantry, while in others battalions are unit-level organizations. The word battalion came into the English language in the 16th century from the French language (French: ''bataillon'' meaning "battle squadron"; Italian: ''battaglione'' meaning the same thing; derived from the Vulgar Latin word ''battalia'' meaning "battle" and from the Latin word ''bauttere'' meaning "to beat" or "to strike"). The first use of the word in English was in the 1580s. Description A battalion comprises two or more primary mission companies which are often of a common type (e.g., infantry, tank, or maintenance), although there are exceptions such as combined arms battalions in the U.S. Army. In addition to the primary mission companies, a battali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batalion Czata
A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of 300 to 1,200 soldiers commanded by a lieutenant colonel, and subdivided into a number of companies (usually each commanded by a major or a captain). In some countries, battalions are exclusively infantry, while in others battalions are unit-level organizations. The word battalion came into the English language in the 16th century from the French language (French: ''bataillon'' meaning "battle squadron"; Italian: ''battaglione'' meaning the same thing; derived from the Vulgar Latin word ''battalia'' meaning "battle" and from the Latin word ''bauttere'' meaning "to beat" or "to strike"). The first use of the word in English was in the 1580s. Description A battalion comprises two or more primary mission companies which are often of a common type (e.g., infantry, tank, or maintenance), although there are exceptions such as combined arms battalions in the U.S. Army. In addition to the primary mission companies, a battali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
